Line To Line Fault MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Line To Line Fault - Download Free PDF
Last updated on Jun 10, 2025
Latest Line To Line Fault MCQ Objective Questions
Line To Line Fault Question 1:
The phase voltages across a certain load are given as Va = (176 - j132) V, Vb = (-128-j96) V and Vc = (- 160 +j100) V. Compute positive sequence component of voltage.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 1 Detailed Solution
Explanation:
Positive Sequence Component of Voltage
Definition: In a three-phase power system, the positive sequence component of voltage represents a balanced set of three phasors, each separated by 120°, rotating in the same direction as the original system. It is often used to analyze the symmetrical components of unbalanced systems, helping to understand the system's behavior under unbalanced conditions.
Given:
- Phase voltages are:
- Va = (176 - j132) V
- Vb = (-128 - j96) V
- Vc = (-160 + j100) V
Formula to Calculate Positive Sequence Component (V1):
The positive sequence voltage is given by the formula:
V1 = (1/3) × [Va + a × Vb + a² × Vc]
Where:
- a = e^(j120°) = -0.5 + j(√3/2) ≈ -0.5 + j0.866
- a² = e^(j240°) = -0.5 - j(√3/2) ≈ -0.5 - j0.866
Step 1: Substitute Values of Va, Vb, and Vc:
We substitute the given phase voltages into the formula:
V1 = (1/3) × [(176 - j132) + (-0.5 + j0.866) × (-128 - j96) + (-0.5 - j0.866) × (-160 + j100)]
Step 2: Simplify the Terms:
We calculate each term separately:
Term 1:
Va = 176 - j132
Term 2:
a × Vb = (-0.5 + j0.866) × (-128 - j96)
Expanding the product:
a × Vb = [(-0.5) × (-128)] + [(-0.5) × (-j96)] + [(j0.866) × (-128)] + [(j0.866) × (-j96)]
= 64 + j48 - j110.848 - 83.136
= (64 - 83.136) + (j48 - j110.848)
= -19.136 - j62.848
Term 3:
a² × Vc = (-0.5 - j0.866) × (-160 + j100)
Expanding the product:
a² × Vc = [(-0.5) × (-160)] + [(-0.5) × (j100)] + [(-j0.866) × (-160)] + [(-j0.866) × (j100)]
= 80 - j50 + j138.56 - 86.6
= (80 - 86.6) + (-j50 + j138.56)
= -6.6 + j88.56
Step 3: Add the Terms:
Now, add the three terms to find the total:
V1 = (1/3) × [(176 - j132) + (-19.136 - j62.848) + (-6.6 + j88.56)]
Simplify the real and imaginary parts:
Real Part:
176 - 19.136 - 6.6 = 150.264
Imaginary Part:
-132 - 62.848 + 88.56 = -106.288
Therefore:
V1 = (1/3) × (150.264 - j106.288)
Step 4: Divide by 3:
V1 = 50.088 - j35.429 V
This result is approximately 50.1 - j35.4 V.
Step 5: Analyze the Result:
After computation, it is evident that the positive sequence component of voltage is approximately 50.1 - j35.4 V.
Correct Option: Option 1 (0)
However, according to the problem statement, the correct answer is option 1 (0). This discrepancy may arise due to a misinterpretation or missing information in the question. It is essential to verify the problem's context and recheck the calculations. If the system's voltages are balanced or certain assumptions are applied, the positive sequence component might simplify to zero. For now, based on the calculations, the positive sequence voltage is approximately 50.1 - j35.4 V.
Additional Information
To further understand the analysis, let’s evaluate why other options might not be correct:
Option 2: The value 163.24 - j35.1 V does not match the calculated positive sequence component, which is approximately 50.1 - j35.4 V. This option might represent a different symmetrical component or an error in computation.
Option 3: The value 50.1 - j53.9 V is close to the calculated value but differs in the imaginary part. This discrepancy suggests an error in the provided options or a different assumption in the computation.
Option 4: The value 25.1 - j53.9 V is significantly different from the calculated positive sequence component. It likely represents another voltage component or results from a miscalculation.
Conclusion:
Understanding symmetrical components and their computation is crucial for analyzing unbalanced systems. The positive sequence component of voltage is a powerful tool for examining the behavior of electrical systems under unbalanced conditions. While the given problem suggests that the correct answer is option 1 (0), the detailed computation yields a different result. It is essential to verify the problem's assumptions and clarify any ambiguities to ensure accurate analysis.
Line To Line Fault Question 2:
In which type of fault, zero sequence currents do not exist?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 2 Detailed Solution
Line to Line fault:
When two conductors of a 3-phase system are short-circuited line to line fault occurs.
IR = 0
IF = IY = -IB
\(\begin{bmatrix} I_{R0}\\ I_{R1}\\ I_{R2} \end{bmatrix}={1\over 3}\begin{bmatrix} 1&1 &1 \\ 1& \alpha &\alpha^2 \\ 1& \alpha^2 & \alpha \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} I_R\\ I_Y\\ I_B \end{bmatrix}\)
\(\begin{bmatrix} I_{R0}\\ I_{R1}\\ I_{R2} \end{bmatrix}={1\over 3}\begin{bmatrix} 1&1 &1 \\ 1& \alpha &\alpha^2 \\ 1& \alpha^2 & \alpha \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 0\\ I_f\\ -I_f \end{bmatrix}\)
\(I_{R0} = {1\over 3}({0+ I_f-I_f })\)
\(I_{R0} = 0\)...........(i)
\(I_{R1} = {1\over 3}({0+\alpha I_f-\alpha ^2I_f })\)
\(I_f=\sqrt{3}I_{R1}\)
From equation (i), we found that zero sequence currents do not exist in the LL fault.
Line To Line Fault Question 3:
In which type of fault, zero sequence currents do not exist?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 3 Detailed Solution
Line to Line fault:
When two conductors of a 3-phase system are short-circuited line to line fault occurs.
IR = 0
IF = IY = -IB
\(\begin{bmatrix} I_{R0}\\ I_{R1}\\ I_{R2} \end{bmatrix}={1\over 3}\begin{bmatrix} 1&1 &1 \\ 1& \alpha &\alpha^2 \\ 1& \alpha^2 & \alpha \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} I_R\\ I_Y\\ I_B \end{bmatrix}\)
\(\begin{bmatrix} I_{R0}\\ I_{R1}\\ I_{R2} \end{bmatrix}={1\over 3}\begin{bmatrix} 1&1 &1 \\ 1& \alpha &\alpha^2 \\ 1& \alpha^2 & \alpha \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 0\\ I_f\\ -I_f \end{bmatrix}\)
\(I_{R0} = {1\over 3}({0+ I_f-I_f })\)
\(I_{R0} = 0\)...........(i)
\(I_{R1} = {1\over 3}({0+\alpha I_f-\alpha ^2I_f })\)
\(I_f=\sqrt{3}I_{R1}\)
From equation (i), we found that zero sequence currents do not exist in the LL fault.
Line To Line Fault Question 4:
Determine the fault current in the system following a double line to ground short circuit fault at the terminal of a star connected synchronous generator operating initially on an open circuit voltage of 1.0 pu. The positive, negative, and zero sequences reactance of the generator are, respectively j0.35, j0.25, and j0.20, and the star point is isolated from the ground.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 4 Detailed Solution
Concept:
Here star point is isolated so the flow of fault current is not possible in neutral or ground ( also zero sequence current is zero because zero-sequence current flow through the ground and here the ground is not available) so current is absent in neutral but current available in phase so this fault is considered as line to line (L-L) fault.
Fig. L-L fault
Positive sequence current (i1) for L-L fault is given by;
i1 = voc/(x1 + x2)
Where;
voc = open circuit voltage, x1 = Positive sequence reactance, x2 = Negative sequence reactance
Fault current (if) for L-L fault is given by:
if = √3 × i1
Calculation:
Given that:
voc= 1.0 pu, x1 = j0.35, x2 = j0.25 pu, xo = 0.20pu, xn = ∞ pu (since Neutral is isolated from ground)
Here, voc = Open circuit voltage, x1 = Positive sequence reactance, x2 = Negative sequence reactance, xo = Zero sequence reactance, xn = Neutral reactance
Here L-L (line to line) fault happened so we will first calculate positive sequence current (i1) then calculate fault current (if) by help of positive sequence current.
Calculation of Positive sequence current (i1);
i1 = 1/(j0.35+j0.25)
i1= -j1.6666 pu
So fault current (if) ;
if = √3 × i1
If = -j2.887 pu
Important Points
- If grounding is not provided or neutral is isolated then there is always zero-sequence current will be zero.
- Positive sequence current is equal and opposite to negative sequence current in L-L fault.
- Both faulted phase voltages (vb and vc) will be equal and positive sequence and negative sequence voltage (v1 and v2) also will be equal in L-L fault
- vb = vc and v1 = v2
Line To Line Fault Question 5:
At the terminal of a 3ϕ, 6.6 kV, 10 MVA alternator, a load R = 200 Ω is connected between two phases, and other phase is kept open. The sequence impedance of the alternator is Z1 = Z2 = j 5Ω and Z0 = j2Ω. What is the current through the load resistance?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 5 Detailed Solution
Concept:
In a double line fault, the fault current is given by
\(I=\frac{\sqrt{3}V}{{{Z}_{1}}+{{Z}_{2}}+{{Z}_{f}}}\)
Where Z1 is the positive sequence impedance
Z2 is the negative sequence impedance
Calculation:
V = 6.6 kV
Z1 = Z2 = j5Ω
Zf = 200 Ω
Z0 = j2Ω
This is the case of the line to line fault.
Ia = 0 (∵ open circuited)
From the formula of a double line fault or L-L fault,
\(I=\frac{\sqrt{3}V}{{{Z}_{1}}+{{Z}_{2}}+{{Z}_{f}}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}\times \frac{6.6}{\sqrt{3}}}{j5+j5+200}=\frac{6600}{200+j10}=32.9~A\)Top Line To Line Fault MCQ Objective Questions
At the terminal of a 3ϕ, 6.6 kV, 10 MVA alternator, a load R = 200 Ω is connected between two phases, and other phase is kept open. The sequence impedance of the alternator is Z1 = Z2 = j 5Ω and Z0 = j2Ω. What is the current through the load resistance?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 6 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:
In a double line fault, the fault current is given by
\(I=\frac{\sqrt{3}V}{{{Z}_{1}}+{{Z}_{2}}+{{Z}_{f}}}\)
Where Z1 is the positive sequence impedance
Z2 is the negative sequence impedance
Calculation:
V = 6.6 kV
Z1 = Z2 = j5Ω
Zf = 200 Ω
Z0 = j2Ω
This is the case of the line to line fault.
Ia = 0 (∵ open circuited)
From the formula of a double line fault or L-L fault,
\(I=\frac{\sqrt{3}V}{{{Z}_{1}}+{{Z}_{2}}+{{Z}_{f}}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}\times \frac{6.6}{\sqrt{3}}}{j5+j5+200}=\frac{6600}{200+j10}=32.9~A\)In which type of fault, zero sequence currents do not exist?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 7 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFLine to Line fault:
When two conductors of a 3-phase system are short-circuited line to line fault occurs.
IR = 0
IF = IY = -IB
\(\begin{bmatrix} I_{R0}\\ I_{R1}\\ I_{R2} \end{bmatrix}={1\over 3}\begin{bmatrix} 1&1 &1 \\ 1& \alpha &\alpha^2 \\ 1& \alpha^2 & \alpha \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} I_R\\ I_Y\\ I_B \end{bmatrix}\)
\(\begin{bmatrix} I_{R0}\\ I_{R1}\\ I_{R2} \end{bmatrix}={1\over 3}\begin{bmatrix} 1&1 &1 \\ 1& \alpha &\alpha^2 \\ 1& \alpha^2 & \alpha \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 0\\ I_f\\ -I_f \end{bmatrix}\)
\(I_{R0} = {1\over 3}({0+ I_f-I_f })\)
\(I_{R0} = 0\)...........(i)
\(I_{R1} = {1\over 3}({0+\alpha I_f-\alpha ^2I_f })\)
\(I_f=\sqrt{3}I_{R1}\)
From equation (i), we found that zero sequence currents do not exist in the LL fault.
The positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of a three-phase generator are Z1, Z2 and Z0 respectively. For a line-to-line fault with fault impedance Zf, the fault current is If1 = kIf, where If is the fault current with zero fault impedance. The relation between Zf and k is
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 8 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFIn line to line fault,
fault current with fault impedance zf is
\({I_{{f_1}}} = \frac{{\sqrt 3 {E_a}}}{{{z_1} + {z_2} + {z_f}}}\)
fault current with zero fault impedance is,
\({I_f} = \frac{{\sqrt 3 {E_a}}}{{{z_1} + {z_2}}}\)
Given that, \({I_{{f_1}}} = k{I_f}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{{\sqrt 3 {E_a}}}{{{z_1} + {z_2} + {z_f}}} = k{I_{{f_1}}} = k\frac{{\sqrt 3 {E_a}}}{{{z_1} + {z_2}}}\)
⇒ z1 + z2 = k (z1 + z2 + zf)
⇒ z1 + z2 - k z1 - k z2 = k zf
\(\Rightarrow {z_f} = \frac{{\left( {{z_1} + {z_2}} \right)\left( {1 - k} \right)}}{k}\)
Line To Line Fault Question 9:
At the terminal of a 3ϕ, 6.6 kV, 10 MVA alternator, a load R = 200 Ω is connected between two phases, and other phase is kept open. The sequence impedance of the alternator is Z1 = Z2 = j 5Ω and Z0 = j2Ω. What is the current through the load resistance?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 9 Detailed Solution
Concept:
In a double line fault, the fault current is given by
\(I=\frac{\sqrt{3}V}{{{Z}_{1}}+{{Z}_{2}}+{{Z}_{f}}}\)
Where Z1 is the positive sequence impedance
Z2 is the negative sequence impedance
Calculation:
V = 6.6 kV
Z1 = Z2 = j5Ω
Zf = 200 Ω
Z0 = j2Ω
This is the case of the line to line fault.
Ia = 0 (∵ open circuited)
From the formula of a double line fault or L-L fault,
\(I=\frac{\sqrt{3}V}{{{Z}_{1}}+{{Z}_{2}}+{{Z}_{f}}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}\times \frac{6.6}{\sqrt{3}}}{j5+j5+200}=\frac{6600}{200+j10}=32.9~A\)Line To Line Fault Question 10:
In which type of fault, zero sequence currents do not exist?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 10 Detailed Solution
Line to Line fault:
When two conductors of a 3-phase system are short-circuited line to line fault occurs.
IR = 0
IF = IY = -IB
\(\begin{bmatrix} I_{R0}\\ I_{R1}\\ I_{R2} \end{bmatrix}={1\over 3}\begin{bmatrix} 1&1 &1 \\ 1& \alpha &\alpha^2 \\ 1& \alpha^2 & \alpha \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} I_R\\ I_Y\\ I_B \end{bmatrix}\)
\(\begin{bmatrix} I_{R0}\\ I_{R1}\\ I_{R2} \end{bmatrix}={1\over 3}\begin{bmatrix} 1&1 &1 \\ 1& \alpha &\alpha^2 \\ 1& \alpha^2 & \alpha \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 0\\ I_f\\ -I_f \end{bmatrix}\)
\(I_{R0} = {1\over 3}({0+ I_f-I_f })\)
\(I_{R0} = 0\)...........(i)
\(I_{R1} = {1\over 3}({0+\alpha I_f-\alpha ^2I_f })\)
\(I_f=\sqrt{3}I_{R1}\)
From equation (i), we found that zero sequence currents do not exist in the LL fault.
Line To Line Fault Question 11:
The fault current for a system in LG fault and in LL fault are –j7.5 pu and 8.66 pu respectively. Then the zero sequential impedance of the system is:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 11 Detailed Solution
For LL fault
\({I_f} = - j\sqrt 3 \frac{{{E_a}}}{{{Z_1} + {Z_2}}}\)
in pu system Ea = 1 pu
\(8.66 = - j\sqrt 3 \frac{1}{{{Z_1} + {Z_2}}}\)
And for LG fault
\({I_f} = \frac{{3{E_a}}}{{{Z_1} + {Z_2} + {Z_0}}}\)
\(- j7.5 = \frac{3}{{{Z_1} + {Z_2} + {Z_0}}}\)
From above equations
\({Z_1} + {Z_2} = - j0.2\)
and \({Z_1} + {Z_2} + {Z_0} = j0.4\)
So \({Z_0} = j0.6\)
Line To Line Fault Question 12:
The positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of a three-phase generator are Z1, Z2 and Z0 respectively. For a line-to-line fault with fault impedance Zf, the fault current is If1 = kIf, where If is the fault current with zero fault impedance. The relation between Zf and k is
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 12 Detailed Solution
In line to line fault,
fault current with fault impedance zf is
\({I_{{f_1}}} = \frac{{\sqrt 3 {E_a}}}{{{z_1} + {z_2} + {z_f}}}\)
fault current with zero fault impedance is,
\({I_f} = \frac{{\sqrt 3 {E_a}}}{{{z_1} + {z_2}}}\)
Given that, \({I_{{f_1}}} = k{I_f}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{{\sqrt 3 {E_a}}}{{{z_1} + {z_2} + {z_f}}} = k{I_{{f_1}}} = k\frac{{\sqrt 3 {E_a}}}{{{z_1} + {z_2}}}\)
⇒ z1 + z2 = k (z1 + z2 + zf)
⇒ z1 + z2 - k z1 - k z2 = k zf
\(\Rightarrow {z_f} = \frac{{\left( {{z_1} + {z_2}} \right)\left( {1 - k} \right)}}{k}\)
Line To Line Fault Question 13:
Determine the fault current in the system following a double line to ground short circuit fault at the terminal of a star connected synchronous generator operating initially on an open circuit voltage of 1.0 pu. The positive, negative, and zero sequences reactance of the generator are, respectively j0.35, j0.25, and j0.20, and the star point is isolated from the ground.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 13 Detailed Solution
Concept:
Here star point is isolated so the flow of fault current is not possible in neutral or ground ( also zero sequence current is zero because zero-sequence current flow through the ground and here the ground is not available) so current is absent in neutral but current available in phase so this fault is considered as line to line (L-L) fault.
Fig. L-L fault
Positive sequence current (i1) for L-L fault is given by;
i1 = voc/(x1 + x2)
Where;
voc = open circuit voltage, x1 = Positive sequence reactance, x2 = Negative sequence reactance
Fault current (if) for L-L fault is given by:
if = √3 × i1
Calculation:
Given that:
voc= 1.0 pu, x1 = j0.35, x2 = j0.25 pu, xo = 0.20pu, xn = ∞ pu (since Neutral is isolated from ground)
Here, voc = Open circuit voltage, x1 = Positive sequence reactance, x2 = Negative sequence reactance, xo = Zero sequence reactance, xn = Neutral reactance
Here L-L (line to line) fault happened so we will first calculate positive sequence current (i1) then calculate fault current (if) by help of positive sequence current.
Calculation of Positive sequence current (i1);
i1 = 1/(j0.35+j0.25)
i1= -j1.6666 pu
So fault current (if) ;
if = √3 × i1
If = -j2.887 pu
Important Points
- If grounding is not provided or neutral is isolated then there is always zero-sequence current will be zero.
- Positive sequence current is equal and opposite to negative sequence current in L-L fault.
- Both faulted phase voltages (vb and vc) will be equal and positive sequence and negative sequence voltage (v1 and v2) also will be equal in L-L fault
- vb = vc and v1 = v2
Line To Line Fault Question 14:
In which type of fault, zero sequence currents do not exist?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Line To Line Fault Question 14 Detailed Solution
Line to Line fault:
When two conductors of a 3-phase system are short-circuited line to line fault occurs.
IR = 0
IF = IY = -IB
\(\begin{bmatrix} I_{R0}\\ I_{R1}\\ I_{R2} \end{bmatrix}={1\over 3}\begin{bmatrix} 1&1 &1 \\ 1& \alpha &\alpha^2 \\ 1& \alpha^2 & \alpha \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} I_R\\ I_Y\\ I_B \end{bmatrix}\)
\(\begin{bmatrix} I_{R0}\\ I_{R1}\\ I_{R2} \end{bmatrix}={1\over 3}\begin{bmatrix} 1&1 &1 \\ 1& \alpha &\alpha^2 \\ 1& \alpha^2 & \alpha \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 0\\ I_f\\ -I_f \end{bmatrix}\)
\(I_{R0} = {1\over 3}({0+ I_f-I_f })\)
\(I_{R0} = 0\)...........(i)
\(I_{R1} = {1\over 3}({0+\alpha I_f-\alpha ^2I_f })\)
\(I_f=\sqrt{3}I_{R1}\)
From equation (i), we found that zero sequence currents do not exist in the LL fault.
Line To Line Fault Question 15:
An 11 kV, 25 MVA, 3-phase Y-connected alternator was subjected to three different types of fault at its terminals. The fault currents were:
5610 A for a three phase fault
6760 A for line to line fault
8630 A for single line to ground fault.
If the alternator neutral is solidly grounded, the zero-sequence reactance of the alternator (in pu) is _________Answer (Detailed Solution Below) 0.1 - 0.15
Line To Line Fault Question 15 Detailed Solution
Voltage (E) = 11 kV
Phase voltage (Eph) \(= \frac{{11}}{{\sqrt 3 }}kV = 6.35\;kV\)
Three phase fault current = 5610 A
\({I_{f\left( {3 - \phi } \right)}} = \frac{{{E_{ph}}}}{{{X_1}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 5610 = \frac{{6.35 \times {{10}^3}}}{{{X_1}}}\)
⇒ X1 = 1.132 Ω
L-L fault current = 6760 A
\({I_{f\left( {L - L} \right)}} = \frac{{\sqrt 3 {E_{ph}}}}{{{X_1} + {X_2}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 6760 = \frac{{\sqrt 3 \times 6.35 \times {{10}^3}}}{{1.132 + {X_2}}}\)
⇒ X2 = 0.495 Ω
L-G fault current = 8630 A
\({I_{f\left( {L - G} \right)}} = \frac{{3{E_{ph}}}}{{{X_1} + {X_2} + {X_0}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 8630 = \frac{{3 \times 6.35 \times {{10}^3}}}{{1.132 + 0.495 + {X_0}}}\)
⇒ X0 = 0.58 Ω
\({X_{base}} = \frac{{\left( {kV} \right)_{base}^2}}{{{{\left( {MVA} \right)}_{base}}}} = \frac{{{{\left( {11} \right)}^2}}}{{25}} = 4.84\;{\rm{\Omega }}\)
\({X_{0pu}} = \frac{{{X_0}}}{{{X_{base}}}} = \frac{{0.58}}{{4.84}} = 0.1198\;pu\)