Knowledge Society MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Knowledge Society - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)

Key Points

• NALANDA:
  •  it ​is one of the largest digital libraries in the country.
  • It was initiated in 1999 by the National Institute of Technology, Calicut.
  • It serves the campus with research and other academic information in science, engineering, and technology.
• The Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL):
  • ​It is a digital initiative launched by the Indian government in 2001 to protect the traditional knowledge of India from being patented by foreign entities.
  • The TKDL is a collaborative effort between the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) in India.
• Muktabodha: Digital Library and Archiving Project:
  • ​The Muktabodha Digital Library and Archiving Project, established in 2003, is an endeavor led by the Muktabodha Indological Research Institute in New Delhi.
  • Collaborating institutions include the French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP) and the Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), with support from the SYDA Foundation, USA.
  • The project primarily focuses on the preservation of scriptural texts related to the Tantric and Agamic traditions, as well as the Vedic chanting and associated ritual and philosophical knowledge of India's oral tradition.
  • The key objective of the Digital Library is to conserve rare Sanskrit manuscripts and texts through the use of various digital formats, thereby making them easily accessible for global academic study through their website.
• ​National Databank on Indian Art and Culture (NDBIAC):
  • ​The National Databank on Indian Art and Culture (NDBIAC), an initiative by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) in New Delhi, India, is a project that received support from the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT) and the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
  • Launched in 2006 as part of the second phase of the digitization project, NDBIAC aims to promote the accessibility of Indian cultural resources through digital technology.
  • it provides virtual walk-throughs of various archaeological monuments, grants access to back issues of the ASI journal "Indian Archaeology - A Review," ASI reports, and a collection of rare books in Hindi, Sanskrit, and English, focusing on art and culture.

The correct answer is (a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)

Key Points

• Shannon and Weaver Model-
  • ​Shannon and Weaver (1949) provided a visual mode of a communication system in relation to electronic media popularly referred to as Shannon and Weaver's model of communication or the ‘Mathematical model of communication’.
  • The communication model was initially published in the 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Communication and explains communication in terms of five basic components:
    • A source -  It produces a desired message out of a set of possible messages.
    • A transmitter - It changes the message into signals suitable for transmission.
    • A channel - It carries signals from the transmitter which transfer to the receiver
    • A receiver - It transfers the transmitted signals back into a message
    • A destination - It is the final consumer of the message.

• Berlo's model:
  • Berlo's model, developed by David Berlo in 1960, is a linear transmission model of communication.
  • Influenced by earlier models like the Shannon–Weaver model and Schramm's model, it is commonly known as the Source-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) model, emphasizing its four key components: source, message, channel, and receiver.
  • Each of the main components comprises several key attributes.
  • Both the source and receiver share common attributes, including communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, and their social-cultural background.
    • Communication skills influence the encoding and decoding proficiency of the communicators, while attitudes affect their preferences toward the topic and each other.
  • The attributes of the message involve the code, content, treatment, elements, and structure.
    • The code is a sign system, such as language, used to transmit the message. 
  • The final key component is the channel, which signifies the medium and process of message transmission.
    • Berlo primarily addresses the channel with regard to the five senses employed in message decoding: sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. 

• Davis Foulger`s Model:
  • Davis Foulger (2004) introduced his Ecological model in 2002 and refined it in 2004, serving as an elaboration of Lasswell's classic communication outline.
  • The model establishes key relationships between people, messages, language, media, and the communication they facilitate.
  • Communication between individuals, both creators and consumers, is mediated by three constructs.
  • Language is employed to construct messages within media.
  • The model visually represents these propositions, illustrating people communicating through the mediation of messages that are created and consumed using language within media.
  • Additionally, languages and media are portrayed as both learned and created.
  • The figure summarizes ten relationships, emphasizing that communication occurs at the intersection of four fundamental constructs.

• Helical model of Communication
  • ​Helical Model of communication, proposed by Frank Dance in 1967.
  • Frank Dance explains the communication process based on this Helix structure.

The Correct answer is (i) and (iv) are correct.

Key PointsInformation has been defined in various ways by scholars:

• Weisman (1972): Information is knowledge, intelligence, facts, or data that can be used, communicated, or transferred, derived from experience, observation, interaction, or reading.
• Bhattacharyya (1978): Information is the message conveyed by a systematic body of ideas or its acceptable alternatives.
• Feynman (1996): Information is not just a physical property of a message but also depends on the receiver’s knowledge about it.
• McCreadie and Rice (1999): After reviewing five decades of information studies, they categorized information as:
  • Representation of Knowledge: Stored knowledge, traditionally in books, increasingly in electronic media.
  • Data in Environment: Information from environmental stimuli, informative when interpreted.
  • Part of Communication: Meaning lies in people, with social and timing factors influencing interpretation.
  • Resource or Commodity: Information as a message exchanged between sender and receiver, gaining value during dissemination.
• Madden (2000): Information is a stimulus from one system affecting another system’s interpretation of their relationship or their environment.

Types of Information (Shera, 1972)

• Conceptual Information: Related to ideas, theories, or hypotheses about variable relationships.
• Empirical Information: Based on experience or research data, either personal or communicated.
• Directive Information: Used to coordinate and support effective group activities.
• Policy Information: Focused on decision-making processes.
• Stimulatory Information: Motivated internally or influenced by the environment.
• Procedural Information: Data related to investigation methods, reflecting scientific approaches and testing.

The Correct answer is (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) are correct.

Key Points

• According to Berlo, several source attributes affect how a message is conveyed:
  • Communication Skills: The sender’s ability to encode and express the message clearly using effective language determines how well the message is understood.
  • Attitudes: The sender’s feelings toward the receiver, topic, and communication influence the message’s tone and emotional impact.
  • Knowledge: A sender’s depth of understanding on the subject enhances the accuracy, credibility, and authority of the message.
  • Social System and Culture: The sender’s cultural and social background shapes the message’s framing, affecting its relevance and acceptance by different audiences.

Additional Information

• SMCR stands for Source-Message-Channel-Receiver model.
• It is a linear transmission model of communication.
• It is also referred to as the SMCR model, the Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver model, and Berlo's model.
• It was first published by David Berlo in 1960.
• It was published in the book The Process of Communication.
• It contains a detailed discussion of the four main components of communication (source, message, channel, and receiver) in the form of an analysis of the different features of each component.

The correct answer is A, B and C.

Key Points

• The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998.
• It implements two key 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) treaties: the WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty.
• The DMCA also addresses various significant copyright issues.
• The DMCA is divided into five titles:
  • Title I: Implements the WIPO treaties.
  • Title II: Limits the liability of online service providers for copyright infringement under certain conditions.
  • Title III: Exempts making copies of computer programs for maintenance or repair purposes.
  • Title IV: Includes miscellaneous provisions on the Copyright Office, distance education, library exceptions, ephemeral recordings, webcasting, and motion picture rights transfers.
  • Title V: Introduces protection for the design of vessel hulls.

The correct answer is "Providing access to published works for visually impaired persons".

Key Points

• Marrakesh Treaty 2013-
  • The Marrakesh Treaty was adopted on June 27, 2013, and entered into force on September 30, 2016.
  • It was administered by "World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)" providing access to published works for visually impaired persons.
  • The treaty allows for copyright exceptions to facilitate the creation of accessible versions of books and other copyrighted works for visually impaired persons.
  • India was the first country to ratify the treaty on June 24, 2014.
  • It sets a norm for countries ratifying the treaty to have a domestic copyright exception and allow for the import and export of such materials.

• The objective of the Marrakesh VIP Treaty - 
  • The primary goal of the Marrakesh Treaty is to create a set of mandatory limitations and exceptions for the benefit of the blind, visually impaired, and otherwise print-disabled (VIPs).
  • It Permits “Authorized entities” and “Beneficiaries” themselves to make accessible copies without the owner's permission or license.
  • It makes provision to permit cross-border sharing of these accessible format works.

The correct answer is "Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)".

Key Points

• IPR allows the creators or owners of IP to benefit from their work or from their investment in a creation by giving them control over how their property is used.
• Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)-
  • It includes patents, copyright, industrial design rights, trademarks, plant variety right, and geographical indications.
• Objectives of IPR-
  • It helps in protecting the ownership and originality of the individuals’ creations.
  • It provides recognition to the concerned person or authority.
  • It allows owners of intellectual property to have financial benefits from the property they have created.
  • It can also offer some economic aid to the holder of the right, through the monopoly of their creations.
  • Creators are provided financial incentives for the creation of and also incur the cost of investment in intellectual property.

The Correct answer is A and C only.

Key Points

• Penalties for Faculty, Staff, or Researcher:
  • ​Level 1 (10%-40%)– he/she will be asked to withdraw the manuscript submitted for publication and will not be allowed to publish any work for a minimum time period of 1 year.
  • Level 2 (40%-60%)– he/she will be asked to withdraw the manuscript submitted for publication and will not be allowed to publish their work for a minimum time period of 2 years. He/she will also be denied any annual increment that they have been receiving, he/she will also not be allowed to act as a supervisor for students or scholars for 2 years.
  • Level 3 (above 60%)– he/she will be asked to withdraw the manuscript submitted for publication and will not be allowed to publish any work for a minimum time period of 3 years. He/she will also be denied any annual increment they are receiving for 2 years, he/she will not be allowed to act as a supervisor for students or scholars for a period of 3 years.

Additional Information

• The various penalties for plagiarism have been provided in Section 13 of the guidelines.
• Penalties for Students:
  • ​Level 1 (10%-40%)– the student will not be given any mark or credit and the revised script must be resubmitted within a stipulated time period that does not exceed 6 months.
  • Level 2 (40%-60%)– the student will not be given any mark or credit and the revised script is to be resubmitted between 1 year and 18 months.
  • Level 3 (above 60%)– the student will not be given any mark or credit and their registration for that course will be canceled.
  • If a student repeats such an act of plagiarism then the punishment will be for the next level to the one previously committed. In cases where the highest level of plagiarisation occurs then the punishment remains the same and the registration will be canceled.

The correct answer is Conrad & Poole:

Key PointsFew definitions of communication are:

• Conrad & Poole: “Communication is the process by which people interactively create, sustain and manage meaning” 
• US ARMY: “Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another; it involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receiver.”
• William Rice-Johnson: "A communication takes place when one individual, a sender, displays, transmits or otherwise directs a set of symbols to another individual, a receiver, with the aim of changing something, either something the receiver is doing (or not doing) or changing his or her world view. This set of symbols is typically described as a message." 
• Pranav Mistry: “Effective communication occurs only if the receiver
  understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit. Many of the problems that occur in an organization are either the direct result of people failing to communicate and/or processes, which leads to confusion and can cause good plans to fail."
• Peter Drucker: "The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn't said."

Additional Information

• Components of Communication:
  • Source,
  • Sender.
  • Channel,
  • Receiver,
  • Destination,
  • Message ,
  • Feedback.
  • Context.

The Correct answer is Who approaches directly to CIS or SIC without approaching CPIO or SPIO as the case may be.

Key Points

• As per the RTI Act 2005, a person who approaches directly to CIS or SIC directly without approaching CPIO or SPIO as the case may be can not submit a complaint.
• Section 18(1) of the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, outlines the circumstances in which an individual can make a complaint to the Information Commission. These circumstances include:
  • When an appellant is unable to submit her RTI application since no PIO or APIO is appointed, or they refuse to take the RTI application.
  • When information is denied by the PIO.
  • When information has not been provided within the time limit provided.
  • Where a fee in excess of that specified in the rules is being charged.etc

Additional Information

• RTI Act, 2005:
  • The Right to Information (RTI) was first introduced in the year 2005.
  • The Act received Presidential assent on 15th June 2005.
  • The RTI Act came into force on 12th October 2005.
  • The Right to Information is a tool to find out information that can make their lives better.
  • It mandates timely response to citizen requests for Government information.
  • There are only 2 schedules in the RTI Act 2005.
  • Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan is the organization that was instrumental in the passage of the RTI Act.
  • The first RTI application in India was submitted by Shahid Raza Burney.
  • Sweden is the first country to pass the Right to Information Act.

The correct answer is "1886".

Key Points

• Berne Convention-
  • The Berne Convention also known as the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works was an international assembly held in 1886 in the Swiss city of Bern by ten European countries.
  • The goal was to agree on a set of legal principles for the protection of original work. 
  • The Convention provides authors, musicians, poets, painters, and other creators with the means to control how their works are used, by whom, and on what terms.

The correct answer is Copyright.

Key Points

• The Berne Convention of 1886 is related to Copyright Protection or Literary Protection.
• It is a set of principles for the protection of Original Work.​​
• The treaty provides authors, musicians, poets, painters and other creators with means to control how their works are used.

• ​Copyright
  • It protects only the specific expression of an idea, not the Idea itself.
  • In India, the copyrighted work of the Author remained protected for 60 years after the Death of the Owner/Author.

• Standards​
  • A rule or principle that is used as a basis for judgement.
  • ISO 3901:2019 is related to ISBN
  • ISO 11219:2012 is related to Library Buildings.

• Patents
  • The Exclusive Right granted for an Invention to its Inventor. 
  • The Owner has the legal right to exclude others from making, using or selling his Invention.

The correct answer is knowledge is dependent

Key Points

•  Knowledge:
  • ​Knowledge is an organized set of statements of fact or ideas, presenting a reasoned judgment or an experimental result that is transmitted to others through some communication medium in some systematic form.
  • Knowledge is interpretation in context, relatedness, conceptualization, and forms of argument.
  • Knowledge is a Dependent entity and is never complete and knowledge is infinite.
  • Types of knowledge;
    • Rational
    • inductive
    • scientific
  • Kinds of knowledge;
    • Procedural
    • Declarative
    • Semantic
    • Episodic
    • Tacit
    • Explicit

Additional Information

•  DIKW pyramid;
  • ​It is also known as the DIKW hierarchy, wisdom hierarchy, knowledge hierarchy, information hierarchy, information pyramid, and the data pyramid
  • Russel Ackoff is seen as who has initiated DKIW in knowledge management.

The Correct answer is ​A - III, B - IV, C - II, D - I.

Key Points

• Customer Portal:
  • ​A Customer Portal is a platform that focuses on the client through personalized access points.
  • A customer portal is a secure website providing current customers with access to essential services and information.
  • Accessed through a login, it typically includes account details, payment history, case information, support resources, and file downloads.
  • Essentially, it serves as a digital hub facilitating communication and information exchange between a company and its customers.
  • Customer portals offer numerous advantages for brands and are warmly welcomed by customers.
• Corporate Portal:
  • A Corporate Portal is for use within the company or organization
  • A corporate portal, also known as an Enterprise Information Portal, functions as a web-based internal network similar to an Intranet, serving to efficiently provide information and services to corporate employees.
  • Unlike a specific Intranet for a particular segment, a corporate portal consolidates resources from various internal and external sources, essentially integrating Intranets and web resources.
  • It replaces the employee's desktop, becoming the primary access point for internal and external resources, including Intranets, business partners' extranets, web-based applications, and Internet resources.  
• E-Commerce Portal:
  • ​An e-commerce portal is an online platform facilitating the sale of products or services between businesses and customers over the Internet.
  • It acts as a virtual marketplace where transactions occur, enabling buyers and sellers to interact and exchange goods or services for payment.
  • It helps in promoting products and markets.
  • The rising popularity of e-commerce portals is attributed to the convenience they provide, allowing customers to shop from home and businesses to access a global audience.
• Information Portal:
  • ​An information portal is a purposefully crafted website that consolidates information from various sources, including purchased, in-house, and open-access data.
  • It incorporates a versatile and feature-rich web-based content management system (CMS).
  • It provides a type of specialized information.

The Correct answer is Trademark.

Key Points

• Trademark:
  • ​Any word, phrase, symbol, design, or combination of these that distinguishes your products or services might be considered a trademark.
  • The symbol of 'Maharaja of Air India' is a Trademark.
  • Other examples include products of Reebok/LG/Whirlpool/Godrej through their logo, which is embossed on their products.

Additional Information

• Copyright:
  • ​It refers to the legal right of the owner of intellectual property.
  • In simpler terms, copyright is the right to copy i.e. the original creators of products and anyone they give authorization to are the only ones with the exclusive right to reproduce the work.
  • Copyright law gives creators of original material the exclusive right to further use and duplicate that material for a given amount of time, at which point the copyrighted item becomes public domain.
• Standard:
  • It refers to a widely accepted or established norm or guideline within the context of protecting and regulating intellectual property assets.
• Patent:
  • A patent is an exclusive right granted for the protection of an invention. The patent provides its owner the exclusive right over the exploitation of the invention for a limited period of time in return for disclosing the invention to the public.