Local Laws MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Local Laws - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is 'Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority'

Key Points

• Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority:
  • The Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority plays a pivotal role in resolving disputes related to land acquisition in India.
  • It was established under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.
  • This authority is empowered to address grievances and disputes arising from the acquisition of land for public purposes, ensuring transparency and fairness in the process.
  • Its primary purpose is to balance the rights and interests of landowners while facilitating developmental projects that require land.
  • By providing a legal platform for disputes resolution, the authority aims to protect affected individuals and ensure just compensation, rehabilitation, and resettlement.

Additional Information

• Ministry of Tourism:
  • The Ministry of Tourism is responsible for promoting tourism and managing tourism-related policies. It does not play any role in resolving land acquisition disputes, as this is outside its mandate.
  • Land acquisition concerns are primarily legal and administrative matters, not tourism-related issues.
• District Consumer Forum:
  • The District Consumer Forum addresses consumer grievances related to the sale of goods and services. It does not have jurisdiction over land acquisition disputes.
  • Land acquisition cases involve complex legal and social considerations that fall under specialized authorities or courts, not consumer forums.
• National Green Tribunal (NGT):
  • The National Green Tribunal is tasked with handling environmental cases and ensuring environmental protection. While it may address environmental concerns related to land acquisition projects, it does not resolve disputes specifically about land acquisition itself.
  • Its focus is on ensuring compliance with environmental laws and sustainable development, not compensation, rehabilitation, or resettlement of landowners.

The correct answer is 'Lack of government land records and digitization'

Key Points

• Lack of government land records and digitization:
  • One of the primary challenges in implementing land reforms is the absence of accurate and updated land records. Many countries, especially in developing regions, face issues with incomplete, outdated, or inaccurate land registries.
  • This creates disputes over ownership, boundaries, and the rightful beneficiaries of land reforms, making it difficult to enforce policies effectively.
  • The digitization of land records is a significant step towards addressing this issue. Digital records can enhance transparency, reduce corruption, and ensure efficient land management.
  • However, the lack of resources, technical expertise, and political will often hampers efforts to digitize land records, further delaying reforms.

Additional Information

• Overregulation by private companies:
  • This is not a significant challenge in the context of land reforms. Private companies do not generally regulate land reforms, as these are primarily the responsibility of governments and public institutions.
  • Instead, private companies may play a role in land acquisition, but this is a separate issue from the core challenges of implementing land reforms.
• Too much funding from international donors:
  • Excessive funding is rarely a challenge in land reforms. In fact, many land reform initiatives suffer from a lack of adequate funding rather than an overabundance of resources.
  • While international donors can provide valuable support, funding alone cannot resolve structural issues like the lack of updated land records or political resistance.
• Surplus food production:
  • Surplus food production is unrelated to the challenges of land reforms. While it may be an outcome of successful agricultural policies, it does not directly impact the implementation of land reforms.
  • Land reforms focus on equitable land distribution, ownership rights, and sustainable land use rather than agricultural output.

The correct answer is 'Land acquisition disputes'.

Key Points

• Land acquisition disputes:
  • One of the significant reasons for delays in infrastructure projects in India is disputes related to land acquisition. Acquiring land for large-scale infrastructure projects often faces resistance from local communities and landowners.
  • Legal challenges, protests, and disagreements over compensation are common, leading to prolonged delays in project timelines.
  • The Land Acquisition Act, 2013, was introduced to streamline the process and ensure fair compensation, but it still requires resolution of disputes and proper implementation.
  • In many cases, environmental concerns and displacement of communities further add complexity to the process, necessitating careful planning and negotiation.
  • Addressing land acquisition disputes is crucial for ensuring timely completion of projects, as delays significantly impact costs and economic progress.

Additional Information

• Free market economy:
  • A free market economy refers to an economic system where prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses. While it impacts various aspects of infrastructure development, it is not a direct reason for project delays.
  • India's infrastructure projects are often government-driven, with regulatory frameworks playing a significant role rather than pure market dynamics.
• Excess labor availability:
  • India has a large labor pool, which is typically an advantage for infrastructure projects, providing ample workforce for construction and related activities.
  • Excess labor availability does not contribute to delays; rather, it helps in project execution when effectively managed.
• Import taxes on raw materials:
  • Import taxes on raw materials can increase the cost of projects but are not a major reason for delays in execution.
  • Most delays stem from administrative and procedural challenges rather than taxation issues on imported materials.

The correct answer is 'Scheduled Tribes and Forest Dwellers'

Key Points

• The Land Acquisition Act of 2013:
  • The Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act (LARR), 2013, was enacted to ensure fair compensation, transparency, and rehabilitation for those affected by land acquisition.
  • One of its key provisions includes protection for marginalized communities like Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Forest Dwellers.
  • For projects affecting Scheduled Tribes and Forest Dwellers, the Act mandates special safeguards, including free, prior, and informed consent before acquiring their lands.
  • This is because these communities have a deep cultural and livelihood connection to the land, making displacement particularly harmful.

Additional Information

• Explanation of Incorrect Options:
  • Private housing developers: The Act does not provide special protection for private housing developers; instead, it regulates land acquisition to prevent misuse by private entities.
  • IT companies: While IT companies may benefit from land acquisition for infrastructure projects, they do not fall under the category requiring special protection.
  • NRIs (Non-Resident Indians): NRIs do not receive special protection under the Act. The focus is on marginalized and vulnerable groups within India, such as tribal communities.

The correct answer is 'Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is mandatory'

Key Points

• Overview of the 2013 Land Acquisition Act (LARR):
  • The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act (LARR), 2013 was introduced to replace the colonial-era Land Acquisition Act of 1894.
  • The Act aims to ensure fair compensation for landowners, safeguard the rights of affected families, and mandate rehabilitation and resettlement provisions.
  • It also seeks to balance development needs with the protection of marginalized communities and the environment.
• Social Impact Assessment (SIA):
  • The Act mandates a Social Impact Assessment (SIA) study before acquiring land for any project. This ensures that the impact on affected families, communities, and the environment is thoroughly analyzed.
  • The SIA includes public consultations and addresses concerns related to displacement, loss of livelihood, and environmental degradation.
  • This provision is crucial for promoting transparency and accountability in the land acquisition process.

Additional Information

• Analysis of Incorrect Options:
  • Option 1: No rehabilitation is needed for public projects:
    • This is incorrect. The 2013 LARR Act mandates rehabilitation and resettlement for affected families, even for public projects, as it recognizes the social and economic impact of displacement.
  • Option 3: Consent from affected Scheduled Tribes is optional:
    • This is incorrect. The Act specifically requires consent from affected Scheduled Tribes and other marginalized communities for certain types of projects, especially in areas governed under the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution.
  • Option 4: Land can be acquired without informing local authorities:
    • This is incorrect. The Act mandates that local authorities and stakeholders be informed and involved in the land acquisition process, ensuring transparency and accountability.

 Key Points

The Indian Act that makes it illegal to knowingly spread a computer virus is the Information Technology Act, of 2000.

This act was enacted to provide legal recognition for electronic transactions and to protect electronic data from unauthorized access, modification, and destruction.

Section 43 of the Information Technology Act, of 2000 specifically deals with penalties for damage to computer systems, and it includes provisions for punishing those who spread computer viruses.

• Section 43 deals with penalties for damage to computer systems and data.

• It includes provisions for punishing those who gain unauthorized access to a computer system, computer network, or computer resource.

• The section specifies punishment of imprisonment for up to three years and/or a fine of up to INR 500,000 (approximately USD 6,800) for offenses related to damage to computer systems, data, and networks.

• The section also allows for the payment of compensation for any loss or damage caused due to the offense.

• The punishment under Section 43 can be enhanced in case of repeat offenses or damage to critical infrastructure such as power grids or government computer systems

Therefore, the correct option is option 3) Information Technology Act, 2000.

​Important Points   Information Technology Act, 2000.

• The act defines various cyber crimes, which include hacking, phishing, identity theft, virus attacks, denial of service attacks, and distribution of obscene content, among others.
• The act provides legal provisions for the investigation and prosecution of these cyber crimes.
• Hacking is defined as gaining unauthorized access to a computer system, computer network, or computer resource.
• Phishing is defined as the act of fraudulently obtaining sensitive information such as passwords and credit card details by impersonating a trustworthy entity.
• Identity theft is defined as the act of fraudulently assuming another person's identity for financial gain.
• Virus attacks are defined as the act of intentionally spreading computer viruses to damage computer systems, data, and networks.
• Denial of service attacks is defined as the act of disrupting the normal functioning of a computer system or network by overwhelming it with traffic.

• The IT Act, of 2000 was enacted to provide legal recognition to electronic transactions, facilitate e-governance, and prevent cyber crimes in India.

• he acts specifies punishments for various offenses, which range from imprisonment for up to three years and/or a fine of up to INR 500,000 (approximately USD 6,800) for the first offense to imprisonment for up to ten years and/or a fine of up to INR 1 crore (approximately USD 138,000) for repeat offenses.

• The act also provides for the establishment of a Cyber Appellate Tribunal to hear appeals against orders passed by adjudicating officers appointed under the act.

In summary, the IT Act, of 2000 covers various types of cyber crimes such as hacking, phishing, identity theft, virus attacks, denial of service attacks, and distribution of obscene content, among others, and provides legal provisions for their investigation and prosecution.

Additional Information 

The Information Technology (Amendment) 2008 Act has been debated since it was passed by the Indian Parliament in December 2008, about a month after the terrorist attacks in Mumbai. The new IT Act empowers the Indian government to intercept, monitor, and decrypt computer systems, resources, and communication devices.

The objective of this Indian Penal Code is to provide a general Penal Code for India. Though this Code consolidates the whole of the law on the subject and is exhaustive on the matters in respect of which it declares the law, many more penal statutes governing various offenses have been created in addition to this code.

The correct answer is option 2.Key Points

• Section 25 of Rajasthan Rent Control Act 2001 deals with Inspection of premises.
• It says the landlord shall have a right to inspect the premises let out by him at day time after giving prior intimation of at least seven days to the tenant.
• However, such inspection shall not be carried out by the landlord more than once in three months.

The correct answer is option 3.Key Points

• Section 8 of Rajasthan Rent Control Act 2001 deals with Limited period tenancy.
• (l) A landlord may let out the premises for residential purposes for a limited period not exceeding three years.
• (2) In such cases the landlord and the proposed tenant shall submit a joint petition before the Rent Tribunal for permission to enter into the limited period tenancy and for grant of certificate for recovery of possession.
• (3) The rent tribunal shall grant permission immediately and issue certificate for recovery of possession of such premises executable on expiry of the period mentioned in the certificate. However, such permission shall not be granted for more than three times for the same premises:
  • Provided that the certificate for recovery of possession issued in this section shall lapse if petition for execution thereof has not been filed before the Tribunal within six months from the date such certificate becomes executable.

The correct answer is 'Collector'

Key Points

• The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013:
  • This Act aims to ensure fair compensation for landowners and transparency in land acquisition processes. It also provides guidelines for rehabilitation and resettlement of affected individuals.
  • Under the Act, if the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority determines that the compensation awarded earlier was insufficient, it can mandate payment of an excess amount with interest.
  • The responsibility to pay this interest on the excess amount lies with the Collector, who represents the government in land acquisition matters.
  • The Collector is the central authority involved in land acquisition and is tasked with determining compensation, ensuring compliance with the Act, and handling related financial obligations.

Additional Information

• Land Revenue Commissioner:
  • The Land Revenue Commissioner is primarily responsible for overseeing land revenue administration and related tasks, but they are not directly involved in paying interest on compensation under this Act.
  • This option is incorrect as the Act explicitly assigns this responsibility to the Collector.
• Revenue Divisional Officer:
  • The Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) handles administrative and revenue-related matters within a division but does not have the authority to pay interest on excess compensation as defined by the Act.
  • The RDO's role is subordinate to the Collector in land acquisition proceedings.
• Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority:
  • This Authority adjudicates disputes related to land acquisition and determines compensation, but it does not pay the interest itself.
  • Its role is to ensure legal compliance and transparency, not to disburse payments directly.

The correct answer is option 3. Key Points

• Section 19 of Rajasthan Rent Control Act 2001 deals with Appellate Rent Tribunal, Appeals and limitation thereof.
• (1) The State Government shall constitute such number of Appellate Rent Tribunals and at such places as may be deemed necessary by it, by notification in the Official Gazette.
• (2) Where two or more Appellate Rent Tribunals are constituted for any area, the State Government may, by general or special order, regulate the distribution of business among them.
• (3) An Appellate Rent Tribunal shall consist of one person only (hereinafter referred to as the Presiding Officer of the Appellate Rent Tribunal) to be appointed by the High Court.
• (4) No person shall be eligible to be appointed as Presiding Officer of the Appellate Rent Tribunal unless he is a member of the District judge cadre Service having not less than three years experience as such.
• (5) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), the High Court may authorise the Presiding Officer of one Appellate Rent Tribunal to discharge the functions of the Presiding Officer of the another Appellate Rent Tribunal also.
• (6) From every final order passed by the Rent Tribunal, an appeal shall lie to the Appellate Rent Tribunal, within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the premises is situated and such an appeal shall be filed within a period of sixty days from the date of final order alongwith copy of such final order.

सही उत्तर है - परिश्रम का फल अवश्य मिलता है। 

• जो परिश्रमी होते हैं भले ही सफलता उन्हें देर से मिले लेकिन एक दिन अवश्य अपनी मंजिल पाने में सफल होते हैं।
• इसलिए परिश्रम का फल अवश्य मिलता है। 

Key Points
इसी लोकोक्ति से मिलता कबीर का एक दोहा भी है - 

• जिन खोजा तिन पाइया, गहरे पानी पैठ, मैं बपुरा बूडन डरा, रहा किनारे बैठ।
• अर्थात -  जो प्रयत्न करते हैं, वे कुछ न कुछ वैसे ही पा ही लेते  हैं जैसे कोई मेहनत करने वाला गोताखोर गहरे पानी में जाता है और कुछ ले कर आता है. लेकिन कुछ बेचारे लोग ऐसे भी होते हैं जो डूबने के भय से किनारे पर ही बैठे रह जाते हैं और कुछ नहीं पाते.
• ​ बिना प्रयास के लाभ होने की स्थिति को वर्णित करने के लिए हिन्दी भाषा में एक लोकप्रिय लोकोक्ति है: "आम के आम गुठलियों के दाम"। इसका अर्थ है कि मुख्य लाभ के साथ-साथ अतिरिक्त लाभ भी प्राप्त हो रहा है, बिना अतिरिक्त प्रयास के।
• काम करने में शीघ्रता दिखाने को व्यक्त करने के लिए हिन्दी लोकोक्ति है: "हाथी के पाँव में सबका पाँव।" इसका अर्थ होता है कि किसी कार्य को बहुत तेजी से और प्रभावशाली ढंग से करना। लेकिन इसे सामान्यतः ताकत और प्रभाव के सन्दर्भ में ज्यादा प्रयोग किया जाता है, जो कि शीघ्रता को भी दर्शा सकता है क्योंकि ताकतवर व्यक्ति या संगठन त्वरित निर्णय ले सकते हैं।

The correct option is The premises belonging to the Government company as defined under the Companies Act, 1956.

Key Points

• Section 3 of the Rajasthan Rent Control Act of 2001, the Chapter II and III thereof do not apply to:
  • (i) to the new premises built or completed after the commencement of this Act and let out through a registered deed in which date of completion of such premises is mentioned;
  • (ii) to the premises existing at the commencement of this Act, if let out after such commencement for a period of five years or more through a registered deed and tenancy is not terminable before expiry of its duration at the option of the landlord;
  • (iii) to any premises let out for residential purposes before or after the commencement of this Act, the monthly rent whereof is-
    • (a) rupees seven thousand or more, in the case of the premises situated in the municipal area of Jaipur city;
    • (b) rupees four thousand or more, in the case of premises let out at places situated in the municipal areas comprising the Divisional Headquarters, Jodhpur, Ajmer, Kota, Udaipur and Bikaner;
    • (c) rupees two thousand or more, in the case of premises let out at places situated in the other municipal areas to which this Act extends for the time being;
  • (iv) to any premises belonging to or let out by the Central Government or the State Government or a Local authority;
  • (v) to any premises belonging to or let out by any body corporate constituted by a central Act or a Rajasthan Act;
  • (vi) to any premises belonging to a Government Company as defined under section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 (Central Act No. 43 of 1995);
  • (vii) to any premises belonging to the Devasthan Department of the State, Which are managed and controlled by the State Government or to any property of a Wakf, registered under Wakf Act, 1995 (Central Act No. 43 of 1995);
  • (viii) to any premises belonging to such religious, charitable or educational trust or class of such trusts as may be specified by the State Government by notification in the Official Gazette;
  • (ix) to any premises belonging to or vested in a University established by any law for the time being in force;
  • (x) to any premises let to banks, or any Public Sector Undertakings or any Corporation established by or under any Central or State Act, or multinational companies, and private limited companies or public limited companies having a paid up share capital of rupees one crore or more;
    • Explanation.- For the purpose of this clause the expression "bank" means,-
      • (i) the State Bank of India constituted under the State Bank of India Act, 1955 (Central Act No. 23 of 1955);
      • (ii) a subsidiary bank as defined in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (Central Act No. 38 of 1959);
      • (iii) a corresponding new bank constituted under section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (Central Act No. 5 of 1970) or under section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertaking) Act, 1980 (Central Act No. 40 of 1980);
      • (iv) any other bank, being a scheduled bank as defined in clause (e) of section 2 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (Central Act No. 2 of 1934);
  • (xi) to any premises let out to a citizen of a foreign country or to an Embassy, High Commission, Legation or other Body of a foreign State, or such international organization as may be specified by the State Government by notification in the Official Gazette.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points According to Section 10 of the Rajasthan Rent Control Act, 2001, a landlord is entitled to immediate possession of a residential property if they file a petition with the Rent Tribunal within a specific time frame:

• Within one year before or after their retirement, release, or discharge from the armed forces or paramilitary forces
• Within one year before or after their retirement from a central, state, or local government job, or from a state-owned corporation
• More than three years after the property was let out, if they are a senior citizen 

The correct answer is '3000'

Key Points

• About the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation, and Resettlement (LARR) Act, 2013:
  • The LARR Act, 2013, was enacted to ensure fair compensation, rehabilitation, and resettlement of families displaced due to land acquisition for public projects.
  • Its purpose is to balance the developmental needs of the country with the rights of affected individuals and communities.
• Provision for Subsistence Allowance:
  • The Act mandates that every affected family displaced from their acquired land is entitled to a subsistence allowance of Rs. 3000 per month for a period of 12 months.
  • This allowance is intended to support the basic livelihood needs of affected families during the transition period after displacement.
• Why Rs. 3000 is Correct:
  • As per the provisions in the LARR Act, Rs. 3000 per month is specifically mentioned as the subsistence allowance for displaced families.
  • Other amounts mentioned in the options do not align with the Act’s prescribed compensation amount for subsistence allowance.

Additional Information

• Incorrect Options Explained:
  • Option 1 (Rs. 2000): Rs. 2000 is not the prescribed amount for subsistence allowance under the LARR Act and is lower than the actual stipulated amount.
  • Option 3 (Rs. 5000): Rs. 5000 exceeds the amount mentioned in the Act and is not specified as the subsistence allowance.
  • Option 4 (Rs. 1000): Rs. 1000 is significantly lower than the prescribed amount, making it incorrect.
  • Option 5 (Blank): This is not a valid option as the Act explicitly mentions a defined amount for subsistence allowance.
• Additional Provisions of the LARR Act:
  • The Act also provides for other compensations, such as employment, housing, and annuity, depending on the nature of displacement and the project.
  • Special provisions are made for the Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), recognizing their unique vulnerabilities.

The correct answer is 'City survey officers'.

Key Points

• Role of City Survey Officers:
  • City survey officers are responsible for conducting land measurement and boundary verification in urban areas. Their primary role includes ensuring proper demarcation of land boundaries within cities.
  • They utilize advanced surveying tools and techniques such as GPS, total stations, and GIS to accurately measure land parcels and prepare maps or records.
  • They play a critical role in resolving disputes related to land boundaries and ensuring proper documentation of land ownership.
  • City survey officers work in coordination with municipal authorities and land revenue departments to maintain updated land records and prevent encroachments.

Additional Information

• Municipality Officers:
  • Municipality officers primarily focus on urban governance, civic amenities, waste management, and infrastructure development, but they are not directly responsible for land measurement or boundary determination.
  • While they may coordinate with city survey officers for urban planning, land measurement is not their specialized domain.
• Land Acquisition Officers:
  • Land acquisition officers deal with acquiring land for government or public purposes, such as infrastructure projects, under legal frameworks like the Land Acquisition Act.
  • They do not perform technical land measurement or boundary identification tasks, which fall under the purview of city survey officers.
• Law Enforcement Officers:
  • Law enforcement officers are responsible for maintaining law and order, crime prevention, and public safety, but they do not handle technical aspects of land measurement or boundary verification.
  • They may intervene in land disputes only from a legal enforcement perspective, not for surveying or measurement purposes.