Science Technology and Inventions MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Science Technology and Inventions - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is option 2, i.e. Extranet.

• Extranet refers to a network within an organization, using the internet to connect to the outsiders in a controlled manner.
• It helps to connect businesses with their customers and suppliers and therefore allows working in a collaborative manner.
• It is implemented as a Virtual Private Networks (VPN) because it uses the internet to connect to corporate organization and there is always a threat to information security.
• VPN offers a secure network in public infrastructure.

The correct answer is 2008.Key Points 

• Chandrayaan 1
  • It was launched on 22 Oct 2008 from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
  • It was the first Indian mission to The Moon.
  • The launch vehicle was PSLV-C11.
• Chandrayaan-2 was launched by GSLV Mk III-M1 launch vehicle on 22 July 2019 from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.​

Additional Information 

• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) (As of April 2022)
  • Headquarters – Bengaluru
  • Founder – Vikram Sarabhai
  • It was formed in 1969.
  • It contributes to space sciences, atmospheric science, astrophysics, astronomy, remote sensing, etc. under the aegis of the Department of Space.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e HTML.

Key Points

• Web pages use a language called the HyperText Markup Language (HTML).
  • HTML is used to create electronic documents (called pages) that are displayed on the World Wide Web.
  • The browser applications (Microsoftís Internet Explorer, Mozillaís Firefox, etc.) are designed to interpret HTML to display text, images and using hyperlinks, navigate the web.
  • First developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990.
• HTTP is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
  • HTTP is an application protocol that usually contains a list of guidelines for transferring distributed data file systems and multimedia communication on the World Wide Web ( WWW).
• DOC or doc (an abbreviation of "document") is a filename extension for word processing documents, most commonly in the proprietary Microsoft Word Binary File Format.
• URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
  • Every web page that is displayed on the Internet has a specific address associated with it. This address is known as the URL.
  • It tells us the location of the web page being displayed and other related information.

Key Points

• Venus is often referred to as Earth’s twin due to its similar size, mass, and proximity to Earth.
• Venus has a diameter of 12,104 km, which is very close to Earth’s diameter of 12,742 km.
• Both planets have similar compositions, primarily rock and metal, and their densities are nearly identical.
• Venus is the second planet from the Sun, and it is located closer to Earth than most other planets in the solar system.

Additional Information

• Venus:
  • Venus has a thick atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, with clouds of sulfuric acid, making it the hottest planet in the solar system.
  • Its surface temperature can reach up to 465°C (869°F), which is hotter than Mercury, even though Mercury is closer to the Sun.
  • Venus has a retrograde rotation, meaning it rotates in the opposite direction to most planets in the solar system.
  • The planet has no moons or rings and exhibits phases similar to the Moon when viewed from Earth.
• Earth:
  • Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only known planet to support life.
  • It has a nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere, which is essential for life as we know it.
  • Earth has one natural satellite, the Moon, which affects tides and stabilizes Earth's axial tilt.
• Other Planets:
  • Mercury: The closest planet to the Sun, it has no atmosphere and experiences extreme temperature variations.
  • Mars: Known as the "Red Planet," it is smaller than Earth and Venus and is considered a candidate for future human colonization.
  • Neptune: The eighth planet from the Sun, it is a gas giant with a deep blue color due to methane in its atmosphere.

Key Points

• A Linear Accelerator (LINAC) is a device that uses electromagnetic waves to accelerate charged particles, such as electrons or protons, to high speeds in a straight line.
• It is widely used in various fields such as medical radiation therapy, scientific research, and industrial applications.
• In medical applications, LINACs are primarily used to deliver high-energy X-rays or electrons for treating cancerous tumors.
• In particle physics, LINACs are essential components of large accelerators used for experiments in fundamental science, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
• Additional Information

• Medical Applications of LINAC:
  • LINACs are primarily used for external beam radiation therapy, a non-invasive cancer treatment method.
  • They deliver precise doses of radiation to target tumors while sparing surrounding healthy tissue.
  • Modern LINACs feature advanced imaging technologies for highly accurate treatment planning.
• Scientific Research Applications:
  • In physics research, LINACs are used to accelerate particles for collision experiments to study subatomic particles and fundamental forces.
  • They are key components in facilities like SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in the U.S.
• Industrial Applications:
  • LINACs are used for non-destructive testing, sterilization of medical equipment, and food irradiation.
  • They provide high-energy beams for material analysis and quality control in industrial settings.
• How LINAC Works:
  • It consists of a series of drift tubes placed in a vacuum chamber.
  • The particles are accelerated by alternating electric fields generated by radiofrequency waves.
  • The design ensures that particles gain energy incrementally as they travel through the accelerator.

• The first pico satellite of India is STUDSAT.
• STUDSAT stands as an acronym for Student Satellite.
• It is the first pico-satellite developed in the country by a consortium of seven engineering colleges from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
• The mission is an experimental one and was launched on 12^th July 2010.
• The satellite, since it was a pico satellite, weighs less than 1 kg.
• The satellite was placed in the polar sun synchronous orbit.
• The satellite had the primary objective of promoting space technology in educational institutions and encouraging research and development in miniaturized satellites.
• The satellite and the project also aimed to establish a communication link between the satellite and ground station.
• The satellite also captured the image of earth with a resolution of 90 meters and transmitted the payload and telemetry data to the earth station.

The correct answer is Query language.

Key Points

The various generations of computers are listed below:

The correct answer is Gaganyaan

• Mission Gaganyaan has been dubbed as 'India's maiden human spaceflight program'.
• India is planning to send the astronauts into space by 2025.
• Under the Gaganyaan schedule, three flights will be sent in orbit.
• Of the three, there will be two unmanned flights and one human spaceflight.
• The human space flight program, called the Orbital Module will have three Indian astronauts, including a woman.

CONCEPT:

Galvanometer:

• A galvanometer is used for detecting current in an electric circuit.
• The galvanometer is the device used for detecting the presence of small currents and voltage or for measuring their magnitude.
• The galvanometer is mainly used in the bridges and potentiometer where they indicate the null deflection or zero current.
• The potentiometer is based on the premise that the current sustaining coil is kept between the magnetic field experiences a torque.

EXPLANATION:

• From the above, it is clear that the galvanometer is the instrument used for detecting the presence of electric current in a circuit. Therefore option 1^st is correct.

​Additional Information 

Difference between Ammeter and Galvanometer:

• The ammeter shows only the magnitude of the current.
• The galvanometer shows both the direction and magnitude of the current.

The correct answer is Maitri.

Key Points

• The Indian Antarctic Programme, 1981-82
  • ​The programme was initiated in 1981 with a selected team of 21 members under the leadership of Dr S Z Qasim, Secretary of Department of Environment and former Director of National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) with the aim of conducting scientific research in the frozen continent.
• Under the environmental protocol of the Antarctic Treaty (1959), India has set up three research stations up till now.
• Dakshin Gangotri
  • The first Indian scientific research base station was established in Antarctica as part of the third Antarctic programme
  • Located at a distance of 2,500 kilometres from the South Pole, it was established in 1983-84. This was the first time an Indian team spent a winter in Antarctica to carry out scientific work
  • In 1989, it was excavated and is being used again as a supply base and transit camp.
  • Dakshin Gangotri took eight weeks to be built by an 81-member team, with the construction complete by January 1984. Indian army helped build it
• Maitri:
  • ​In the year 1988, an ice-free, rocky area on the Schirmacher Oasis was selected to build the second research station named Maitri.
  • The building was erected on steel stilts and has stood the test of time -- conducting experiments in geology, geography and medicine.
• Bharati:
  • ​Located beside Larsmann Hill, about 3000 km east of Maitri, Bharati was established in 2012.
  • It is located between Thala Fjord & Quilty bay, east of Stornes Peninsula in Antarctica.

The correct answer is X-Rays.

Key Points

• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was a German mechanical engineer and physicist born in 27^th March 1845.
• In 1901, he awarded the first Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of X-Rays.
• This X-ray tube became a frequently used instrument in medicine after this discovery.

Additional Information

•  Thomas Alva Edison invented Electric Bulb and Gramophone.
• Sadi Carnot is the father of Thermodynamics.
  • Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation, and physical properties of matter.
  • The four laws of Thermodynamics are; Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics and Third Law of Thermodynamics.
• Conservation of Electric Charge: Charge is neither created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred from one system to another.
• Unit of charge is Coulomb.

The correct answer is APPLE.

• The first Indian Communication satellite is APPLE.

Key Points

• Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE):
  • It was an experimental communication satellite successfully launched by Ariane-1, from French Guiana on June 19, 1981.
  • It was India's first communication satellite.
  • The satellite provided experience in building and operating a payload experiment three-axis stabilized communication satellite.

Additional Information

• Rohini RS-1 was India’s first indigenous satellite launch.
  • It was used for measuring the in-flight performance of the second experimental launch of SLV-3.
  • It was launched on 18 July 1980.
• Aryabhatta:
  • It was India’s first satellite.
  • It was launched on 19 April 1975 using u-11 Interkosmos.
• Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM):
  • The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally called Mangalyaan is India’s first Mars orbiter.
  • It was launched on 5 November 2013.

The correct answer is 1983.

Key Points

• INSAT-1B was an Indian communications satellite.
• INSAT-1B is the second satellite in the INSAT-1 series.
• It was the first operational satellite in the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) series.
• It was successfully launched by Space Shuttle of the USA in 1983.
• It was manufactured by Ford Aerospace.
• INSAT-1B was launched on 30 August 1983.
• It was operational till July 1990.

The correct answer is Lichens.

Key Points

• Lichens, are formed from the combination of algae and Fungi.
• In this symbiotic relation- algae helps in the food and nutrient availability, and fungi in turn provides shelter to algae.