Ecology and Environment MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Ecology and Environment - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Betla National Park.

Key Points

• Betla National Park is an integral part of the Palamu Tiger Reserve, located in Jharkhand, India.
• It was one of the first tiger reserves in India to be included under the Project Tiger initiative in 1973.
• The park is known for its diverse wildlife, including tigers, elephants, leopards, and various species of deer and birds.
• Spanning across 1,026 sq. km, Betla National Park comprises dense forests, grasslands, and scenic landscapes.
• The park's name "Betla" is an acronym for Bison, Elephant, Tiger, Leopard, and Axis-axis (chital), reflecting its rich biodiversity.

Additional Information

• Palamu Tiger Reserve:
  • Located in the Chotanagpur Plateau region of Jharkhand, it was established in 1974.
  • The reserve is divided into two divisions: Betla National Park and the Palamu Sanctuary.
  • It is one of the earliest tiger reserves to be brought under Project Tiger.
• Project Tiger:
  • Launched in 1973, it is a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at tiger conservation in India.
  • The program ensures a viable population of tigers while preserving their natural habitats.
• Biodiversity:
  • Betla National Park is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including medicinal plants, tropical trees, and endangered species.
  • The park also hosts several rivers and waterfalls, contributing to its ecological richness.
• Tourism:
  • The park offers facilities like jeep safaris and watchtowers for observing wildlife.
  • Betla National Park is a popular destination for nature lovers, researchers, and eco-tourists.

The correct answer is 7.

Key Points

• A total of 7 villages have been relocated outside the core area of the Palamu Tiger Reserve.
• The relocation was undertaken to reduce human-animal conflict and enhance tiger conservation efforts.
• The Palamu Tiger Reserve is located in the state of Jharkhand, India, and is part of the Betla National Park.
• This reserve is one of the first nine tiger reserves established in India under the Project Tiger initiative in 1973.
• The relocation process includes providing villagers with compensation and alternate land outside the core area to ensure their livelihood and well-being.

Additional Information

• Palamu Tiger Reserve
  • It is a part of the Chotanagpur Plateau and spans across Latehar and Garhwa districts in Jharkhand.
  • The reserve's core area covers 414.08 square kilometers, while its buffer area spans 600.85 square kilometers.
  • The primary vegetation includes dry deciduous forests with sal, bamboo, and other mixed species.
• Project Tiger
  • Launched in 1973, it is a conservation program by the Government of India aimed at protecting tigers and their habitats.
  • Initially, 9 tiger reserves were established, and the number has now increased to over 50 reserves across India.
  • It is implemented by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
• Village Relocation in Protected Areas
  • The relocation of villages from core areas is done under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
  • The process aims to create a human-free habitat for wildlife, reducing disturbance and facilitating natural ecological processes.
  • Villagers are provided with a relocation package, including financial assistance and alternate land or homes.
• Wildlife Corridors
  • Wildlife corridors connect fragmented habitats, enabling animals to move freely for food, mating, and territory.
  • Conservation efforts in reserves like Palamu also focus on maintaining and restoring these corridors.

The correct answer is Palamu Tiger Reserve.

Key Points

• Palamu Tiger Reserve is located in the state of Jharkhand, India, and is one of the first nine tiger reserves established under Project Tiger in 1973.
• The reserve spans across two districts—Latehar and Garhwa, covering an area of approximately 1,026 square kilometers.
• It is part of the Betla National Park, which is known for its rich biodiversity and dense forests.
• The Palamu Tiger Reserve is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including tigers, elephants, leopards, and several species of deer and birds.
• The reserve plays a crucial role in tiger conservation efforts under the Project Tiger initiative by the Government of India.

Additional Information

• Project Tiger:
  • Launched in 1973 by the Government of India to conserve the tiger population and its habitat.
  • It aims to reduce human-tiger conflicts and focuses on the ecological, economic, and cultural importance of tiger conservation.
• Betla National Park:
  • Spread across an area of 226 square kilometers and is renowned for its lush greenery, waterfalls, and diverse wildlife.
  • The park is one of India's earliest designated national parks and is part of the Palamu Tiger Reserve.
• Tiger Conservation:
  • Tigers are classified as Endangered under the IUCN Red List.
  • India is home to the world's largest tiger population, contributing to approximately 70% of the global tiger population.
  • As of the 2018 Tiger Census, India recorded a total of 2,967 tigers.
• Flora and Fauna in Palamu Tiger Reserve:
  • The reserve is characterized by tropical dry deciduous forests dominated by sal trees.
  • It supports a diverse range of species, including gaurs, sloth bears, wild boars, and over 200 bird species.

The correct option is Soor Sarovar.

Key PointsKeetham Lake Sanctuary:

• Soor Sarovar Bird Sanctuary is also known as Keetham Lake Sanctuary.
• Soor Sarovar Bird Sanctuary is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh.
• It has a scenic lake on the Agra - Delhi highway (NH 2).
• More than 106 species of migratory and resident birds are known to have their resting habitats at Soor Sarovar Bird Sactuary.
• Soor Sarovar Bird Sanctuary covers a 15-acre area featuring tranquil wetlands & a large population of migratory & local birds.
• Keetham Lake is situated within Soor Sarovar Bird Sanctuary.

​Thus, Soor Sarovar Bird Sanctuary is also known as Keetham Lake Sanctuary.

Additional Information

•  Ramsar Convention:
  • Ramsar Convention or the Convention of Wetlands was established in 1971 and came into force in the year 1975.
  • Convention on Wetlands took place on 2 February 1971.
  •  India signed the Ramsar Convention on 1 February 1982. 
  • Ramsar is a city in Iran.
  • Currently, there are 82 Ramsar sites are in India and 10 Ramsar sites are in Uttar Pradesh.
  • The two new Ramsar sites are Khijadia Wildlife Sanctuary in Gujarat and Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh.
• List of Ramsar sites in Uttar Pradesh:

The correct answer Lakhimpur Kheri.

Key Points

• Dudhwa National Park is situated on the Indo-Nepal border in the Lakhimpur Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh. 
• It is in the sub-Himalayan Region known as Tarai Belt.
• Year of Establishment- 1 Feb 1977
• Dudhwa National Park is known as the first National Park of the state after the formation of Uttrakhand.
• It is home to a large number of rare and endangered species which include Tiger, Leopard Cat, Slath beer, Rhinoceros (One horn), Hispid hare, Elephants, Black deer& Swamp deer.
• Dudhwa National Park is a stronghold of the barasingha. Around half of the world's barasinghas are present in Dudhwa National Park.

The correct answer is 1980.

Key Points

• The Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 was passed to provide for the conservation of forests and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto.
• Under the provisions of this Act, prior approval of the Central Government is required for the diversion of forestlands for non-forest purposes.
• The Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 was further amended in 1988.

Additional Information 

• The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in the year 1986.
• The main objective of this act is to provide the protection and improvement of the environment and for matters connected therewith.
• The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted for the protection of plants and animal species.
• Constitutional provisions of Forest Conservation:
  • Article 48-A of the Indian Constitution deals with protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife - the state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
  • Clause g of Article 51 A of the Indian Constitution says that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.

The correct answer is ​Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Ranthambore National Park is one of the largest and most famous national parks in North India.
• The area of Ranthambore National Park is 392 square kilometres.
• The park is mainly known for its tigers and is one of the best places in India to see majestic predators in its natural habitat.
• Ranthambore National Park is a vast wildlife reserve near the town of Sawai Madhopur in Rajasthan, northern India.
• It is a former royal hunting ground and home to tigers, leopards, and marsh crocodiles.

Optional 3 is correct, i.e. Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points:

The correct answer is Anginda.

Key Points

• Anamudi Peak is located on the border of Kothamangalam Taluka in the Ernakulam district and Devikulam Taluk of Idukki district of Kerala in India.
  • It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and South India at an altitude of 2,695 meters and a topographic prominence of 2,479 meters.
  • The mountain derives its name from the Malayalam word Anamudi which means Elephant's head in the English language.
  • It is the largest mountain in Kerala and it is also the highest mountain in peninsular India.
  • It is also called "Everest of South India".
• Anginda Peak is the highest peak in Silent Valley National Park, Palakkad.
  • It is a mountain in the Nilgiri Hills of the Western Ghats on the border of the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu and Palakkad district of Kerala.
  • It has a height of 2,383 meters.
  • The tributary of Bharathappuzha i.e River kunthipuzha arises from this peak.
• Devimala Peak is situated in the Anamalai Hills of Kerala and it is the highest peak in the Devikulam hill station.
  • It is one of the fourteen highest peaks of the Western Ghats in Devikulam taluka of Idukki district.
• Perumal Peak is located in the Kodaikanal district of Tamilnadu and It is also known as the Perumal Malai Peak. 
  • It has an elevation of a total of 2,440 meters​.

Image of Anginda Peak:

The correct answer is SDG 6.

Key Points

• Sustainable Development Goal 6 ensures availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
• Sustainable Development Goal 6 is about "clean water and sanitation for all."
• The Sustainable Development Goals are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all.
• They address the global challenges we face, including poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice.
• The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 strives to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
• The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social, and environmental.

Additional Information

• There are 17 Sustainable Development Goals-
  • GOAL 1: No Poverty.
  • GOAL 2: Zero Hunger.
  • GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being.
  • GOAL 4: Quality Education.
  • GOAL 5: Gender Equality.
  • GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.
  • GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy.
  • GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.
  • GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
  • GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality.
  • GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities.
  • GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.
  • GOAL 13: Climate Action.
  • GOAL 14: Life Below Water.
  • GOAL 15: Life on Land.
  • GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions.
  • GOAL 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goal.

The correct answer is Ozone

Key Points

• A Primary Pollutant is a pollutant that emerges directly from any source whereas a secondary pollutant is formed when the primary pollutants react in the atmosphere. 
• Ozone is an example of secondary pollutant since it is formed when nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons combine in the presence of sunlight. 

Additional Information

• Carbon monoxide is a primary pollutant. 

Animals from class Aves are warm-blooded.

• Aves class represents birds and their characteristic features are feathers, a beak, and the forelimbs are modified into wings.
• They are warm-blooded animals i.e. they will be able to maintain constant body temperature.

The correct answer is Loktak Lake.

Key Points:

• Keibul Lamjao National Park, the only floating park in the world, is located in the Loktak lake.
• Keibul Lamjao National Park is the only floating National Park in the world.
• It is the home of the brow-antlered deer which is one of the most endangered deer in the world.
• It is located in the Bishnupur district of Manipur in India.
• It is an integral part of Loktak Lake.

Additional Information

The correct answer is the Protection of the Ozone layer.

Key Points

• The protection of the Ozone layer is the main aim of the Montreal Protocol.
• The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty that was adopted on September 16, 1987.
• It is aimed to regulate the production and use of chemicals contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer of the Earth.

Additional Information

• Initially, it was signed by 46 countries but now has nearly 200 signatories.

The environment protection act was passed by the parliament of India in 1986.

• Under Article 253 of the constitution.
• It came into force on 19 November 1986.
• The purpose of this act was to implement the decisions of the UN conference on the Human Environment.

Key Points

• Environment Protection Act, 1986 Act of the Parliament of India.
  • In the wake of the Bhopal gas Tragedy or Bhopal Disaster, the [Government of India] enacted the Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution.
    • Passed in March 1986, it came into force on 19 November 1986.
    • It has 26 sections and 4 chapters.
    • The Environmental (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 was never amended.

Additional Information

• The purpose of the Act is to implement the decisions of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment.
  • They relate to the protection and improvement of the human environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property.
  • The Act is an “umbrella” legislation designed to provide a framework for central government coordination of the activities of various central and state authorities established under previous laws, such as the Water Act and the Air Act.

Other important acts by the Indian government for Environmental protection:

• Wildlife Protection Act 1972.
• Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960.
• Biological diversity Act 2002.
• Recycled Plastics, Plastics manufacturing and usage Rules, 1999
• Construction and Demolition waste Management Rules, 2016.