Science Technology and Inventions MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Science Technology and Inventions - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Aryabhatta was the first Indian satellite, named after the famous Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata.
• It was launched by India on 19 April 1975 from the Soviet Union's Kapustin Yar launch site.
• The satellite was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and marked India's entry into the space age.
• Aryabhatta was primarily designed for conducting experiments in space science, including astronomy and solar physics.
• The satellite operated successfully for five days before losing communication due to a technical issue in its onboard systems.

Additional Information

• Indian Space Programme:
  • India's space programme is spearheaded by ISRO, which was established in 1969.
  • The programme focuses on satellite development, space exploration, and scientific experiments.
  • India has made significant advancements, including the launch of Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) and Chandrayaan missions.
• Soviet Collaboration:
  • The launch of Aryabhatta was facilitated by India's collaboration with the Soviet Union.
  • This partnership allowed India to leverage Soviet expertise and technology during the initial stages of its space programme.
• Satellite Design:
  • Aryabhatta had a hexagonal shape and was equipped with scientific instruments for space research.
  • The satellite weighed approximately 360 kilograms and was powered by solar panels.
• Impact on Indian Space Science:
  • The successful launch of Aryabhatta was a milestone in India's technological and scientific progress.
  • It paved the way for future satellite missions and established India as a capable player in the global space arena.

The correct answer is Query language.

Key Points

The various generations of computers are listed below:

The correct answer is Alan Turing.

Key Points

• Alan Turing is known as the father of the modern computer.
• He invented the Turing machine which is responsible for the concept of algorithms and computations.
• He was born on June 23, 1912, in England

Additional Information

• Category of ROM: PROM, EPROM, EEPROM etc.
• Programmable read-only memory (PROM), or one-time programmable ROM (OTP), can be written to or programmed via a special device called a PROM programmer
• Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) can be erased by exposure to strong ultraviolet light, then rewritten with a process that again needs higher than usual voltage applied
• Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) is based on a similar semiconductor structure to EPROM but allows its entire contents to be electrically erased, then rewritten electrically, so that they need not be removed from the computer

• The first pico satellite of India is STUDSAT.
• STUDSAT stands as an acronym for Student Satellite.
• It is the first pico-satellite developed in the country by a consortium of seven engineering colleges from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
• The mission is an experimental one and was launched on 12^th July 2010.
• The satellite, since it was a pico satellite, weighs less than 1 kg.
• The satellite was placed in the polar sun synchronous orbit.
• The satellite had the primary objective of promoting space technology in educational institutions and encouraging research and development in miniaturized satellites.
• The satellite and the project also aimed to establish a communication link between the satellite and ground station.
• The satellite also captured the image of earth with a resolution of 90 meters and transmitted the payload and telemetry data to the earth station.

The correct answer is Query language.

Key Points

The various generations of computers are listed below:

The correct answer is Gaganyaan

• Mission Gaganyaan has been dubbed as 'India's maiden human spaceflight program'.
• India is planning to send the astronauts into space by 2025.
• Under the Gaganyaan schedule, three flights will be sent in orbit.
• Of the three, there will be two unmanned flights and one human spaceflight.
• The human space flight program, called the Orbital Module will have three Indian astronauts, including a woman.

CONCEPT:

Galvanometer:

• A galvanometer is used for detecting current in an electric circuit.
• The galvanometer is the device used for detecting the presence of small currents and voltage or for measuring their magnitude.
• The galvanometer is mainly used in the bridges and potentiometer where they indicate the null deflection or zero current.
• The potentiometer is based on the premise that the current sustaining coil is kept between the magnetic field experiences a torque.

EXPLANATION:

• From the above, it is clear that the galvanometer is the instrument used for detecting the presence of electric current in a circuit. Therefore option 1^st is correct.

​Additional Information 

Difference between Ammeter and Galvanometer:

• The ammeter shows only the magnitude of the current.
• The galvanometer shows both the direction and magnitude of the current.

The correct answer is Maitri.

Key Points

• The Indian Antarctic Programme, 1981-82
  • ​The programme was initiated in 1981 with a selected team of 21 members under the leadership of Dr S Z Qasim, Secretary of Department of Environment and former Director of National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) with the aim of conducting scientific research in the frozen continent.
• Under the environmental protocol of the Antarctic Treaty (1959), India has set up three research stations up till now.
• Dakshin Gangotri
  • The first Indian scientific research base station was established in Antarctica as part of the third Antarctic programme
  • Located at a distance of 2,500 kilometres from the South Pole, it was established in 1983-84. This was the first time an Indian team spent a winter in Antarctica to carry out scientific work
  • In 1989, it was excavated and is being used again as a supply base and transit camp.
  • Dakshin Gangotri took eight weeks to be built by an 81-member team, with the construction complete by January 1984. Indian army helped build it
• Maitri:
  • ​In the year 1988, an ice-free, rocky area on the Schirmacher Oasis was selected to build the second research station named Maitri.
  • The building was erected on steel stilts and has stood the test of time -- conducting experiments in geology, geography and medicine.
• Bharati:
  • ​Located beside Larsmann Hill, about 3000 km east of Maitri, Bharati was established in 2012.
  • It is located between Thala Fjord & Quilty bay, east of Stornes Peninsula in Antarctica.

The correct answer is X-Rays.

Key Points

• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was a German mechanical engineer and physicist born in 27^th March 1845.
• In 1901, he awarded the first Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of X-Rays.
• This X-ray tube became a frequently used instrument in medicine after this discovery.

Additional Information

•  Thomas Alva Edison invented Electric Bulb and Gramophone.
• Sadi Carnot is the father of Thermodynamics.
  • Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation, and physical properties of matter.
  • The four laws of Thermodynamics are; Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics and Third Law of Thermodynamics.
• Conservation of Electric Charge: Charge is neither created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred from one system to another.
• Unit of charge is Coulomb.

The correct answer is APPLE.

• The first Indian Communication satellite is APPLE.

Key Points

• Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE):
  • It was an experimental communication satellite successfully launched by Ariane-1, from French Guiana on June 19, 1981.
  • It was India's first communication satellite.
  • The satellite provided experience in building and operating a payload experiment three-axis stabilized communication satellite.

Additional Information

• Rohini RS-1 was India’s first indigenous satellite launch.
  • It was used for measuring the in-flight performance of the second experimental launch of SLV-3.
  • It was launched on 18 July 1980.
• Aryabhatta:
  • It was India’s first satellite.
  • It was launched on 19 April 1975 using u-11 Interkosmos.
• Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM):
  • The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally called Mangalyaan is India’s first Mars orbiter.
  • It was launched on 5 November 2013.

The correct answer is 1983.

Key Points

• INSAT-1B was an Indian communications satellite.
• INSAT-1B is the second satellite in the INSAT-1 series.
• It was the first operational satellite in the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) series.
• It was successfully launched by Space Shuttle of the USA in 1983.
• It was manufactured by Ford Aerospace.
• INSAT-1B was launched on 30 August 1983.
• It was operational till July 1990.

The correct answer is Thomas Alva Edison, USA.

Important Points

• Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) - was an American scientist and regarded as America's greatest inventor.
• He invented the phonograph, dictaphone, electric lamp, autographic printer, etc.

Additional Information