International law MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for International law - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is '2021'

Key Points

• Global Climate Litigation Report by UNEP:
  • The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released its "Global Climate Litigation Report: 2021 Status Review" in 2021.
  • The report provides insights into the increasing use of litigation as a tool to advance climate action across the globe.
  • It highlights the growing number of climate-related lawsuits filed worldwide, emphasizing the role of courts in addressing climate change.
  • The report examines how litigation is being used to enforce climate commitments, hold governments and corporations accountable, and strengthen climate governance.
  • It serves as a resource for policymakers, legal professionals, and stakeholders to understand the evolving legal landscape surrounding climate change.

Additional Information

• Incorrect Options:
  • 2018: The UNEP did not release a climate litigation report in 2018. However, there were significant discussions around climate litigation in this year, paving the way for further studies.
  • 2019: While climate litigation was gaining momentum globally in 2019, UNEP did not release its "Global Climate Litigation Report" this year. Other environmental reports may have been published during this time.
  • 2015: This year marked the landmark Paris Agreement during COP21, a crucial event in climate action. However, UNEP’s focus in 2015 was primarily on supporting this agreement and other environmental initiatives rather than releasing this specific litigation report.
• Significance of Climate Litigation:
  • Climate litigation helps enforce accountability for environmental harm and ensures compliance with international agreements like the Paris Agreement.
  • It empowers citizens and organizations to challenge inadequate climate policies and push for stronger environmental protections.
  • Litigation can also influence corporate behavior, encouraging businesses to adopt sustainable practices and reduce carbon emissions.

The correct answer is 'In the rules'

Key Points

• Controlled delivery to a foreign country:
  • Controlled delivery is a law enforcement technique used to identify, arrest, and prosecute those involved in illegal activities, such as drug trafficking.
  • It involves allowing illicit or suspect consignments to pass through or into a country under the supervision of law enforcement agencies with the aim of gathering intelligence and evidence against criminal organizations.
  • The manner of undertaking controlled delivery to a foreign country is prescribed in the rules, ensuring that the process is standardized, regulated, and follows legal procedures.

Additional Information

• Government circular:
  • A government circular provides guidelines and information to government departments and agencies but does not have the binding legal force that rules created under statutory authority do.
• By the High Court:
  • The High Court can issue orders and judgments, but it does not typically prescribe detailed procedures for controlled deliveries, which are better regulated through specific rules.
• Through a bilateral agreement only:
  • Bilateral agreements between countries can facilitate international cooperation, but they do not replace the need for detailed domestic rules that govern the process of controlled deliveries.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• Controlled delivery to a foreign destination must be done in coordination with that country’s competent law enforcement or judicial authority, ensuring legality, operational success, and international cooperation. This safeguards the rights of all parties involved and enhances the effectiveness of cross-border crime-fighting efforts.
• In any international controlled delivery, consultation and coordination with the competent authority of the foreign country is essential and legally required. This ensures:

  • Legality

  • Operational success

  • Admissibility of evidence

  • Safety

  • Respect for international norms and sovereignty

The correct answer is ​Kushinagar.

Key Points

• The Mahaparinirvana Temple is located in Kushinagar.
• Kushinagar is a town in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
• The temple marks the site where it is believed that Lord Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana, or final nirvana, after his death.
• It is one of the most important pilgrimage sites for Buddhists around the world.
• The Mahaparinirvana Temple houses a reclining statue of Lord Buddha depicting him in the posture of attaining Mahaparinirvana.
• Pilgrims and tourists visit the temple to pay their respects and reflect on the teachings of Lord Buddha.

Additional Information

• Gautam Buddha achieved Nirvana (Enlightenment) on the banks of river Niranjana in Bodh Gaya.
  • He was known as Gautama Buddha and Tathagata (he who has attained the truth) after this.
• Gautam Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath.
  • It is called Dharma Chakra Pravartana or the Turning of the Wheel of Law.
• Lumbini in Nepal is the birthplace of Buddha.
• Buddha left his home at the age of 29 years to live a life of an ascetic which is known as Mahabhinishkramana (the great departure).  

The correct answer is Aryans.

Key Points

• Vedas:
  • A vast collection of religious writings with ancient Indian origins is known as the Vedas.
  • Written in Vedic Sanskrit, the books are the oldest body of Sanskrit literature and the earliest Hindu scriptures.
  • The Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda are the four Vedas.
  • Rig Veda composers describe themselves as Aryans.
  • Each Veda is divided into four sections:
    • The Samhitas, which contain mantras and benedictions
    • The Brahmanas, which explain and comment on rituals, ceremonies, and sacrifices (Yajnas)
    • The Aranyakas, which contain texts on these topics
    • The Upanishads, which contain texts on philosophy, meditation, and spiritual knowledge.

Additional Information Compostions of Kalidas And Valmiki:

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Key Points

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

• The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982 is an international agreement that establishes the legal framework for marine and maritime activities.
• It is also known as the Law of the Sea. It divides marine areas into five main zones namely- Internal Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the High Seas.
• Every state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined following this Convention. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• It is the only international convention which stipulates a framework for state jurisdiction in maritime spaces. It provides a different legal status to different maritime zones.
• The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• It provides the backbone for offshore governance by coastal states and those navigating the oceans.
• It not only zones coastal states’ offshore areas but also provides specific guidance for states’ rights and responsibilities in the five concentric zones.
• While UNCLOS has been signed and ratified by nearly all the coastal countries in the South China Sea, its interpretation is still hotly disputed.
• There is a maritime dispute in the East China Sea as well.
• The innocent passage has been codified in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) was adopted in 1982, it is also known as the Law of the Sea Treaty. Its purpose is to establish a comprehensive set of rules governing the oceans and to replace previous U.N. Conventions on the Law of the Sea, 1958 (UNCLOS I) which was adopted in 1958 and another in 1960 (UNCLOS II) since these two conventions were believed to be inadequate. 
• Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.

United Nations Organisation (UNO):

• The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries.
• The countries were committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, and promoting social progress, better living standards, and human rights.
• It was established with an aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations.
• On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations. 
• The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City and has other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague.

Hence, United Nations Organisation was established on 24 October 1945.

Additional Information

The main purpose of establishment:

• To keep peace throughout the world;
• To develop friendly relations among nations;
• To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease, and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms;
• To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals

The correct answer is Vatsa.

Key Points 

• In the 6th century BCE, there was a rise in the development of the Mahajanapada. 
• There were 16 Mahajanapadas during 600 B.C. to 325 B.C. in the Indian Sub-continent.
  • Capital of Vatsa- Kaushambi
  • Capital of Avanti- Ujjaini
  • Capital of Panchala- Ahichchhatra

The correct answer is Aryans.

Key Points

• Vedas:
  • A vast collection of religious writings with ancient Indian origins is known as the Vedas.
  • Written in Vedic Sanskrit, the books are the oldest body of Sanskrit literature and the earliest Hindu scriptures.
  • The Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda are the four Vedas.
  • Rig Veda composers describe themselves as Aryans.
  • Each Veda is divided into four sections:
    • The Samhitas, which contain mantras and benedictions
    • The Brahmanas, which explain and comment on rituals, ceremonies, and sacrifices (Yajnas)
    • The Aranyakas, which contain texts on these topics
    • The Upanishads, which contain texts on philosophy, meditation, and spiritual knowledge.

Additional Information Compostions of Kalidas And Valmiki:

The correct answer is Cambodia.

In News

•  Cambodia features Angkor Wat on its national flag.

Key Points

• Prior to 1863 the flag of the Kingdom of Cambodia was a yellow triangular pennant with a thick green border.
• In 1993 the original blue-red-blue horizontal triband with white three-towered Angkor Wat at the centre was adopted.
• The Coat of Arms of Cambodia was adopted in 1993.

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Key Points

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

• The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982 is an international agreement that establishes the legal framework for marine and maritime activities.
• It is also known as the Law of the Sea. It divides marine areas into five main zones namely- Internal Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the High Seas.
• Every state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined following this Convention. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• It is the only international convention which stipulates a framework for state jurisdiction in maritime spaces. It provides a different legal status to different maritime zones.
• The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• It provides the backbone for offshore governance by coastal states and those navigating the oceans.
• It not only zones coastal states’ offshore areas but also provides specific guidance for states’ rights and responsibilities in the five concentric zones.
• While UNCLOS has been signed and ratified by nearly all the coastal countries in the South China Sea, its interpretation is still hotly disputed.
• There is a maritime dispute in the East China Sea as well.
• The innocent passage has been codified in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) was adopted in 1982, it is also known as the Law of the Sea Treaty. Its purpose is to establish a comprehensive set of rules governing the oceans and to replace previous U.N. Conventions on the Law of the Sea, 1958 (UNCLOS I) which was adopted in 1958 and another in 1960 (UNCLOS II) since these two conventions were believed to be inadequate. 
• Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.

United Nations Organisation (UNO):

• The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries.
• The countries were committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, and promoting social progress, better living standards, and human rights.
• It was established with an aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations.
• On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations. 
• The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City and has other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague.

Hence, United Nations Organisation was established on 24 October 1945.

Additional Information

The main purpose of establishment:

• To keep peace throughout the world;
• To develop friendly relations among nations;
• To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease, and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms;
• To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals

The correct answer is Ravi.

Key PointsRavi:

• It is one of the five tributaries of the Indus River that give the Punjab (meaning “Five Rivers”) its name. Other tributaries are: Jhelum, Chenab, Beas and Sutlej.
• Transboundary River: It rises in the Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh (India) and flows to the Pakistani border and along it for more than 80 km before entering Pakistan’s Punjab province.
• Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about 24 km west of Sahiwal.
• The Bronze Age Harappan civilisation, now more often called the Indus Valley Civilisation, is named after the site, which takes its name from a modern village near the former course of the Ravi River, which now runs 8 km to the north.

Harappa:

• The site of the ancient city contains the ruins of a Bronze Age fortified city, which was part of the Harappan civilisation centred in Sindh and the Punjab.
• The city is believed to have had as many as 23,500 residents and occupied about 150 hectares (370 acres) with clay brick houses at its greatest extent during the Mature Harappan phase (2600 BC – 1900 BC), which is considered large for its time.
• Per the archaeological convention of naming a previously unknown civilisation by its first excavated site, the Indus Valley Civilisation is also called the Harappan Civilisation.
• The ancient city of Harappa was heavily damaged under British and French rule, when bricks from the ruins were used as track ballast in the construction of the Lahore–Multan Railway.

The correct answer is ​Kushinagar.

Key Points

• The Mahaparinirvana Temple is located in Kushinagar.
• Kushinagar is a town in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
• The temple marks the site where it is believed that Lord Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana, or final nirvana, after his death.
• It is one of the most important pilgrimage sites for Buddhists around the world.
• The Mahaparinirvana Temple houses a reclining statue of Lord Buddha depicting him in the posture of attaining Mahaparinirvana.
• Pilgrims and tourists visit the temple to pay their respects and reflect on the teachings of Lord Buddha.

Additional Information

• Gautam Buddha achieved Nirvana (Enlightenment) on the banks of river Niranjana in Bodh Gaya.
  • He was known as Gautama Buddha and Tathagata (he who has attained the truth) after this.
• Gautam Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath.
  • It is called Dharma Chakra Pravartana or the Turning of the Wheel of Law.
• Lumbini in Nepal is the birthplace of Buddha.
• Buddha left his home at the age of 29 years to live a life of an ascetic which is known as Mahabhinishkramana (the great departure).