Arrange the following Indexing Systems chronologically as per their inception.

A. PubMed

B. Google Scholar

C. IEEXplore

D. DOAJ

E. PsycInfo

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

The Correct answer is E, A, C, D, B.

Key Points

• PSYCINFO:
  • PsycInfo was created in 1967.
  • PsycINFO is an extensive database maintained by the American Psychological Association, offering abstracts of psychological literature.
  • Serving as a digital successor to the former Psychological Abstracts, it encompasses materials ranging from the 19th century to the present, including journal articles, book chapters, books, and dissertations.
  • Accessible through APA PsycNET and various third-party vendors, PsycINFO provides researchers with comprehensive summaries and citations essential for exploring the field of psychology.
• PubMed:
  • PubMed was first released in January 1996 as an experimental database
  • PubMed is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics.
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is a part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
  • NCBI was established in 1988 as a national resource for molecular biology information.
  • NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information.
  • PubMed includes more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books.
• IEEE Xplore:
  • ​Launched in May 2000, IEEE Xplore is an online research platform providing access to journals, conference proceedings, and standards in electrical engineering, communications, and computer science.
  • It includes content from IEEE and publishers like OUP, MIT Press, and IBM, with advanced search tools for research discovery.
  • Developed by IEEE and the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), IEEE Xplore is managed by IEEE, the world’s largest technical professional society, formed in 1963 from the merger of AIEE (American Institute of Electrical Engineers) and IRE (Institute of Radio Engineers).
• DOAJ:​
  • Established in 2003 with an initial 300 open-access journals, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is a website that houses a community-curated list of open-access journals. It is maintained by Infrastructure Services for Open Access (IS4OA).
  • DOAJ is dedicated to enhancing the visibility, accessibility, reputation, usage, and impact of high-quality, peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly research journals on a global scale, without any restrictions based on discipline, geography, or language.
  • DOAJ is a founding member of Think. Check. Submit. and actively contribute to this initiative as a longstanding committee member.
  • Launched in 2015, Think. Check. Submit. emerged in response to concerns about predatory publishing and the increasing array of unfamiliar publishing avenues confronting researchers in scholarly communications.
  • In 2023, DOAJ marked its 20th anniversary with a year-long campaign, featuring three distinct events themed around 'Open,' 'Global,' and 'Trusted.'
• ​Google Scholar:​
  • Google Scholar is a free search engine provided by Google that focuses specifically on scholarly literature, including articles, theses, books, conference papers, and other documents.
  • Google Scholar was launched in November 2004.
  • Google Scholar uses a web crawler, or web robot, to identify files for inclusion in the search results.
  • The University of Michigan Library and other libraries whose collections Google scanned for Google Books and Google Scholar retained copies of the scans and have used them to create the HathiTrust Digital Library.
  • Google Scholar arose out of a discussion between Alex Verstak and Anurag Acharya.