Resource Management and Consumer Issues MCQ Quiz in தமிழ் - Objective Question with Answer for Resource Management and Consumer Issues - இலவச PDF ஐப் பதிவிறக்கவும்

The correct answer is (a), (b), (d).

Key Points

• Systems Approach:
  • The systems approach is a conceptual framework that views an organization as a complex, interrelated set of elements that function as a whole to achieve a common purpose.
  • It emphasizes the importance of understanding the interrelationships, inter-dependence, and interactions among various components of an organization.
  • This approach helps in identifying how changes in one part of the system can impact the whole system.
• Management cannot be viewed as an isolated activity:
  • Management activities are interconnected with various other functions and cannot be seen in isolation.
  • Effective management requires considering the broader organizational context and its environment.
• Individual components without losing sight of totality:
  • This point highlights the need to focus on individual parts of the system while maintaining an awareness of the overall system.
  • It ensures that while solving problems at the micro-level, the macro-level implications are also considered.
• Inter-relationships, inter-dependence, and interaction:
  • The systems approach stresses the importance of understanding how different components of the system are related and dependent on each other.
  • It focuses on the interactions among various elements to achieve synergy and effectiveness.

The correct answer is 'Douglas McGregor'.

Key Points

• Douglas McGregor:
  • Douglas McGregor was a renowned management thinker known for his Theory X and Theory Y.
  • Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy, need constant supervision, and are motivated primarily by monetary rewards.
  • Theory Y, on the other hand, posits that employees are self-motivated, seek responsibility, and are driven by intrinsic rewards.
  • McGregor's theories have had a significant impact on management practices and organizational behavior.

Additional Information

• Abraham Maslow:
  • Known for Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.
  • Maslow's theory focuses on the stages of human growth and development.
• Fredrick Herzberg:
  • Developed the Two-Factor Theory (also known as Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory), which identifies motivators and hygiene factors affecting job satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
  • His theory emphasizes the importance of job enrichment and the intrinsic factors of motivation.
• Chester Barnard:
  • Known for his work on the functions of the executive and the theory of formal organization.
  • Barnard emphasized the importance of communication and the role of executives in fostering a cooperative organizational environment.

The correct answer is 'performance appraisal'.

Key Points

• Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS):
  • BARS is a method used in performance appraisal that combines elements of traditional rating scales and critical incidents methods.
  • It involves identifying specific behaviours that are indicative of varying levels of performance in a particular job.
  • These behaviors are then used as anchors on a scale to rate an employee's performance.
  • The approach helps in providing clear standards and reducing ambiguity in performance ratings.

Additional Information

• Checking quality of food:
  • Tools for checking food quality include sensory analysis, microbial testing, and chemical analysis.
• Designing layout plan:
  • Tools for layout design include CAD software and space planning tools.
• Feedback communication:
  • While BARS can be used to provide structured feedback, it is primarily a tool for performance appraisal rather than a feedback communication.

The correct answer is 'Extra Expenditure'.

Key Points

• Extra Expenditure:
  • Expenditure for celebrating Deepawali is considered extra expenditure because it is typically an additional cost incurred specifically for the festival.
  • Such expenses are not part of the regular, planned budget but are incurred for special occasions and festivities.
  • This can include costs for decorations, sweets, gifts, and other celebratory items that are unique to the Deepawali festival.

Additional Information

• Planned Expenditure:
  • Planned expenditure refers to costs that are anticipated and budgeted for in advance, such as monthly bills and groceries.
  • Since Deepawali expenses are typically seasonal and not part of a regular budget, they do not fall under this category.
• Semifixed Expenditure:
  • Semifixed expenditure includes costs that remain relatively stable but can vary slightly, such as utility bills.
  • Deepawali expenses, being event-specific and non-recurring, do not fit this definition.
• Uncontrolled Expenditure:
  • Uncontrolled expenditure refers to costs that cannot be easily predicted or managed, often due to emergencies or unforeseen events.
  • While Deepawali expenses can sometimes exceed expectations, they are generally planned for during the festival period, making them different from uncontrolled expenditure.

Heavy physical work can cause localized muscular fatigue

Key Points

• Localized muscular fatigue:
  • Localized muscular fatigue refers to the temporary decline in the ability of a muscle to generate force, often experienced after intense or prolonged physical activity.
  • This type of fatigue is specific to the muscles that were engaged in the activity and is characterized by a feeling of weakness, soreness, or a burning sensation in the muscles.
  • It is caused by the accumulation of metabolic byproducts such as lactic acid, depletion of energy stores, and minor muscle damage.
  • Rest and proper nutrition can help in the recovery from localized muscular fatigue.

Additional Information

• Mental fatigue:
  • Mental fatigue is a state of tiredness that affects cognitive functions, often resulting from prolonged periods of cognitive activity or stress. It is not directly caused by heavy physical work.
• Psychological fatigue:
  • Psychological fatigue involves emotional and mental exhaustion, often due to stress, anxiety, or depression. While physical work can contribute indirectly, it is not the primary cause.
• Transient fatigue:
  • Transient fatigue is a temporary state of tiredness that can result from various factors, including lack of sleep, stress, or physical exertion. It is more general and not as specific as localized muscular fatigue.

The correct answer is Job Analysis

Key Points

• Job Analysis:
  • Job analysis is the process of studying and collecting information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job.
  • It is crucial for recruitment as it helps to identify the requirements and expectations of a job role, ensuring that the right candidates are selected.
  • This information is used to develop job descriptions and job specifications, which are key components in recruitment.
  • Job analysis also aids in performance appraisal, training needs assessment, and compensation management.

Additional Information

• Job Specification:
  • Job specification outlines the qualifications, skills, and experiences required to perform a job effectively.
  • It is derived from the job analysis but is not the primary focus of recruitment policy.
• Job Description:
  • Job description provides a detailed account of the duties, responsibilities, and scope of a job.
  • It is a product of job analysis and important for recruitment, but not the main emphasis of recruitment policy.
• Job Evaluation:
  • Job evaluation is the process of determining the relative worth of a job in an organization to establish fair compensation.
  • While important for compensation management, it is not directly related to the recruitment policy.

The correct answer is '1 and 2 only'

Key Points

• McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y:
  • Theory X assumes that employees inherently dislike work and must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment to achieve goals.
  • Theory Y posits that employees view work as natural, can be self-motivated, and seek responsibility if committed to the objectives.
  • Both theories present contrasting views on workforce management and motivation.

Additional Information

• Incorrect Statements:
  • Statement 3 is incorrect because neither Theory X nor Theory Y specifically advocates for a democratic style of management as the most effective approach. Theory X supports a more authoritarian approach, while Theory Y supports a participative style but does not mandate it.
• Management Styles:
  • In practice, effective management may incorporate elements from both theories, adapting to the context and individual employee needs.
  • Understanding employee motivation is crucial for selecting the appropriate management style.

The correct answer is '4, 2, 5, 1, 3'

Key Points

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
  • Physiological Needs: These are the most basic human survival needs, including food, water, warmth, and rest.
  • Safety Needs: Once physiological needs are met, the need for security and safety becomes prominent. This includes personal security, health, and well-being.
  • Love and Belongingness Needs: These involve emotional relationships such as friendships, family, and intimacy.
  • Esteem Needs: After the first three needs are fulfilled, esteem needs become important. These include self-esteem, respect, and recognition.
  • Self-Actualization: This is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy. It refers to the realization of personal potential, self-fulfillment, and seeking personal growth and peak experiences.

Additional Information

• Incorrect Options:
  • Option 2 (3, 2, 4, 5, 1): This sequence incorrectly places Self-actualization before Physiological needs, which is not the correct order according to Maslow's hierarchy.
  • Option 3 (4, 3, 5, 2, 1): This sequence incorrectly places Self-actualization after Physiological needs but before Safety needs, which does not align with Maslow's hierarchy.
  • Option 4 (2, 4, 1, 5, 3): This sequence incorrectly places Safety needs before Physiological needs and Love and Belongingness needs after Esteem needs, which is not the correct order.

The correct answer is '3, 2, 4, 1'

Key Points

• Decision-Making Process by Herbert Simon:
  • Herbert Simon, a notable figure in decision theory, proposed a step-by-step process for decision-making.
  • The decision-making process includes four main phases: Intelligence, Design, Choice, and Implementation.
• Intelligence:
  • This is the initial phase where information is gathered to identify problems or opportunities.
  • It involves data collection, problem identification, and understanding the context and environment.
• Design:
  • In this phase, potential solutions or courses of action are developed.
  • It involves generating alternatives and evaluating their feasibility and potential impact.
• Choice:
  • This phase involves selecting the most suitable solution from the alternatives identified in the design phase.
  • It requires assessing the pros and cons of each option and making a decision based on the evaluation.
• Implementation:
  • This is the final phase where the chosen solution is put into action.
  • It involves executing the decision, monitoring its progress, and making necessary adjustments.

Additional Information

• Other Options Explained:
  • 2, 3, 1, 4: This sequence incorrectly places the design phase before the intelligence phase and the choice phase after implementation.
  • 3, 1, 2, 4: This sequence incorrectly places the implementation phase after intelligence and before design and choice.
  • 1, 3, 4, 2: This sequence incorrectly places the implementation phase first, followed by intelligence, choice, and design, disrupting the logical flow of the decision-making process.

The correct answer is 'Emphasis on improving efficiency through systematic study of tasks.'

Key Points

• Scientific Management:
  • Developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the early 20th century, Scientific Management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows.
  • The main objective is to improve economic efficiency and labor productivity by systematic study and analysis of tasks.
  • The approach involves breaking down tasks into smaller, simple segments and optimizing each segment to enhance efficiency.
  • It emphasizes the use of scientific methods to determine the best way to perform a job, rather than relying on traditional methods or intuition.

Additional Information

• Focus on social and psychological aspects of workers:
  • This is characteristic of the Human Relations approach, which emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships in the workplace.
  • It focuses on employee satisfaction, motivation, and the social needs of workers, unlike Scientific Management which is more task-oriented.
• A decentralized decision-making structure:
  • Decentralization refers to the distribution of decision-making powers to lower levels in an organization.
  • This is not a feature of Scientific Management, which typically involves centralized control and decision-making to maintain efficiency and standardization.
• Focus on team-building and collaboration:
  • Team-building and collaboration are more aligned with contemporary management theories like Systems Theory and Human Relations Approach.
  • Scientific Management focuses on individual tasks and optimizing them, rather than on team dynamics.