Science Technology and Inventions MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Science Technology and Inventions - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Motherboard.

• Motherboard:
  • It is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems.
  • It allocates power and allows communication between, many of the electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and all other hardware components.
• Peripheral card:
  • It is a supporting device used to put information into and get information out of the computer.
  • Some of the categories of peripheral devices based on their relationship with the computer:
    • An input device sends data or instructions to the computer, such as a mouse, keyboard, graphics tablet, image scanner etc.
    • An output device provides output from the computer, such as a computer monitor, projector, printer, headphones and computer speaker etc.
    • An input/output device performs both input and output functions, such as a computer data storage device e.g - disk drive, USB flash drive, memory card and tape drive.
• SCSI:
  • It stands for Small Computer System Interface.
  • It is a set of parallel interface standards developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for attaching printers, disk drives, scanners and other peripherals to computers.
• Port:
  • It is a physical docking point using which an external device can be connected to the computer.
  • It can also be programmatic docking point through which information flows from a program to the computer or over the Internet.
  • External devices attached via ports are the mouse, keyboard, monitor, microphone, speakers, etc.

The correct answer is Crescograph.

Key Points

• A Crescograph is an instrument used to measure the growth rate of plants.
• It was invented by Indian scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose, who is renowned for his pioneering work in plant physiology.
• The device can magnify plant growth up to 10,000 times, allowing precise measurement of minute growth changes.
• The Crescograph primarily works by recording changes in plant length or girth over time, using a lever system or electronic sensors.
• This instrument has helped establish the concept that plants respond to external stimuli, similar to living beings.

Additional Information

• Jagadish Chandra Bose:
  • He was a physicist, biologist, botanist, and inventor, known for his contributions to plant physiology and wireless communication.
  • Bose demonstrated that plants have life and can feel sensations using instruments like the Crescograph.
• Plant Growth Measurement:
  • Plant growth is typically measured in terms of changes in height, girth, or biomass over time.
  • Advanced techniques use sensors, lasers, and imaging systems for real-time monitoring.
• Other Instruments for Plant Studies:
  • Photosynthesis Meter: Measures the rate of photosynthesis in plants.
  • Chlorophyll Meter: Determines the chlorophyll content in plant leaves.
  • Soil Moisture Sensor: Monitors water content in the soil for plant growth analysis.
• Applications of Crescograph:
  • Used in research to understand plant responses to various stimuli like light, temperature, and chemicals.
  • Helps in studying the impact of environmental factors on plant growth.

The correct answer is Chandrayan I.

Key Points

• Chandrayaan-1 was India's first mission to Moon.
  • It was launched successfully on October 22, 2008, from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota.
  • The spacecraft was orbiting around the Moon at a height of 100 km from the lunar surface for chemical, mineralogical, and photo-geologic mapping of the Moon.
  • The spacecraft carried 11 scientific instruments built in India, USA, UK, Germany, Sweden, and Bulgaria.
  • After the successful completion of all the major mission objectives, the orbit has been raised to 200 km during May 2009.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e. Extranet.

• Extranet refers to a network within an organization, using the internet to connect to the outsiders in a controlled manner.
• It helps to connect businesses with their customers and suppliers and therefore allows working in a collaborative manner.
• It is implemented as a Virtual Private Networks (VPN) because it uses the internet to connect to corporate organization and there is always a threat to information security.
• VPN offers a secure network in public infrastructure.

The correct answer is 2008.Key Points 

• Chandrayaan 1
  • It was launched on 22 Oct 2008 from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
  • It was the first Indian mission to The Moon.
  • The launch vehicle was PSLV-C11.
• Chandrayaan-2 was launched by GSLV Mk III-M1 launch vehicle on 22 July 2019 from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.​

Additional Information 

• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) (As of April 2022)
  • Headquarters – Bengaluru
  • Founder – Vikram Sarabhai
  • It was formed in 1969.
  • It contributes to space sciences, atmospheric science, astrophysics, astronomy, remote sensing, etc. under the aegis of the Department of Space.

• The first pico satellite of India is STUDSAT.
• STUDSAT stands as an acronym for Student Satellite.
• It is the first pico-satellite developed in the country by a consortium of seven engineering colleges from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
• The mission is an experimental one and was launched on 12^th July 2010.
• The satellite, since it was a pico satellite, weighs less than 1 kg.
• The satellite was placed in the polar sun synchronous orbit.
• The satellite had the primary objective of promoting space technology in educational institutions and encouraging research and development in miniaturized satellites.
• The satellite and the project also aimed to establish a communication link between the satellite and ground station.
• The satellite also captured the image of earth with a resolution of 90 meters and transmitted the payload and telemetry data to the earth station.

The correct answer is Query language.

Key Points

The various generations of computers are listed below:

The correct answer is Gaganyaan

• Mission Gaganyaan has been dubbed as 'India's maiden human spaceflight program'.
• India is planning to send the astronauts into space by 2025.
• Under the Gaganyaan schedule, three flights will be sent in orbit.
• Of the three, there will be two unmanned flights and one human spaceflight.
• The human space flight program, called the Orbital Module will have three Indian astronauts, including a woman.

CONCEPT:

Galvanometer:

• A galvanometer is used for detecting current in an electric circuit.
• The galvanometer is the device used for detecting the presence of small currents and voltage or for measuring their magnitude.
• The galvanometer is mainly used in the bridges and potentiometer where they indicate the null deflection or zero current.
• The potentiometer is based on the premise that the current sustaining coil is kept between the magnetic field experiences a torque.

EXPLANATION:

• From the above, it is clear that the galvanometer is the instrument used for detecting the presence of electric current in a circuit. Therefore option 1^st is correct.

​Additional Information 

Difference between Ammeter and Galvanometer:

• The ammeter shows only the magnitude of the current.
• The galvanometer shows both the direction and magnitude of the current.

The correct answer is Maitri.

Key Points

• The Indian Antarctic Programme, 1981-82
  • ​The programme was initiated in 1981 with a selected team of 21 members under the leadership of Dr S Z Qasim, Secretary of Department of Environment and former Director of National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) with the aim of conducting scientific research in the frozen continent.
• Under the environmental protocol of the Antarctic Treaty (1959), India has set up three research stations up till now.
• Dakshin Gangotri
  • The first Indian scientific research base station was established in Antarctica as part of the third Antarctic programme
  • Located at a distance of 2,500 kilometres from the South Pole, it was established in 1983-84. This was the first time an Indian team spent a winter in Antarctica to carry out scientific work
  • In 1989, it was excavated and is being used again as a supply base and transit camp.
  • Dakshin Gangotri took eight weeks to be built by an 81-member team, with the construction complete by January 1984. Indian army helped build it
• Maitri:
  • ​In the year 1988, an ice-free, rocky area on the Schirmacher Oasis was selected to build the second research station named Maitri.
  • The building was erected on steel stilts and has stood the test of time -- conducting experiments in geology, geography and medicine.
• Bharati:
  • ​Located beside Larsmann Hill, about 3000 km east of Maitri, Bharati was established in 2012.
  • It is located between Thala Fjord & Quilty bay, east of Stornes Peninsula in Antarctica.

The correct answer is X-Rays.

Key Points

• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was a German mechanical engineer and physicist born in 27^th March 1845.
• In 1901, he awarded the first Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of X-Rays.
• This X-ray tube became a frequently used instrument in medicine after this discovery.

Additional Information

•  Thomas Alva Edison invented Electric Bulb and Gramophone.
• Sadi Carnot is the father of Thermodynamics.
  • Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation, and physical properties of matter.
  • The four laws of Thermodynamics are; Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics and Third Law of Thermodynamics.
• Conservation of Electric Charge: Charge is neither created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred from one system to another.
• Unit of charge is Coulomb.

The correct answer is APPLE.

• The first Indian Communication satellite is APPLE.

Key Points

• Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE):
  • It was an experimental communication satellite successfully launched by Ariane-1, from French Guiana on June 19, 1981.
  • It was India's first communication satellite.
  • The satellite provided experience in building and operating a payload experiment three-axis stabilized communication satellite.

Additional Information

• Rohini RS-1 was India’s first indigenous satellite launch.
  • It was used for measuring the in-flight performance of the second experimental launch of SLV-3.
  • It was launched on 18 July 1980.
• Aryabhatta:
  • It was India’s first satellite.
  • It was launched on 19 April 1975 using u-11 Interkosmos.
• Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM):
  • The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally called Mangalyaan is India’s first Mars orbiter.
  • It was launched on 5 November 2013.

The correct answer is 1983.

Key Points

• INSAT-1B was an Indian communications satellite.
• INSAT-1B is the second satellite in the INSAT-1 series.
• It was the first operational satellite in the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) series.
• It was successfully launched by Space Shuttle of the USA in 1983.
• It was manufactured by Ford Aerospace.
• INSAT-1B was launched on 30 August 1983.
• It was operational till July 1990.

The correct answer is Lichens.

Key Points

• Lichens, are formed from the combination of algae and Fungi.
• In this symbiotic relation- algae helps in the food and nutrient availability, and fungi in turn provides shelter to algae.