Development Communication MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Development Communication - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is The speaker’s use of rhetorical strategies.

Key Points

In Aristotle’s Model of Communication, the primary focus is on persuasion. Aristotle identified three key rhetorical strategies that a speaker should use to persuade or influence the audience effectively. These strategies are:

• Ethos (Credibility):

The speaker’s credibility or trustworthiness plays a significant role in how the audience perceives the message. If the audience believes the speaker is knowledgeable and reliable, they are more likely to accept the message.

• Pathos (Emotional Appeal):

Pathos refers to the emotional appeal used by the speaker to connect with the audience on a deeper emotional level. The speaker might invoke emotions like happiness, fear, sadness, or anger to engage the audience and motivate them to act or change their thinking.

• Logos (Logical Appeal):

Logos is the use of reasoning or logic to persuade the audience. The speaker presents well-structured arguments, evidence, and facts to appeal to the audience’s rational side and make the message convincing.
Why D is Correct:
Rhetorical strategies like ethos, pathos, and logos are crucial in Aristotle's model because they are the tools the speaker uses to persuade the audience. These strategies help the speaker achieve their goal of influencing the audience’s opinions, emotions, or actions.

Additional Information 

A) The audience's decoding ability: While decoding (interpreting) the message is important, Aristotle's model focuses on the speaker’s ability to craft a persuasive message, not on how the audience decodes it.

B) The clarity of the message: While the clarity of the message is important in communication, it is not the primary factor in Aristotle's model. The speaker’s ability to use rhetorical appeals (ethos, pathos, and logos) is more important for effective persuasion.

C) The context of the communication: The context (e.g., time, place, situation) is relevant in communication, but in Aristotle’s model, it’s the speaker’s persuasive techniques that take center stage. Context influences how the message is delivered, but it’s the rhetorical appeals that determine the message's impact on the audience.

The correct answer is The speaker's persuasive techniques.

Key Points

Aristotle’s Model of Communication is one of the earliest and most influential models in the study of rhetoric and persuasion. It is primarily concerned with the speaker's ability to persuade the audience. The model focuses on how the speaker uses various rhetorical techniques to influence the audience's thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Key Elements of Aristotle's Model:
Speaker (Sender):

• In this model, the speaker is the central figure. The speaker’s primary role is to persuade the audience using persuasive techniques such as ethos (credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logical reasoning).
• The success of communication depends largely on the speaker’s ability to use these techniques effectively to influence the audience.

Speech (Message):

• The speech or message is crafted to persuade or inform the audience.
• The content and structure of the message are essential, and they are shaped by the speaker’s goals, purpose, and rhetorical strategies.

Audience (Receiver):

• The audience is the receiver of the message.
• In Aristotle's model, the audience’s reactions and acceptance are determined by the persuasive power of the speaker and their use of rhetorical appeals (ethos, pathos, and logos).

Context (Setting):

• The context refers to the situation in which communication occurs.
• The speaker adapts their message to the context, ensuring that the message is delivered in a way that resonates with the audience based on the situation or occasion.

Primary Focus:

• The primary focus of Aristotle's Model is on the speaker's ability to persuade the audience.
• The speaker’s use of persuasive techniques is crucial in achieving the desired effect. The model emphasizes the importance of:
• Ethos (credibility of the speaker),
• Pathos (emotional appeal to the audience),
• Logos (logical argumentation).

The correct answer is Barnlund's Transactional Model.

Key Points Barnlund's Transactional Model of communication, developed by Dean Barnlund in 1970, views communication as a continuous, interactive, and dynamic process, where the roles of sender and receiver are interchangeable. Unlike linear models, where communication is a one-way flow, Barnlund’s model emphasizes that communication is simultaneous and occurs in both directions.

Key Features of Barnlund's Transactional Model:

• Continuous Process: Communication is seen as a fluid, ongoing process rather than a series of discrete steps. There is no distinct beginning or end to the communication; it happens continuously in both directions.
• Interactivity: Communication is interactive, meaning both parties are actively involved in the process at the same time. Both the sender and receiver encode and decode messages simultaneously, responding and reacting in real-time.
• Interchangeable Roles: In this model, the roles of sender and receiver are not fixed. Both participants take turns sending and receiving messages. For example, while one person is speaking, the other is listening, but they can quickly switch roles as the conversation progresses.
• Feedback Loop: Feedback is instantaneous and is continuously provided from the receiver back to the sender. This feedback is integral to the communication process and allows both participants to adjust their messages as needed.

The correct answer is To control, modify, or block the message before it reaches the receiver.

Key Points

In the Intermediary Model of Communication, a gatekeeper plays a crucial role in controlling the flow of information between the sender and the receiver. The gatekeeper is typically an individual, group, or institution that has the power to filter, modify, or block messages before they reach the intended audience.

Role of the Gatekeeper:

• Control the Message: The gatekeeper decides which messages are passed along, determining what information is deemed appropriate for the receiver. They can either approve or deny the message's transmission.
• Modify the Message:The gatekeeper may alter the message to fit specific standards, norms, or expectations before it reaches the receiver. This could involve editing, simplifying, or changing the message content.
• Block the Message:The gatekeeper can completely block certain messages from being transmitted to the receiver, either because they are considered irrelevant, inappropriate, or undesirable for the audience.

Examples:

• Media: In journalism, editors act as gatekeepers by deciding which news stories are published or broadcast, potentially modifying or censoring content before it reaches the public.
• Social Networks: Platforms like Facebook or Twitter have algorithms (acting as gatekeepers) that decide which posts or content are shown to users based on specific criteria, such as engagement or relevance.

In the Intermediary Model, the gatekeeper serves as a filter or control mechanism, influencing what information reaches the receiver by either modifying, controlling, or blocking the message.

The correct answer is Emotional and psychological factors.

Key Points

In Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication, emotional and psychological factors influence all four components: the source, message, channel, and receiver.

• Source: The emotional and psychological state of the sender affects how they encode and deliver the message.
• Message: The content of the message is shaped by the sender's emotions and mindset.
• Channel: The choice of communication medium (e.g., face-to-face, email) is influenced by both the sender's and receiver's psychological states.
• Receiver: The receiver’s mood, attitude, and experiences impact how they decode and interpret the message.

These emotional and psychological factors determine how well the message is communicated and understood.

The correct answer is Everett Rogers

Key Points

•  Diffusion of innovation is one of the oldest theory which was developed by Everett Rogers in 1962.
• This theory explains the manner and rate at which new concepts and products circulate among the people.
• There are mainly four components of diffusion theory of innovation, namely: innovation, channels of communication, social system and time.
• There are mainly five established adopters categories:
  • Innovators
  • Early Adopters
  • Early Majority
  • Late Majority
  • Laggards
• Innovators: It includes those individuals who want to be the first to try out the new technology. They are bold and curious about novel concepts.
• Early Adopters: These individuals represent opinion leaders. They like taking on leadership responsibilities and embracing change as well. They are quite at ease implementing new concepts, as they are already conscious of the need for change.
• Early Majority: Even though these people don't often take the lead position, but they frequently do it (adopting ideas) before the majority of people.
• Late Majority: These individuals are resistant to change and they won't adopt a new idea until the majority of people has given it a go.
• Laggards: These individuals are exceedingly traditional and conservative by nature. They are the hardest group to convince to accept change since they are so resistant to it.

Hence, the correct answer is Everett Rogers.

The correct answer is  3, 4, 1, 2.

Key Points

Schramm’s Model of Communication is an interactive, circular process that involves encoding, decoding, and feedback. 

• The source encodes the message:

The communication process starts when the source (sender) encodes a message into a communicable format (e.g., spoken words, written text, etc.).

• The decoder interprets the message based on their field of experience :

The receiver (decoder) then interprets the encoded message using their own field of experience, which includes their background, knowledge, and personal context.

• The encoder decodes the message:

The sender (encoder) decodes the feedback from the receiver (decoder), helping them understand how the message was received and interpreted.

• Feedback is sent from the decoder to the encoder:

The decoder sends feedback back to the encoder, which could be a response, clarification, or additional information. Feedback ensures that communication is a two-way process, promoting mutual understanding.

The correct answer is The speaker’s use of rhetorical strategies.

Key Points

In Aristotle’s Model of Communication, the primary focus is on persuasion. Aristotle identified three key rhetorical strategies that a speaker should use to persuade or influence the audience effectively. These strategies are:

• Ethos (Credibility):

The speaker’s credibility or trustworthiness plays a significant role in how the audience perceives the message. If the audience believes the speaker is knowledgeable and reliable, they are more likely to accept the message.

• Pathos (Emotional Appeal):

Pathos refers to the emotional appeal used by the speaker to connect with the audience on a deeper emotional level. The speaker might invoke emotions like happiness, fear, sadness, or anger to engage the audience and motivate them to act or change their thinking.

• Logos (Logical Appeal):

Logos is the use of reasoning or logic to persuade the audience. The speaker presents well-structured arguments, evidence, and facts to appeal to the audience’s rational side and make the message convincing.
Why D is Correct:
Rhetorical strategies like ethos, pathos, and logos are crucial in Aristotle's model because they are the tools the speaker uses to persuade the audience. These strategies help the speaker achieve their goal of influencing the audience’s opinions, emotions, or actions.

Additional Information 

A) The audience's decoding ability: While decoding (interpreting) the message is important, Aristotle's model focuses on the speaker’s ability to craft a persuasive message, not on how the audience decodes it.

B) The clarity of the message: While the clarity of the message is important in communication, it is not the primary factor in Aristotle's model. The speaker’s ability to use rhetorical appeals (ethos, pathos, and logos) is more important for effective persuasion.

C) The context of the communication: The context (e.g., time, place, situation) is relevant in communication, but in Aristotle’s model, it’s the speaker’s persuasive techniques that take center stage. Context influences how the message is delivered, but it’s the rhetorical appeals that determine the message's impact on the audience.

The correct answer is Emotional and psychological factors.

Key Points

In Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication, emotional and psychological factors influence all four components: the source, message, channel, and receiver.

• Source: The emotional and psychological state of the sender affects how they encode and deliver the message.
• Message: The content of the message is shaped by the sender's emotions and mindset.
• Channel: The choice of communication medium (e.g., face-to-face, email) is influenced by both the sender's and receiver's psychological states.
• Receiver: The receiver’s mood, attitude, and experiences impact how they decode and interpret the message.

These emotional and psychological factors determine how well the message is communicated and understood.

The correct answer is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Key PointsLeagan's Model is a linear communication model that outlines a series of steps in the communication process. Each step represents a key part of the process, from the sender to the audience and their feedback. Here’s how the elements fit into the sequence:

• Communicator:The communicator is the sender of the message. This is the individual or group who creates or originates the message to be communicated to others.
• Message or content : The message is the information or content that the communicator wants to convey. This is what the sender wants to share with the audience, and it could be ideas, facts, emotions, or other forms of communication.
• Treatment of message :Treatment refers to how the message is framed or modified for better understanding by the audience. It’s about deciding on the tone, style, and structure of the message to make it clearer or more appealing to the recipient.
• Channels of communication: The channel is the medium through which the message is transmitted. This could include spoken language, written text, visual media, or any other form of communication channel (e.g., face-to-face, email, social media, etc.).
• Audience : After the message is transmitted through the chosen channel, it reaches the audience—the recipients of the message. The audience plays a crucial role in interpreting and understanding the message based on their experiences and context.
• Audience response / Feedback : Finally, the audience responds, which is called feedback. Feedback is the reaction or response from the audience, and it can be verbal, non-verbal, or even actions that show how the message was received or interpreted.

The correct answer is  2, 3, 4, 1.

Key Points Shannon and Weaver’s Model of Communication is a linear model that describes the flow of information from the sender to the receiver. Here's how each stage fits into the sequence:

• The message is encoded by the sender:

In the communication process is when the sender encodes a message. This means the sender takes their thoughts or information and converts it into a form that can be transmitted (e.g., spoken words, written text, etc.).

• Noise may disrupt the signal during transmission:

It involves the message being transmitted through a channel, but noise can interfere with the message during this stage. Noise refers to any form of interference—whether physical (e.g., background sounds), semantic (e.g., misunderstandings of the message), or psychological (e.g., distractions)—that can distort or disrupt the communication process.

• The message reaches the destination (audience):

It is when the message reaches the destination—the receiver or audience. This is where the message is delivered to the intended recipient.

• The receiver decodes the message:

It is when the receiver receives the message and decodes it, which means they interpret or understand the message. The receiver’s decoding is influenced by their personal experiences, knowledge, and the context in which the message is received.
Why This Sequence Works:

• The process begins with the sender encoding the message and ends with the receiver decoding it.
• Between these two actions, noise can interfere with the message's transmission, and the message reaches the receiver at the destination.
• This sequence follows the linear flow from sender to receiver, as described in Shannon and Weaver’s model.

The correct answer is c → a → b → e → d → f.

Key Points

C. Communicator: This is the sender of the message. The communicator is responsible for encoding their thoughts or information into a format that can be transmitted.

A. Message: This is the content that the communicator wants to convey. It could be information, an idea, or an emotion, and it needs to be clearly articulated for effective communication.

B. Channel: The channel refers to the medium through which the message is sent. This could be verbal (like speaking), written (like emails or texts), or non-verbal (like body language or visuals). The choice of channel can affect how the message is received.

E. Treatment: Treatment involves how the message is presented or structured. This can include the style, tone, and format. The treatment can significantly influence the audience's perception and understanding of the message.

D. Audience :The audience is the receiver of the message. Understanding the audience's background, interests, and expectations is crucial for effective communication, as it helps tailor the message to ensure it resonates.

 F.Response of Audience: This is the feedback from the audience after they receive and interpret the message. Their response can indicate whether the message was understood as intended and can include questions, comments, or actions.

Legan's Model emphasizes the importance of each step in the communication process, highlighting how the effectiveness of communication relies on careful consideration of the communicator, message, channel, treatment, audience, and their response.

The correct answer is 'ARISTOTLE'.

Key Points

• Aristotle's Model of Communication:
  • Aristotle's model is one of the earliest models of communication, primarily focused on public speaking and persuasive communication.
  • It is a linear model where the speaker sends a message to the audience with the intent to persuade or inform.
  • This model includes five primary elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audience, and Effect.
  • It emphasizes the role of the speaker in crafting a message that will achieve the desired effect on the audience.

Additional Information

• ​Leagan's Model:
  • Often referred to as the Shannon-Weaver Model, it introduces the concept of noise and feedback in the communication process.
  • This model is more detailed in terms of the technical aspects of communication.
• Berlo's SMCR Model:
  • David Berlo's model focuses on the Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver (SMCR).
  • It emphasizes the importance of the encoding and decoding process in effective communication.
• Lasswell's Model:
  • Developed by Harold Lasswell, this model describes communication as "Who says What in Which Channel to Whom with What Effect."
  • It focuses on the process of communication and the impact of the message.

The correct answer is A ‐ II, B ‐ I, C ‐ IV, D ‐ III.

Key Points

• Adopter Categories in Innovation Diffusion:
  • Innovators (2.5%): These are the first individuals to adopt an innovation. They are willing to take risks and are often seen as adventurous.
  • Early Adopters (13.5%): This group adopts new ideas early but carefully. They are often respected by their peers and can influence the early majority.
  • Early Majority (34%): These individuals adopt new ideas just before the average person. They are deliberate and thoughtful in their adoption process.
  • Laggards (16%): The last group to adopt an innovation. They are typically focused on traditions and are resistant to change.

The correct answer is 'A, B and D Only'

Key Points

• Development of comprehension in reading readiness:
  • Comprehension is a fundamental reading readiness skill that enables children to understand and interpret what they read.
  • It involves several abilities that contribute to a child's overall reading proficiency.
• Ability to arrange a picture story with events in the correct sequence:
  • This skill helps children understand the logical order of events, which is crucial for comprehending narratives.
• Ability to tell some personal experience:
  • This skill helps children relate their personal experiences to the stories they read, enhancing their understanding and engagement.
• Ability to answer questions about a story which has been read and tell it in simple words :
  • This skill demonstrates a child's understanding of the story and their ability to recall and articulate the main points.