Library Automation MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Library Automation - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is (i) and (iii) are correct

Key Points

• Centre of Excellence for Digital Preservation:
  • The government has initiated the Centre of Excellence for Digital Preservation at CDAC, Pune, and CDAC, Noida with the following objectives:
    • Advancing R&D in Digital Preservation across different domains.
    • Creating pilot Digital Preservation repositories.
    • Establishing Digital Preservation Standards and Best Practices.
    • Raising awareness regarding potential threats and risks associated with digital obsolescence.

Additional Information

• DEITY:
  • DeitY, which stands for the Department of Electronics and Information Technology, was previously named the Department of Information Technology.
  • The department underwent a name change in 2012, becoming the Department of Electronics and Information Technology.
  • Subsequently, in July 2016, DeitY was elevated to a full-fledged Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, separate from the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.
• Several digital preservation tools are available:
  • e-SANGRAHAN: E-acquisition tool
  • e-RUPĀNTAR: Pre-archival data processing tool
  • DATĀNTAR: E-records extraction tool
  • SUCHI SAMEKAN: Metadata importing and aggregation tool
  • META-PARIVARTAN: Metadata conversion tool
  • DATA HASTĀNTAR: Data encryption and transfer tool
  • PDF/A converter tool

The Correct answer is (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)

Key Points

• Google →Cardboard
  • Google Cardboard is a virtual reality platform developed by Google.
  • It’s made of foldable cardboard, into which you place your smartphone to experience VR.
  • Purpose: To democratize VR by making it affordable and widely accessible.
  • It's the simplest and cheapest VR solution, often used for educational or entry-level VR experiences.
• Samsung → Gear VR
  • Samsung Gear VR is a virtual reality headset developed by Samsung in collaboration with Oculus (a division of Meta/Facebook).
  • It works with select Samsung Galaxy smartphones that act as the screen and processor.
  • The device allows immersive mobile VR experiences and was among the first consumer-focused mobile VR devices.
• HTC → Vive
  • This should correctly be HTC Vive, not Hive (likely a typo).
  • The HTC Vive is a high-end VR headset developed by HTC and Valve Corporation.
  • It’s widely used in gaming, simulations, and enterprise environments.
  • It supports room-scale VR and uses motion tracking sensors.
• Sony → PlayStation VR
  • Sony’s PlayStation VR is a VR headset designed to work with the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 gaming consoles.
  • It features immersive visuals and audio tailored for console-based gaming.
  • Sony was the first major gaming console brand to enter the VR space with a dedicated headset.

The Correct answer is (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct.

Key Points

• Timescape: Kolkata" is an augmented reality (AR) application created through collaboration between the University of Liverpool, Jadavpur University, and the British Library.
• This app enables mobile users to delve into a collection of rare archival images and data related to heritage sites in Kolkata.
• As users navigate through the city, they can explore and interact with historical content, offering a unique and immersive experience.
• This innovative app is compatible with iOS and Android devices, offering users a journey through the historic city using photographs captured by Frederick Fiebig, W.G Stretton and Company, and the renowned Bourne and Shepherd.
• Supriya Chaudhuri mentioned that the app strengthens the idea of cities as 'visualized spaces, appearing before our eyes as seen, remembered, or projected.'

Additional Information

• Augmented Reality (AR):
  • ​Augmented Reality (AR) refers to a real-world environment enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information.
  • It integrates digital elements into a person's perception of the real world across various sensory modalities such as visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory, and olfactory.
  • The key benefit of AR is its ability to seamlessly incorporate digital components into the user's perception, providing an immersive experience that feels like a natural part of the environment.
• AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS IN LIBRARIES:
  • ​Aurasma
  • Layer
  • Google Goggles
  • libARi
  • ShelvAR
• IMPORTANT AUGMENTED REALITY LIBRARY PROJECTS:
  • ​Librarian-in-Black
  • New York Public Library’s Find the Future.
  • Miami University Augmented Research Group (MUARG)
  • Smart Library
  • Wolf Walk
  • Expedition Deventer

The Correct answer is A and D.

Key Points

Workflow for Creating a Digital Collection: Effective digitization follows three main phases.

• Preparation & Inspection:
  • Item Handling: Track movement from storage, inspect condition before and after digitization, and involve conservators for fragile materials.
  • Metadata Review: Ensure existing bibliographic and structural metadata support discovery. If insufficient, create or enhance metadata (including multilingual descriptions) before scanning. Verify foliation and inventories and flag items to omit.
• Digitization:
  • Equipment Selection:
    • Choose capture devices (flatbed, book scanners, high-resolution cameras) suited to your materials and project goals.
    • Use consistent methods across each object; avoid mass-digitization machines on fragile items.
  • Image Quality:
    • Define resolution, color depth, and lighting based on archival masters and display needs.
    • Include foldouts in sequence, plan for storage and download times, and consider capturing at 1.5× your final target resolution for future flexibility.
  • Fidelity to the Original:
    • Photograph entire objects (pages, bindings, flyleaves) without cropping.
    • Insert a linear scale for size reference and maintain true orientation.
    • Use backing boards for translucent pages and include a color target for calibration; re-calibrate devices and displays regularly.
  • Conservation Balance:
    • Coordinate with conservators on safe handling, environmental controls, and specialized cradles or humidifiers.
    • Return originals promptly, tracking every movement.
• Post-Capture Processing & Ingest:
  • Quality Control: Review images on calibrated monitors, re-capture any that fail standards, and confirm structural metadata.
  • Minimal Processing: Restrict edits to approved color corrections, documented by policy.
  • File Management: Apply standardized naming conventions and assign persistent identifiers. Consider OCR, text markup, or geospatial tags to enrich access.
  • Storage & Ingest: Move master files to secure repositories; purge temporary copies. Ingest images and metadata into your digital repository following local infrastructure requirements.

The Correct answer is D Space.

Key Points

• The DSpace project was initiated in July 2000 as part of the HP-MIT alliance
• The first public version of DSpace was released in November 2002, as a joint effort between developers from MIT and HP Labs.
• The DSpace Foundation was formed in 2007 as a non-profit organization to provide support to the growing community of institutions that use DSpace.
• DSpace Information Model:
  • Information Model of Dspace is broadly divided in four components, that is Communities, Collections, Items and Bitstreams. 
  • Community reflects the unit of an organization, collection in each community is distinct grouping of items, Items are logical content objects where as bitstreams are individual files
• DSpace sites are structured into communities, mirroring the organizational layout of universities with divisions into colleges, departments, research centers, or laboratories.
• Within communities, there are collections, groupings of related content that may be present in multiple communities.
• Collections consist of items, the fundamental archival elements, each owned by a single collection but potentially appearing in other collections. Items are then divided into named bundles of bitstreams, which are essentially streams of bits representing ordinary computer files.
• Each item is associated with one owning collection, emphasizing a structured and organized archival system.

Additional Information

• GSDL:
  • The Greenstone Digital Library (GSDL) software is developed by the University of Waikato.
  • Greenstone is issued under the terms of the GNU General Public License. It originated in 1996.
  • Greenstone users employ the “Librarian” interface to create and maintain digital library collections
• Fedora-
  • Fedora Linux is a Linux distribution developed by the Fedora Project in 2003
  • Fedora is a compilation of software packages, each under its own license
  • The Fedora Project is a community of people working together to build a free and open-source software platform and to collaborate on and share user-focused solutions built on that platform.

The Correct answer is JASPER.

Key Points

• JASPER:
  • Project JASPER (JournAlS are Preserved forevER) was launched on World Preservation Day 2020 to address the issue of disappearing online journals, including both open-access and closed-access ones.
  • The initiative recognizes the importance of long-term archiving for scholarly work. 
  • Project JASPER is committed to preventing the disappearance of valuable resources.
  • It focuses on closing the preservation gap among open-access journals.
  • The process involves determining the best archiving option for publishers based on factors such as platform, the ability to send article metadata to DOAJ, and the capability to export and zip full text and images.
  • The goal is to guide journals toward the most suitable archiving option.

Additional Information

• CLOCKSS:
  • CLOCKSS is a nonprofit collaboration involving prominent academic publishers and research libraries.
  • It manages 12 archive nodes situated at key academic institutions globally.
• LOCKOSS:
  • The LOCKSS ("Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe") project, under the auspices of Stanford University.
  • It supports an open-source system allowing libraries to collect, preserve and provide their readers with access to material published on the Web.
  • Its main goal is digital preservation.
• ​DOAJ:​
  • Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ): DOAJ is an online directory of open-access journals consisting of 1,824,687 articles from peer-reviewed journals. 

The correct answer is A, C, and E only.

Key Points

• Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), commonly known as weak AI or narrow AI, represents the sole form of artificial intelligence that has been effectively developed so far.
• Narrow AI is purpose-driven, designed to excel in specific tasks such as facial recognition, speech recognition, driving vehicles, and internet searches.
• It showcases remarkable intelligence in executing the particular task it has been programmed for.

Additional Information

• Artificial Intelligence, a computer science field, aims to mimic human intelligence in machines, enabling them to execute tasks usually requiring human intellect.
• Programmable AI functions encompass planning, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
• Artificial intelligence systems, whether existing or theoretical, can be categorized into three distinct types:
  • ​Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), exhibiting limited abilities;
  • ​Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), matching human capabilities; and
  • Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), surpasses human capabilities.
• ​Artificial General Intelligence (AGI),
  • ​Sometimes called strong AI or deep AI, envisions a machine possessing broad intellectual capabilities akin to human intelligence and behaviors.
  • AGI exhibits learning capacity and can employ its intelligence to address diverse problems.
  • It has the potential to think, comprehend, and respond like a human across a wide range of situations.
• Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)
  • It is the theoretical form of AI that transcends mere imitation or comprehension of human intelligence and behavior.
  • ASI entails machines achieving self-awareness and exceeding the capabilities of human intelligence and proficiency.

The correct answer is ​(C), (A), (B), (D):

Key Points​

Important Points

• WordPress:
  • WordPress (WP or WordPress.org) is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) written in hypertext preprocessor (PHP) language and it is paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database with supported HTTPS.
  • WordPress was released on May 27, 2003, by its founders, American developer Matt Mullenweg and English developer Mike Little.
  • WordPress Foundation owns WordPress.
• Joomla:
  • Joomla is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) for publishing web content on websites.
  • Joomla was the outcome of a fork of Mambo on 17 August 2005.
  • On 28 January 2008, the first major revision to Joomla was announced:
• Drupal:
  • Drupal is a free and open-source web content management system (CMS) written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License.
  • Drupal was originally written by Dries Buytaert and was first released in 2001.
• ​Magento:
  • ​Magento is an open-source e-commerce platform written in PHP. It uses multiple other PHP frameworks such as Laminas (formerly known as Zend Framework) and Symfony.
  • The software was originally developed by Varien Inc., a US private company.
  • Magento officially started development in early 2007. Seven months later, on August 31, 2007, the first public beta version was released.
  • Magento provides two distinct platforms: Magento Open Source and Magento Commerce

The Correct answer is It provides centralized architecture for digital library.

Key Points

• Dienst refers to a system designed to configure individual services on distributed servers to collaborate in providing digital library services.
• Features of Dianst:
  • Conceptual architecture for distributed digital libraries
  • Protocol for service communication in digital library systems
  • Software system that serves as a reference implementation for the protocol and architecture
  • Defines operational characteristics of core digital services
  • Structured document model
  • Open and extensible protocol for communication and document access
  • Provides a mechanism for defining and managing distributed collections

Additional Information

Digital Library Models and Architectures:

• Kahn-Wilensky Architecture:
  • Kahn and Wilensky (1995) defined a framework for distributed digital libraries, comprising a large number of digital objects across various material types.
  • Their key contribution was introducing naming conventions to identify and locate digital objects within repositories.
  • This framework laid the foundation for organizing and accessing digital content over networks.
• CRADDL (Cornell Reference Architecture for Distributed Digital Libraries):
  • Developed by Cornell University’s Digital Library Research Group, CRADDL is a component-based architecture for digital libraries. It includes five essential services:
    • Repository Service: Manages the deposit, storage, and access of digital objects.
    • Naming Service: Assigns unique identifiers to digital objects (URNs).
    • Indexing Service: Enables the discovery of objects via queries.
    • Collection Service: Aggregates digital objects into meaningful collections.
    • User Interface Services: Provides human-centered interfaces for interacting with the digital library.
• Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA):
  • CORBA represents a widely used model for distributed object-oriented computing.
  • It is integrated into the middleware of many commercial network system products.
  • CORBA is based on object-oriented and client-server technologies, offering an open systems approach for digital library designers to implement its specifications as needed.
  • CORBA is platform-independent at both hardware and software levels, allowing distributed components across various servers.
  • The Infobus Project at Stanford University implemented CORBA as the protocol for accessing a variety of information services.
• Software Agents Architecture and UMDL:
  • The University of Michigan Digital Library Project (UMDL) employs software agents in a federated system for digital library collections and services.
  • These agents are highly encapsulated software modules, each responsible for specific tasks.
  • The three primary types of agents in UMDL are:
    • User Interface Agent (UIA): Mediates user access to the system, converts queries, and manages user profiles.
    • Collection Interface Agent (CIA): Manages access to collections and describes the content, structure, and indexing systems.
    • Mediation Agent (MA): Coordinates tasks between agents, supports system activities, and maintains statistics.

The Correct answer is (A), (C), (D) Only.

 Key Points

• Content management systems:
  • ​A content management system (CMS) is software designed to enable users to create, manage, and edit website content without requiring technical expertise.
  • Essentially, a CMS allows the construction of a website without the necessity of coding knowledge.
  • At a more technical level, a CMS comprises two fundamental components:
    • Content Management Application (CMA): This part facilitates the addition and management of content on the website.
    • Content Delivery Application (CDA): Operating behind the scenes, the CDA processes the content entered in the CMA, ensures proper storage, and presents it to visitors on the website.
• Types of Content Management Systems:
  • Component Content Management System (CCMS):
    • A CCMS distinguishes itself from a standard CMS by organizing content at a more granular level.
    • Instead of managing content page by page, it focuses on individual words, phrases, paragraphs, or images (referred to as "components"), storing them centrally.
    • This system ensures maximum content reuse, with components stored only once.
    • The CCMS acts as a reliable source, publishing content across various platforms such as mobile, PDF, and print.
  • Document Management System (DMS):
    • ​In the digital era, paper-based tracking of business files is obsolete.
    • A DMS provides a paperless solution for managing, storing, and tracking documents in the cloud.
    • It automates the process of uploading, processing and sharing business documents without the need for printing, copying, or scanning.
  • Enterprise Content Management System (ECM):
    • ​An ECM efficiently collects, organizes, and delivers an organization's documentation, ensuring that critical information reaches the appropriate audience (employees, customers, stakeholders).
    • It grants easy access to content for project completion and decision-making, deleting files after a specified retention period to avoid unnecessary storage.
  • Web Content Management System (WCMS):
    • ​Tailored for managing the digital components of a website without requiring expertise in markup languages or web programming, a WCMS provides collaboration, authoring, and administration tools.
    • Unlike other CMSs that handle both web and print content, a WCMS exclusively manages web content.
  • Digital Asset Management System (DAM):
    • ​A DAM simplifies the storage, organization, and sharing of digital content.
    • Operating as a centralized library, it allows users to access digital assets such as audio, creative files, video, documents, and presentations.
    • Cloud-based, a DAM enables users to retrieve content from any location.
  • Collaborative Content Management System:
    • ​This CMS is created to enhance collaboration among multiple users involved in content creation, editing, and publication.
    • Equipped with features like version control, workflow management, and access control, it ensures the efficient and effective creation and publishing of content.
  • Digital Research Repository System:
    • ​This CMS is utilized for the management and preservation of digital research data.
    • It serves as a platform for researchers to securely store, share, and access their research data in an organized manner.

Examples of CMS:

• WordPress
• Joomla
• Drupal
• Magento
• Sitecore
• TYPO3
• concrete CMS
• PrestaShop
• Silverstripe CMS

The correct answer is Creative Commons.

Key Points  Creative Commons:

• Creative Commons is a nonprofit organization that provides free, easy-to-use copyright licenses to creators. These licenses let creators share their work with others while still retaining some control over how it is used.
• Creative Commons licenses are based on copyright law, which gives creators the exclusive right to copy, distribute, perform, display, and create derivative works from their work. However, copyright law also allows creators to give others permission to use their work, and Creative Commons licenses are a way for creators to do this.
• There are six Creative Commons (CC) licenses, each specifying usage permissions granted by the content creator. While the creator retains copyright, the chosen CC license allows others to reuse the content under defined conditions.

Additional Information

• Sherpa:
  • ​SHERPA (Securing a Hybrid Environment for Research Preservation and Access) is an organization established in 2002 to oversee the SHERPA Project.
  • SHERPA was honored in 2007 with the SPARC Europe Award for Outstanding Achievements in Scholarly Communication for its contributions to open access and repositories at both national and international scales.
  • SHERPA is engaged in various projects and services, including:
    • FACT: Assists authors in adhering to open access policies of research funders.
    • SHERPA/RoMEO: Offers a comprehensive list of publishers' copyright agreements and retained author rights.
    • SHERPA/Juliet: Provides information on research funders' archiving mandates and guidelines.
    • OpenDOAR: Offers a global directory of open-access repositories.
• Derivative Creation:
  • ​In copyright law, a derivative work is a new creation that includes significant copyrightable elements from an original work.
  • The resulting derivative work is distinct from the first, taking its own form.
  • Common examples of derivative works include translations, cinematic adaptations, and musical arrangements.
• Websites creation:
  • ​Website creation refers to the process of designing, developing, and constructing a website on the Internet.
  • It involves various tasks such as planning the website's structure, layout, content, and functionality, as well as coding, graphic design, and optimizing for user experience.
  • Website creation aims to establish a digital presence for individuals, businesses, organizations, or other entities, allowing them to share information, interact with users, and provide services or products online.

The correct answer is "(B) and (C) only".

Key Points

• Content Management System (CMS)-
  • A content management system (CMS) is a software package that provides some level of automation for the tasks required to effectively manage content.
  • A CMS allows editors to create new content, edit existing content, perform editorial processes on content, and ultimately make that content available to other people to consume it.
  • CMS is comprised of many parts. The editing interface,  repository, publishing mechanisms, etc.
  • For example- WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, etc.
• Characteristics of CMS-
  • The most important features of CMS are that a dynamic website can be created without any programming and design knowledge. 
  • A CMS has an inbuilt Media Management System which is used to manage images, music, documents, etc., and can be used with text content

The correct answer is SOUL 3.0.

Key Points

•  SOUL:
  • Software for University Libraries (SOUL) is a state-of-the-art integrated library management software designed and developed by the INFLIBNET Centre based on the requirements of college and university libraries,

  • The first version of software i.e. SOUL 1.0 was released during CALIBER 2000. The SOUL 2.0 software was released in January 2009 and the latest version of the software i.e. SOUL 3.0 released in February 2021

  • The database for the new version of SOUL is designed for the latest versions of MS-SQL and MySQL (or any other popular RDBMS).

The Correct answer is Five.

Key Points

• PREMIS, which stands for "PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies," was an international working group sponsored by OCLC and RLG from 2003 to 2005.
• The group developed the PREMIS Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata, providing both a data dictionary and narrative guidance on preservation metadata.
• The second version of this report was issued in March 2008, with the Library of Congress maintaining a schema for representing PREMIS in XML.
• The PREMIS data model defines five key entities:
  • Intellectual Entities: These represent the conceptual or logical content to be preserved, such as a digital collection, dataset, or work. They are the highest-level concept in preservation.
  • Objects: These are the actual digital representations (files or bitstreams) stored and managed for preservation.
  • Events: These actions or processes (such as creation, migration, or format transformation) are crucial for maintaining the integrity of digital objects over time.
  • Rights: This entity covers the intellectual property rights and access control associated with digital objects to ensure proper management and protection.
  • Agents: These represent individuals or organizations responsible for the creation, management, or preservation of digital objects, including software tools used for processing or migrating data.

The correct answer is A - I, B - III, C - IV, D - II.

Key Points

• Maitreyee:
  • CMC Ltd. has developed MAITRAYEE for the CALIBNET project.
  • The project of developing the library computerization package for participating libraries of CALIBNET was commissioned by NISSAT, a government agency.
  • The software package has been developed using a customizable RDBMS package called INGRES.
  • MAITRAYEE has six different modules (sub-systems).
• Sanjay:​
  • SANJAY: an Indian library automation package based on CDS/ISIS
  • It is a library automation software package.
  • SANJAY has been developed in the CDS/ISIS V2.3 environment
  • It is developed extensively using the Pascal interface to meet the requirements of a model library.
  • It was developed by DESIDOC.​
• Libsys-
  • The LibSys is a group of integrated multi-user library management systems that runs on various platforms such as UNIX, NOVELL LAN, WINDOWS NT, WINDOWS XP, etc.
  • Libeys is designed to be compatible with various operating systems, making it versatile and adaptable.
  • It is built around its indigenous bibliographic database following ANSI Z39.2 format and supports variable field lengths for different types of documents
  • The development of LibSys was started with Info-Tek Consultants Pvt. Ltd., a New Delhi-based software company that engaged in providing software solutions since the year 1984.
• e-Granthalaya
  • It is a Digital Platform developed by the National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India.
  • Version 4.0 of e Granthalaya was the first version which is a Cloud Ready Application to facilitate web-based data entry with a Centralized Database.
  • e-Granthalaya Version 4.0 utilizes the Postgre SQL database system for efficient data management.
  • e-Granthalaya was started as an in-house project at 'The Karnataka State Centre of NIC in 2002 for the automation of public libraries in the Karnataka state.