Information Sources & Services MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Information Sources & Services - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is 2012.

Key Points

• Founded in 2012, DigitalOcean was designed to provide simple and affordable cloud computing solutions for developers.
• Its first product, the Droplet, is an easy-to-use virtual machine that can be deployed in minutes.
• Over time, DigitalOcean has expanded its offerings to cater to both developers and small-to-medium-sized businesses (SMBs) at the forefront of innovation.
• Headquartered in New York City, DigitalOcean Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational cloud service provider with 15 data centers worldwide.
• The company offers cloud infrastructure-as-a-service platforms, primarily serving developers, startups, and SMBs.
• In addition to cloud services, DigitalOcean hosts Hacktoberfest, an annual event celebrating open-source software, in partnership with organizations like GitHub, Twilio, and Intel.

The Correct answer is (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)

 Key Points

• NCAER
  • It stands for "National Council of Applied Economic Research
  • It was set up in 1956 
  • NCAER began as a public-private partnership, funded by both the government and private industry.
  • Its initial Governing Body comprised key figures from the Cabinet of Economics Ministers and private sector leaders like C.D. Deshmukh, J.R.D. Tata, John Mathai, and Asoka Mehta.
  • Early financial backing came from the Ford Foundation, coupled with support from the Finance Ministry and Tata Sons.
• DESIDOC:
  • The Defence Scientific Information & Documentation Centre (DESIDOC) operates as part of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), situated in Delhi.
  • Established in 1958 as the Scientific Information Bureau (SIB), it initially functioned under the Defence Science Laboratory (DSL), now known as the Laser Science & Technology Centre.
  • The DRDO library, originating in 1948, became part of SIB in 1959.
  • In 1967, SIB underwent reorganization, expanding its activities and adopting the name Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre (DESIDOC), while still under DSL's administrative control.
  • DESIDOC attained self-accounting status, becoming a DRDO laboratory on July 29, 1970.
  • DESIDOC oversees the Defence Science Library (DSL).
  • The published periodicals include:
    • Defence Science Journal: A bi-monthly research periodical.
    • Technology Focus: A bi-monthly periodical that highlights technologies, products, processes, and systems developed by DRDO.
    • DRDO Newsletter: A monthly newsletter featuring house bulletins of DRDO activities.
    • DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology: Formerly known as DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology (DBIT), this bi-monthly publication covers current library and information technology developments
• NASSDOC:
  • The National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC), renamed so in 1985, was established in 1970 by the Indian Council of Social Science Research(ICSSR), New Delhi.
  • Some of the publications 9f NSSDOC are listed below
    • Current Contents to Indian Social Science Journals (Q)
    • Conference alert (Q)
    • Acquisition Update (Bi-ann)
    • Bibliographic Reprint (Irr)
    • APINESS Newsletter (Bi-ann)
    • in India An Annotated Bibliography
    • Bibliography on India in 2000 AD. (with abstracts)
    • NASSDOC is actively participating in UNESCO's Asia Pacific Information Network in Social Sciences (APINESS). it is bringing out the APINESS Newsletter. NASSDOC is represented in FID and IFLA.
    • NASSDOC is presently engaged in bringing out an Index to Indian Periodicals: Sociology and Psychology (1915-70), which is a retrospective cumulative index.
• NISCAIR​
  • The National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) ) came into existence on 30th September 2002 following the merger of two establishments of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), i.e. National Institute of Science Communication (NISCOM) and the Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC).
  • CISR acts as the parent Body of NISCAIR.
  • NISCAIR is the national centre of the ISSN International Centre for assigning ISSN to serials published in India.
  • Information Services of NISCAIR:
    • Bibliometric Services
    • Literature Search Service
    • Foreign Language Translation and Interpretation Service
    • Contents, Abstract and Photocopy Service (CAPS)
    • Document Copy Supply Service (DCSS)
    • Indian Patents on CD-ROM

The Correct answer is (iii) and (iv) are correct.

Key Points

• National Medical Consortia:
  • UGC-INFONET E-Journal Consortium: Provides access to 494 full-text medical journals and open-access databases like PubMed Central, Biomed Central, HighWire Press, and more.
  • ERMED Consortium: Developed by ICMR, this consortium promotes biomedical research and development, with core members from 39 government institutions, including AIIMS and ICMR libraries.
  • National Medical Library Consortium: Links 25 government medical college libraries and operates under the WHO’s HELLIS Network in Southeast Asia.
  • HELINET: A health science library consortium covering 666 medical colleges, initiated by Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Health Sciences in 2001.
  • NTRMED: A digital library consortium by NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, for 316 member colleges.
• International Medical Consortiums:
  • International Blood-Brain Disruption (IBBBD) Consortium: Focuses on brain tumor treatments through blood-brain barrier opening (Ohio State University)
  • International Multiple Sclerosis Genetic Consortium (IMSGC): Aims to identify genes influencing Multiple Sclerosis, with research from Cambridge University and Duke University.
  • International Genomic Consortium (IGC): A nonprofit organization using genomic research to fight cancer and other diseases.
  • International Consortium for Medical Imaging Technology: Focuses on improving medical imaging technology to enhance diagnosis and healthcare
  • International Consortium for Anti-Virals (ICAV): Accelerates the development of antiviral drugs targeting viral diseases worldwide.
  • Global Health Medical Education Consortium: A consortium promoting international health education, with members from 80+ medical schools in the U.S., Canada, and Central America.
  • The World Care Consortium: Established in 1966, providing specialized healthcare access worldwide through top medical centers like Duke University and Partners HealthCare.
  • WHO Contribution to Medical Library Consortium, Extra MED: A WHO initiative providing access to biomedical journals not included in major indexing sources.
  • The Health Inter Network Access to Research Initiative (HINARI): Provides free or low-cost access to over 2000 biomedical journals for non-profit institutions in developing countries based on GNP.
  • National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM): A network providing health professionals in the U.S. with resources from regional and primary access libraries under the National Library of Medicine.

Additional Information

MEDLARS:

• ​MEDLARS, short for Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, was initiated in 1964 by the National Library of Medicine. Its operational debut coincided with the inaugural computer-generated edition of Index Medicus.
• This marked the establishment of a computerized storage and retrieval system at the National Library of Medicine (NLM).
• It marked the first large-scale, computer-based retrospective search service accessible to the general public.
• The National Library of Medicine had been publishing Index Medicus since 1879, a monthly guide to medical articles across numerous journals.
• The manual compilation of extensive bibliographic citations was a labor-intensive process.

PUBMED:

• PubMed is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics.
• National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is a part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
• NCBI was established in 1988 as a national resource for molecular biology information.
• NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information.
• PubMed includes more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books.

The correct answer is (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)

Key Points

•  Amazon Web Services (AWS)
  • Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a commercial cloud platform owned by Amazon.
  • It offers a wide range of cloud services such as computing, storage, machine learning, etc.
  • It is not open-source, and users pay to use its services.
  • Since the source code is not freely available or modifiable by users, it is proprietary software.
• Eucalyptus
  • Eucalyptus (Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs To Useful Systems) is an open-source cloud computing software.
  • It was one of the earliest platforms that supported AWS-compatible private clouds.
  • It was released under the GNU General Public License version 3 (GPLv3), which allows users to run, study, share, and modify the software.
• OpenStack
  • OpenStack is a well-known open-source cloud computing platform used to build and manage public and private clouds.
  • It is developed and supported by a global community.
  • OpenStack is licensed under the Apache License 2.0, which allows users to use, modify, and distribute the software freely.
• GigaSpaces Cloudify
  • Cloudify is an open-source orchestration platform used for deploying and managing applications and network services across hybrid cloud environments.
  • Developed by GigaSpaces, it emphasizes automation and flexibility.
  • Being open source, its codebase is available for users to modify or extend based on their needs.

The Correct answer is (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct

Key Points

• EPWRF India Time Series (EPWRFITS):
  • Launched in January 2011, the EPWRF India Time Series (EPWRFITS) is an interactive online database developed by the EPW Research Foundation (EPWRF).
  • It was established to offer reliable and structured time series data to support research across various sectors of the Indian economy.
  • Recognizing the critical need for authentic, timely, and accurate data in socio-economic research, EPWRF designed this database around the core principles of accuracy, timeliness, and completeness.
• Key Features:
  • Extensive Coverage: The database provides in-depth data on the Indian economy, covering over 50,000 variables across 20 modules.
  • Historical Depth: Offers continuous time series data dating back to 1950, depending on data availability.
  • Research-Oriented: Widely used and trusted by researchers, academics, and policy analysts in India and abroad.
  • Subscription-Based Access: Major users include ICSSR institutes, universities (central, state, private), IIMs, IITs, banks, and leading management institutions.

The correct answer is Developing Library Network.

Key Points 

• DELNET
  • ​DELNET (Delhi Library Network) was established in 1988 with the initial support of NISSAT.
  • It was also supported by NIC and at the start of it, 30 Libraries in Delhi were added to this network.
  • Later on, Its Name is changed to Developing Library Network.
  • It is the Oldest and Largest Library Network in India.
  • Presently in India, there are 250 libraries and in the world, 8 libraries are its member.
  • It was registered as a society in 1992.

The Correct answer is RRRLF:

Key Points

• RRRLF:
  • ​RRRLF is a Central Autonomous Organization established and fully financed by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
  • It is registered under the West Bengal Societies Registration Act 1961.
  • Established in 1972, its headquarter is in Kolkata, and was declared the nodal agency for the National Mission on Libraries for administrative, logistic, planning, and budgeting purposes.
  • RRRLF's Publications:
    • Indian Libraries: Trends and Perspectives
    • Raja Rammohun Roy and the New Learning
    • Directory of Indian Public Libraries
    • Granthana - Indian Journal of Library Studies (bi-annual)
    • RRRLF Newsletter (bi-monthly).

Additional Information

• NISCAIR:
  • The NISCAIR) was an information science institute in India founded in 2002 by the merger of NISCOM and (INSDOC
  • In 2021, the institute was merged with the National Institute of Science, Technology, and Development Studies to form the National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research  (NIScPR).
  • It operated under the umbrella of CSIR.
  • Services and Activities of NISCAIR.
    • National Science Library (NSL).
    • Development of Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)
    • National Science Digital Library.
• National Library of India:
  • ​The National Library is under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
  • After independence, the Government of India changed the name of the Imperial Library to the National Library by the Imperial Library (Change of Name) Act, of 1948.
  • On 1 February 1953, the National Library was opened to the public by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
• ​Delhi Public Library:
  • ​The Delhi Public Library (DPL) was established in 1951 by the Ministry of Education, Government of India with financial and technical assistance from UNESCO.
  • At present, the Delhi Public Library is functioning under the administrative control of the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. 
  • Delhi Public Library publishes two magazines, namely 'Pustakalaya Bharti' and 'Bhartiya Lok Deepika'.​

Confusion Points

• National Mission on Libraries has been set up by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India, on May 2012.
• The National Mission for Manuscripts was established in February 2003, by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India.

The correct answer is "National Knowledge Commission".

Key Points

• National Knowledge Commission (NKC)-
  • It was set up in India on June 13, 2005, by the Government of India.
  • Its aim was to prepare a blueprint for a reform in education, research Institutes, and intellectual property legislation.
  • It recommended that "​A National Mission on Libraries should be set up for a period of three years which should be converted into a permanent Commission".
  • National Census of all Libraries' was in the recommendations of NKC.

Additional Information

• Dr. Radhakrishnan -
  • Dr. Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan was the first Vice President of India (1952-1962), and the second President of India (1962-1967).
  • The University Education Commission was appointed in 1948 under the chairmanship of Dr. Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan.
  • It was the first commission on education after Independence
• Kothari Education Commission-
  • National Education Commission (1964 - 1966) is popularly known as Kothari Commission.
  • It was set up on July 14, 1964, under the chairmanship of Daulat Singh Kothari the then-chairman of the UGC.
  • The commission recommended that 6.25% of the total university budget be spent on the university library.​
• Prof D.P. Chattopadhayaya Committee-​
  • The National Policy on Library and Information Systems (draft) was appointed by the Department of Culture, Ministry of Human Resource Development in October 1985.
  • Professor D.P. Chattopadhyaya was appointed as the chairman of this committee.
  • It recommended for "6-10% of the education budget for libraries and central government to provide funds under plan expenditure".

The Correct answer is Encyclopedia Britannica:

Key Points

•  Encyclopedia Britannica:
  • Its first edition was published in 1768-1771 in 3 volumes, a second edition was 10 volumes, and by its fourth edition (1801–1810) it had expanded to 20 volumes and was published in 1929, and has been revised with reorganization till 1973.
  • Britannica in 1985 was printed with a two-volume index, leading to an increase in its volumes. The new set of 32 volumes also re-numbered its volumes as follows;
    • Propedia: 1 volume; Propaedia acts as a guide to the Encyclopaedia, 
    • Macropaedia.: Micropaedia: 12 volumes: Micropaedia works as a detailed index to the Macropaedia and provides brief information with each entry
    • Macropaedia: 17 volumes, Macropaedia contains lengthy articles on different topics, and is meant for serious readers.
    • Index: 2 volumes.
  • The last print version was its 2010 edition.
  • Britannica Junior was first published in 1934 in 12 volumes.

Additional Information

• Encyclopedia Americana:
  • ​There have been three separate works using the title Encyclopedia Americana.
    • The first began publishing in 1829-33 by the German exile Francis Lieber.
    • A separate Encyclopedia Americana was published by J.M. Stoddart between 1883 and 1889.
    • In 1902, a new version in 16 volumes was published under the title Encyclopedia Americana, under the editorial supervision of Scientific American magazine.
  • Encyclopedia Americana online became first available in 1996.
• ​Encyclopedia Indica;
  • ​it is written by Jagdish Saran Sharma;
  • It was first published in 1981.
• ​The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology:
  • It was originally published in 1960:
  • The most recent edition in print is the eleventh edition, copyright 2012 comprising twenty volumes.

The Correct answer is a Statement on user information.

Key Points

• User profile
  • ​User Profile – A user profile includes the name, address, and keyword/s that represent the interest of the user.
  • The user profile may be corrected and needs to be updated from time to time.
• Document profile: In the document profile, complete bibliographical details of the documents are provided along with the keywords that represent the subject/s of the document.
• Matching: In this process, the user profile file is matched with the document profile file.
• Notification: In this process, the user is notified by e-mail, or any other communication means about the document that has matched her/his profile.
• Feedback; Along with the document, a feedback card will also be sent.

Additional Information

•  SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION:
  • ​SDI was developed by Hans Peter Luhn.
  • Dr. S R Ranganathan defined SDI as a documentation list on a specific topic anticipated to engage the attention of the members of the parent body.
  • UNESCO defined SDI as the regular provision of scientific information to individuals or corporate users on predetermined subjects.

The correct answer is "Travel Guide".

Key Points

• Fodor's-
  • Fodor's is a publisher of English-language travel and tourism information.
  • It was founded in 1949 by Eugene Fodor who was a keen traveler.

• Travel Guide-
  • A guidebook or travel guide is "a book of information about a place designed for the use of visitors or tourists".
  • It contains information about sights, accommodations, restaurants, transportation, and activities.
  • For example- Fodor's Essential India

​

Additional Information

• ​Yearbook-
  • ​The basic purpose of yearbooks is to record annual developments in a geographical area, in a subject discipline, or in an organization.
  • The term also refers to a comprehensive book of statistics or facts published annually. 
  • For Example- Europa Year Book: A World Survey. London: Europa Publications, 1959. Annual. 2 vols.
• Directory
  • It lists people or organizations usually arranged alphabetically.
  • Some directories are arranged geographically or by subject.
  • For example- Directory of Cities and Towns in India/by O.P. Sharma...Delhi Kripa, 1989. 
• Handbook-
  • A handbook is a type of reference work or other collection of instructions, that is intended to provide a ready reference.
  • The term originally applied to a small or portable book containing information useful for its owner.
  • For example- Britain: An Official Handbook. London: Statistical Office, 1948. Annual. 

The Correct answer is 1977:

Key PointsNote: There is some discrepancy in the question. NICNET was established in 1987 and NIC was established in 1977. However, this is an official PYP so we cannot change the options.

• NICNET:
  • ​National Informatics Centre Network is a  satellite-based National Informatic Network.
  • It was established by NIC and started functioning in 1987.
  • It is sponsored by GOI.
  • The network consists of:
    • The master earth station is located at CGO Complex, New Delhi. It comprises a 13-meter antenna, a network control center, and a packet switch.
    • The micro earth station connects remotely located district computers with the State computer, which, in turn, are connected to the regional headquarters.
    • Geosynchronous Satellite.NICNET is currently using the INTELSAT-V satellite which mainly functions as a relay station between the master earth station and the micro earth station.
  • The various facilities and services of NICNET include:
    • Gateway to the Internet by providing Internet connectivity
    • Electronic mail service
    • USENET bulletin board service
    • Telnet facility to login to remote host
    • File transfer protocol facility
    • Research and Education Network of NIC (RENNIC) service to research, education, and medical institutions.
    • General Information Services terminal(GISTNIC) for common public

Additional Information EXISTING DATA NETWORKS IN INDIA

The correct answer is Mike Bergman.

Key Points

• The deep web, invisible web, or hidden web are parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are hidden from search.
• Computer scientist Michael K. Bergman is credited with inventing the term in 2001 as a search-indexing term.
• Deep websites can be accessed by a direct URL or IP address.
• It also includes paywalled services such as video on demand and some online magazines and newspapers.

The correct answer is Institutional Directory.

Key Points

• Europa World of Learning is an Institutional Directory.
• It Started in the Year 1947 and is printed annually.
• It is published by Routledge, Taylor, and Francis Group
• It is the Online Version of the Classic Reference text in print.
• Its 71st Edition published in the Year 2021.

Additional Information

•  Professional Directory
  • It comprises information on Local and National/International Businesses and Professionals.
• Topographical Directory
  • ​It comprises of several countries, cities, and villages with historical and statistical data.
• ​​Telephonic Directory
  • ​​It comprises Telephonic Details and Local and National/international telephonic codes.

The correct answer is Newspaper Clippings.

Key Points Current Awareness Service

• Current awareness service (CAS) is an ongoing service that enables one to monitor new information on regular basis.
• Current awareness type of services meets the current information needs of the users.
• The purpose of this service is to alert the user about recent developments in her/his area of interest as early as possible.
• It generally contains list of journal articles, book titles, etc with no annotations or abstracts.
• It has newspaper type approach, hence, the entire list is meant for scanning.
• Since the list is not meant for permanent use, therefore, no attempt is made to do extensive indexing etc.
• Types of services offered under this category are:
  • Accession List / Current Awareness List/Documentation Bulletin
  • Title Announcement Service/Contents-by-Journal Service
  • Selective Dissemination of Information
  • Research-in-Progress Bulletin
  • Newspaper Clipping Service