Human Rights MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Human Rights - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is International Bill of Rights for Women.

Key Points

• CEDAW stands for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly.
• CEDAW is often referred to as the International Bill of Rights for Women because it comprehensively addresses gender discrimination and promotes gender equality globally.
• The treaty obliges signatory states to ensure women's equal rights in areas like education, employment, healthcare, marriage, and political participation.
• As of 2023, CEDAW has been ratified by 189 countries, making it one of the most widely endorsed human rights treaties.
• Countries that ratify CEDAW commit to submitting periodic reports to the CEDAW Committee on legislative, judicial, and administrative measures taken to uphold women's rights.

Additional Information

• Key Articles of CEDAW:
  • Article 1: Defines discrimination against women and outlines measures to eliminate it.
  • Article 5: Calls for modifying social and cultural patterns to eradicate prejudices and stereotypes.
  • Article 10: Ensures equal access to education for women and girls.
  • Article 11: Guarantees women's rights in employment, including equal pay and maternity protection.
• CEDAW Optional Protocol:
  • Adopted in 1999, the optional protocol allows individuals or groups to file complaints about violations of rights protected under CEDAW.
  • It also grants the CEDAW Committee authority to conduct inquiries into grave or systematic abuses of women's rights.
• India and CEDAW:
  • India ratified CEDAW in 1993, committing to uphold gender equality and eliminate discrimination against women.
  • Despite ratification, challenges persist in implementing certain provisions due to socio-cultural barriers.
• CEDAW Committee:
  • Composed of 23 independent experts, the committee oversees the implementation of the convention.
  • It reviews periodic reports submitted by states and provides recommendations for improvement.

The correct answer is Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.

Key Points

• CEDAW stands for Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979.
• It is often referred to as the International Bill of Rights for Women, aimed at promoting gender equality globally.
• CEDAW requires signatory nations to eliminate discrimination against women in all forms, including political, social, economic, and cultural spheres.
• Countries that ratify CEDAW are legally bound to ensure equal opportunities and rights for women by implementing the provisions outlined in the convention.
• CEDAW also establishes the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, which monitors the progress of nations in implementing the convention.

Additional Information

• Key Provisions of CEDAW:
  • Ensuring women’s rights to vote, hold public office, and participate in public life.
  • Eliminating discrimination in education, employment, healthcare, and marriage rights.
  • Preventing gender-based violence and trafficking of women.
• CEDAW Adoption and Ratification:
  • CEDAW was adopted on 18 December 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly.
  • It came into force on 3 September 1981 after being ratified by 20 countries.
  • As of today, 189 countries are parties to CEDAW.
• India’s Role:
  • India ratified CEDAW on 9 July 1993, committing to eliminate discrimination against women.
  • India introduced several policies and laws, including the Domestic Violence Act (2005) and Maternity Benefit Act (2017), to align with CEDAW principles.
• Challenges in Implementation:
  • Many countries face cultural, social, and political barriers in fully implementing CEDAW provisions.
  • The monitoring committee often highlights gaps in enforcement and recommends reforms.

The correct answer is 'Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.'

Key Points

• Concept of Intersectionality:
  • Intersectionality is a framework for understanding how various forms of inequality and discrimination overlap and intersect, particularly in the experiences of marginalized individuals or groups.
  • It was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, highlighting how different aspects of identity (e.g., race, gender, socioeconomic status) interact to create unique experiences of oppression and privilege.
  • In the context of domestic violence, intersectionality helps in analyzing how women from different backgrounds experience violence differently due to the overlapping nature of their identities.
• Reason (R) Explanation:
  • The Reason (R) states that intersectionality examines multiple forms of discrimination and disadvantages, which can include race, gender, and socioeconomic status.
  • This explanation is directly relevant to understanding the Assertion (A) because it provides the foundational reasoning behind why intersectionality is crucial in understanding varied experiences of domestic violence among women.

Additional Information

• Other Options:
  • Option 2: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. This is incorrect because R directly explains why intersectionality is crucial in understanding the varied experiences of domestic violence among women.
  • Option 3: A is true, but R is false. This is incorrect as both A and R are true and logically connected.
  • Option 4: A is false, but R is true. This is incorrect because A is a valid assertion supported by R.
• Importance of Intersectionality in Social Sciences:
  • Intersectionality allows for a more nuanced analysis of social issues and helps in formulating policies and interventions that address the specific needs of diverse groups.
  • It challenges the one-size-fits-all approach and recognizes the complexity of individual experiences shaped by multiple, intersecting factors.

The correct answer is '4, 2, 1, 3'

Key Points

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948):
  • Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948.
  • It is a milestone document in the history of human rights, proclaiming the inalienable rights which everyone is entitled to as a human being.
  • It includes rights that are applicable to all individuals, regardless of their gender.
• Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (1979):
  • Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1979.
  • Often described as an international bill of rights for women, it defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination.
• Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993):
  • Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1993.
  • It recognizes the urgent need for the universal application to women of the rights and principles with regard to equality, security, liberty, integrity, and dignity of all human beings.
• Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995):
  • Adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995.
  • It is an agenda for women's empowerment and is considered the key global policy document on gender equality.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (4, 1, 2, 3):
  • This option is incorrect as it places the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women before CEDAW, which is not the correct chronological order.
• Option 3 (4, 3, 2, 1):
  • This option is incorrect as it places the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action before CEDAW and the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women.
• Option 4 (2, 4, 1, 3):
  • This option is incorrect as it places CEDAW before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is not the correct chronological order.

The correct answer is Gender-based violence.

Key Points

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive and significant barrier to women's rights around the world. It encompasses a range of harmful acts directed at individuals based on their gender, primarily affecting women and girls. Here’s a deeper look at why GBV is a critical issue in the context of women's rights:

• Widespread Prevalence: GBV affects millions of women globally, manifesting in forms such as domestic violence, sexual assault, trafficking, and harmful practices like female genital mutilation and child marriage. The widespread nature of these acts creates a culture of fear and oppression, significantly limiting women's autonomy and freedom.
• Impact on Health and Well-being: Experiencing GBV has severe physical and psychological consequences. It can lead to injuries, chronic health issues, mental health disorders, and even death. The trauma associated with such violence can hinder women’s ability to participate fully in society, impacting their education, employment, and social interactions.
• Socioeconomic Consequences: GBV has broader social and economic implications. It can reduce women's participation in the workforce, increase healthcare costs, and lead to long-term social instability. Societies with high rates of GBV often struggle with other forms of inequality and injustice.
• Barrier to Equality: Gender-based violence is fundamentally rooted in power imbalances and societal norms that devalue women. It reinforces gender inequality, making it challenging for women to claim their rights in other areas, such as education, employment, and political participation. Until GBV is addressed, women's rights in other domains remain compromised.

The correct answer is International Bill of Rights for Women.

Key Points

• CEDAW stands for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly.
• CEDAW is often referred to as the International Bill of Rights for Women because it comprehensively addresses gender discrimination and promotes gender equality globally.
• The treaty obliges signatory states to ensure women's equal rights in areas like education, employment, healthcare, marriage, and political participation.
• As of 2023, CEDAW has been ratified by 189 countries, making it one of the most widely endorsed human rights treaties.
• Countries that ratify CEDAW commit to submitting periodic reports to the CEDAW Committee on legislative, judicial, and administrative measures taken to uphold women's rights.

Additional Information

• Key Articles of CEDAW:
  • Article 1: Defines discrimination against women and outlines measures to eliminate it.
  • Article 5: Calls for modifying social and cultural patterns to eradicate prejudices and stereotypes.
  • Article 10: Ensures equal access to education for women and girls.
  • Article 11: Guarantees women's rights in employment, including equal pay and maternity protection.
• CEDAW Optional Protocol:
  • Adopted in 1999, the optional protocol allows individuals or groups to file complaints about violations of rights protected under CEDAW.
  • It also grants the CEDAW Committee authority to conduct inquiries into grave or systematic abuses of women's rights.
• India and CEDAW:
  • India ratified CEDAW in 1993, committing to uphold gender equality and eliminate discrimination against women.
  • Despite ratification, challenges persist in implementing certain provisions due to socio-cultural barriers.
• CEDAW Committee:
  • Composed of 23 independent experts, the committee oversees the implementation of the convention.
  • It reviews periodic reports submitted by states and provides recommendations for improvement.

The correct answer is Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.

Key Points

• CEDAW stands for Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979.
• It is often referred to as the International Bill of Rights for Women, aimed at promoting gender equality globally.
• CEDAW requires signatory nations to eliminate discrimination against women in all forms, including political, social, economic, and cultural spheres.
• Countries that ratify CEDAW are legally bound to ensure equal opportunities and rights for women by implementing the provisions outlined in the convention.
• CEDAW also establishes the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, which monitors the progress of nations in implementing the convention.

Additional Information

• Key Provisions of CEDAW:
  • Ensuring women’s rights to vote, hold public office, and participate in public life.
  • Eliminating discrimination in education, employment, healthcare, and marriage rights.
  • Preventing gender-based violence and trafficking of women.
• CEDAW Adoption and Ratification:
  • CEDAW was adopted on 18 December 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly.
  • It came into force on 3 September 1981 after being ratified by 20 countries.
  • As of today, 189 countries are parties to CEDAW.
• India’s Role:
  • India ratified CEDAW on 9 July 1993, committing to eliminate discrimination against women.
  • India introduced several policies and laws, including the Domestic Violence Act (2005) and Maternity Benefit Act (2017), to align with CEDAW principles.
• Challenges in Implementation:
  • Many countries face cultural, social, and political barriers in fully implementing CEDAW provisions.
  • The monitoring committee often highlights gaps in enforcement and recommends reforms.

The correct answer is '10th December each year'

Key Points

• Human Rights Day:
  • Human Rights Day is observed annually on 10th December.
  • This date was chosen to honor the United Nations General Assembly's adoption and proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) on 10th December 1948.
  • The UDHR is a milestone document that proclaims the inalienable rights which everyone is entitled to as a human being, regardless of race, color, religion, sex, language, political or other opinions, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status.

Additional Information

• 20th December:
  • 20th December is not associated with Human Rights Day but is observed as International Human Solidarity Day.
• 1st December:
  • 1st December is observed as World AIDS Day, dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused by the spread of HIV infection.
• 31st December:
  • 31st December is New Year's Eve and is not associated with Human Rights Day.

The correct answer is '2006'

Key Points

• Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act:
  • The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA) is a comprehensive legislation enacted to protect women from domestic violence.
  • This Act aims to provide immediate and effective protection and relief to women who are victims of domestic violence.
  • The PWDVA came into force on October 26, 2006.

Additional Information

• Other Options and Why They Are Incorrect:
  • 2005: While the PWDVA was passed in Parliament in 2005, it officially came into force in 2006, making 2005 an incorrect option.
  • 2007: The Act was already in force by 2006, so 2007 is not the correct year.
  • 2008: Similarly, the Act was in effect well before 2008, making this option incorrect.
• Significance of the Act:
  • The PWDVA provides a legal framework for the protection of women from various forms of domestic violence, including physical, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse.
  • The Act also allows for the provision of shelter, medical facilities, and legal aid to the victims.
  • It emphasizes a victim-centric approach, ensuring that the rights and safety of women are prioritized.

The correct answer is International Bill of Rights for Women.

Key Points

• CEDAW stands for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly.
• CEDAW is often referred to as the International Bill of Rights for Women because it comprehensively addresses gender discrimination and promotes gender equality globally.
• The treaty obliges signatory states to ensure women's equal rights in areas like education, employment, healthcare, marriage, and political participation.
• As of 2023, CEDAW has been ratified by 189 countries, making it one of the most widely endorsed human rights treaties.
• Countries that ratify CEDAW commit to submitting periodic reports to the CEDAW Committee on legislative, judicial, and administrative measures taken to uphold women's rights.

Additional Information

• Key Articles of CEDAW:
  • Article 1: Defines discrimination against women and outlines measures to eliminate it.
  • Article 5: Calls for modifying social and cultural patterns to eradicate prejudices and stereotypes.
  • Article 10: Ensures equal access to education for women and girls.
  • Article 11: Guarantees women's rights in employment, including equal pay and maternity protection.
• CEDAW Optional Protocol:
  • Adopted in 1999, the optional protocol allows individuals or groups to file complaints about violations of rights protected under CEDAW.
  • It also grants the CEDAW Committee authority to conduct inquiries into grave or systematic abuses of women's rights.
• India and CEDAW:
  • India ratified CEDAW in 1993, committing to uphold gender equality and eliminate discrimination against women.
  • Despite ratification, challenges persist in implementing certain provisions due to socio-cultural barriers.
• CEDAW Committee:
  • Composed of 23 independent experts, the committee oversees the implementation of the convention.
  • It reviews periodic reports submitted by states and provides recommendations for improvement.

The correct answer is ​Right to vote.

Key Points

The women's suffrage movement was a social and political campaign aimed at securing the right to vote for women. This movement played a crucial role in advancing women's rights and achieving greater political equality. Here’s a detailed look at the significance of this movement and the right to vote:

• Historical Context: The suffrage movement gained momentum in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Women around the world organized rallies, marches, and advocacy efforts to demand their right to participate in the democratic process. Key figures such as Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Emmeline Pankhurst were instrumental in these efforts.
• Empowerment Through Voting: Granting women the right to vote was a significant step toward gender equality. It empowered women to influence laws and policies that directly affected their lives, including issues related to education, healthcare, labor rights, and family law. Voting gave women a voice in shaping the society they lived in.
• Global Impact: The suffrage movement led to changes in many countries. For example, New Zealand became the first self-governing country to grant women the right to vote in 1893. Many other countries followed suit, especially after World War I, as women’s contributions to the war effort highlighted their capabilities and rights.
• Foundation for Further Rights: The right to vote was a foundational element in the broader struggle for women's rights. Once women gained suffrage, it paved the way for further advancements in rights and opportunities, including equal access to education and employment, reproductive rights, and protections against discrimination.

The correct answer is 'NITI Aayog'

Key Points

• NITI Aayog:
  • NITI Aayog, the National Institution for Transforming India, is responsible for launching platforms and initiatives to promote entrepreneurship across various sectors, including for women.
  • It plays a significant role in policy-making and innovation in the country, aiming to empower various segments of the society including women entrepreneurs through support systems, policy recommendations, and by fostering an enabling ecosystem.

Additional Information

• National Small Industries Corporation:
  • Focuses on aiding the growth and development of small industries across India through various services and support mechanisms but is not directly responsible for launching a women entrepreneurship platform.
• Ministry of Finance:
  • While it plays a crucial role in the financial policies and support mechanisms for various sectors, including schemes that could benefit women entrepreneurs, the Ministry of Finance does not directly launch platforms for women entrepreneurship.
• Ministry of Commerce:
  • Involved in the promotion of international and domestic trade and commerce, the Ministry of Commerce has initiatives to support businesses but does not specifically launch platforms focused on women entrepreneurship.

Women in higher position have larger income gap with men then do the women in lower position

Key Points

• Glass Ceiling:
  • The term "glass ceiling" refers to an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the highest levels in their careers, regardless of their qualifications or achievements.
  • This phenomenon is often observed in corporate environments where women find it difficult to move into senior management roles.
• Income Disparity:
  • Studies have shown that the income gap between men and women tends to widen as women ascend to higher positions within their careers.
  • This means that women in senior roles often face a larger income disparity compared to their male counterparts than women in lower or entry-level positions.

Additional Information

• Option 2: Women see large income gap with men regardless of their career level:
  • This option is incorrect because it suggests that the income gap is consistent across all career levels, which is not typically the case. The gap tends to be more pronounced at higher levels.
• Option 3: Women find income gap than man irrespective of their position:
  • This is similar to Option 2 and is also incorrect for the same reasons. The income gap is generally more significant at higher career levels.
• Option 4: Women find income gap approximately the same as men in almost every career field:
  • This is incorrect because it suggests parity in income gaps, which is not supported by research. Women often face larger gaps at higher levels.

The correct answer is Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.

Key Points

• CEDAW stands for Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979.
• It is often referred to as the International Bill of Rights for Women, aimed at promoting gender equality globally.
• CEDAW requires signatory nations to eliminate discrimination against women in all forms, including political, social, economic, and cultural spheres.
• Countries that ratify CEDAW are legally bound to ensure equal opportunities and rights for women by implementing the provisions outlined in the convention.
• CEDAW also establishes the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, which monitors the progress of nations in implementing the convention.

Additional Information

• Key Provisions of CEDAW:
  • Ensuring women’s rights to vote, hold public office, and participate in public life.
  • Eliminating discrimination in education, employment, healthcare, and marriage rights.
  • Preventing gender-based violence and trafficking of women.
• CEDAW Adoption and Ratification:
  • CEDAW was adopted on 18 December 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly.
  • It came into force on 3 September 1981 after being ratified by 20 countries.
  • As of today, 189 countries are parties to CEDAW.
• India’s Role:
  • India ratified CEDAW on 9 July 1993, committing to eliminate discrimination against women.
  • India introduced several policies and laws, including the Domestic Violence Act (2005) and Maternity Benefit Act (2017), to align with CEDAW principles.
• Challenges in Implementation:
  • Many countries face cultural, social, and political barriers in fully implementing CEDAW provisions.
  • The monitoring committee often highlights gaps in enforcement and recommends reforms.

The correct answer is 'Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.'

Key Points

• Concept of Intersectionality:
  • Intersectionality is a framework for understanding how various forms of inequality and discrimination overlap and intersect, particularly in the experiences of marginalized individuals or groups.
  • It was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, highlighting how different aspects of identity (e.g., race, gender, socioeconomic status) interact to create unique experiences of oppression and privilege.
  • In the context of domestic violence, intersectionality helps in analyzing how women from different backgrounds experience violence differently due to the overlapping nature of their identities.
• Reason (R) Explanation:
  • The Reason (R) states that intersectionality examines multiple forms of discrimination and disadvantages, which can include race, gender, and socioeconomic status.
  • This explanation is directly relevant to understanding the Assertion (A) because it provides the foundational reasoning behind why intersectionality is crucial in understanding varied experiences of domestic violence among women.

Additional Information

• Other Options:
  • Option 2: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. This is incorrect because R directly explains why intersectionality is crucial in understanding the varied experiences of domestic violence among women.
  • Option 3: A is true, but R is false. This is incorrect as both A and R are true and logically connected.
  • Option 4: A is false, but R is true. This is incorrect because A is a valid assertion supported by R.
• Importance of Intersectionality in Social Sciences:
  • Intersectionality allows for a more nuanced analysis of social issues and helps in formulating policies and interventions that address the specific needs of diverse groups.
  • It challenges the one-size-fits-all approach and recognizes the complexity of individual experiences shaped by multiple, intersecting factors.