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Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

Last updated on Mar 25, 2025

पाईये Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry उत्तरे आणि तपशीलवार उपायांसह एकाधिक निवड प्रश्न (MCQ क्विझ). हे मोफत डाउनलोड करा Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry एमसीक्यू क्विझ पीडीएफ आणि बँकिंग, एसएससी, रेल्वे, यूपीएससी, स्टेट पीएससी यासारख्या तुमच्या आगामी परीक्षांची तयारी करा.

Latest Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry MCQ Objective Questions

Top Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry MCQ Objective Questions

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 1:

Consider the following statements about glycosides:

  1. Glycosides are compounds in which sugar is bound to a non-sugar moiety.
  2. Aglycone is the sugar part of the glycoside.
  3. Most cardiac glycosides are water-insoluble.
  4. Glycosides undergo hydrolysis in the presence of dilute acid.

Which of the above statements are correct?

  1. 1, 2, and 3 only
  2. 1 and 4 only
  3. 1, 3, and 4 only 
  4. 2, 3, and 4 only

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : 1, 3, and 4 only 

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 1 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct
Rationale:
  • This question evaluates conceptual understanding of **glycosides**, a class of phytoconstituents found in many medicinal plants. Glycosides consist of two parts: a sugar component and a non-sugar component (aglycone).
  • Statement 1: ✅ Correct. Glycosides are chemical compounds where a **sugar (glycone)** is bound to a **non-sugar moiety (aglycone)** via a glycosidic bond. This is a standard definition in pharmacognosy.
  • Statement 2: ❌ Incorrect. The **aglycone** is the **non-sugar** part of the glycoside, not the sugar part. The sugar part is called the **glycone**. This is a common conceptual error.
  • Statement 3: ✅ Correct. **Cardiac glycosides** (e.g., digoxin) are generally **poorly water-soluble** due to the nature of their aglycone (steroidal) moiety, which is lipophilic.
  • Statement 4: ✅ Correct. Glycosides can be **hydrolyzed** in the presence of **dilute acids or enzymes**, breaking the bond between sugar and aglycone, releasing both components.
Explanation of Other Options:
Statement 2: Aglycone is the sugar part of the glycoside
  • Rationale: This statement is incorrect. The aglycone is the **non-sugar** component. The sugar component is called the **glycone**. These two together form a glycoside.
Conclusion:
  • Among the four statements, **1, 3, and 4** are correct. Understanding the structure, solubility, and hydrolysis of glycosides is essential in Pharmacognosy for identifying their pharmacological roles and analytical behavior.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 2:

Match the drugs with their plant parts used:

Column A Column B
A. Senna 1. Root
B. Ginger 2. Bark
C. Cinchona 3. Rhizome
D. Rauwolfia 4. Leaf

  1. A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
  2. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
  3. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 
  4. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 2 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Rationale:
  • This question assesses your understanding of the specific plant parts used in the preparation of important herbal drugs in Pharmacognosy. Each plant has a distinct part used based on its active constituents and traditional therapeutic applications.
  • Senna – The **leaf** is the primary part used for its content of anthraquinone glycosides (sennosides), which act as a laxative.
  • Ginger – The **rhizome** (underground stem) is used. It contains volatile oils and gingerols that provide carminative, antiemetic, and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Cinchona – The **bark** of this plant contains alkaloids such as quinine and is used mainly for its antimalarial properties.
  • Rauwolfia – The **root** is the part used. It contains the alkaloid reserpine, which is used for antihypertensive and sedative effects.
Explanation of Other Options:
Option 1) A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
  • Rationale: Incorrect. Senna is wrongly matched with root instead of leaf. Ginger is incorrectly paired with leaf instead of rhizome. Rauwolfia is wrongly matched with bark instead of root.
Option 2) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
  • Rationale: Incorrect. Senna is incorrectly matched with bark instead of leaf, and Rauwolfia with rhizome instead of root. The overall matching shows confusion between stem and underground parts.
Option 4) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
  • Rationale: Incorrect. Senna is incorrectly paired with rhizome and Rauwolfia with leaf, which are not the correct plant parts used in drug formulation.
Conclusion:
  • The correct pairing of drugs with their plant parts is: Senna – Leaf, Ginger – Rhizome, Cinchona – Bark, Rauwolfia – Root. These identifications are essential in Pharmacognosy for authentication, standardization, and proper therapeutic usage of crude drugs.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 3:

Match the following natural drugs with their therapeutic uses:

Column A Column B
A. Liquorice 1. CNS stimulant
B. Senna 2. Expectorant
C. Nux vomica 3. Laxative
D. Ergot 4. Oxytocic

  1. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
  2. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
  3. A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
  4. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 3 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
Rationale:
  • This question evaluates the understanding of therapeutic applications of plant-based natural drugs in Pharmacognosy. Each plant listed is associated with a specific pharmacological action due to its bioactive constituents.
  • Liquorice contains glycyrrhizin and is commonly used as an expectorant in treating cough and respiratory issues due to its soothing effect on the mucous membranes.
  • Senna contains anthraquinone glycosides such as sennosides, making it a well-known laxative used for treating constipation.
  • Nux vomica contains strychnine and brucine, which act as CNS stimulants, though they are toxic and used under careful regulation.
  • Ergot contains ergot alkaloids that produce uterine muscle contractions, classifying it as an oxytocic drug, especially in obstetrics for postpartum hemorrhage control.
Explanation of Other Options:
Option 1) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
  • Rationale: Incorrect. Liquorice is mistakenly matched with CNS stimulant, while it is primarily used as an expectorant. Senna is wrongly linked to expectorant, instead of its correct use as a laxative.
Option 2) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
  • Rationale: Incorrect. Senna is incorrectly matched with oxytocic, and Ergot is placed under CNS stimulant, which is inaccurate. This option misplaces all therapeutic categories.
Option 3) A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
  • Rationale: Incorrect. Liquorice is wrongly matched with oxytocic, and Senna with CNS stimulant. Such mismatches display a misunderstanding of the core pharmacognostic therapeutic roles.
Conclusion:
  • The correct therapeutic mappings are: Liquorice – Expectorant, Senna – Laxative, Nux vomica – CNS stimulant, and Ergot – Oxytocic. These associations are essential for understanding how plant-based drugs function pharmacologically and are used in therapeutic settings.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 4:

Match the following phytoconstituents with their identification tests:

Column A Column B
A. Alkaloids 1. Legal’s test
B. Glycosides 2. Keller-Killiani test
C. Tannins 3. Ferric chloride test
D. Steroids 4. Dragendorff’s test

  1. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
  2. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
  3. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
  4. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 4 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
Rationale:
  • This question assesses knowledge of the identification tests used in phytochemical screening of natural products, which is essential in Pharmacognosy for drug authentication and quality control.
  • Alkaloids are nitrogenous compounds identified by Dragendorff’s test, which gives an orange-red precipitate indicating presence of alkaloids.
  • Glycosides, particularly cardiac glycosides, are confirmed using the Keller-Killiani test, which gives a reddish-brown ring at the junction of two layers.
  • Tannins are phenolic compounds detected by the Ferric chloride test, which produces a blue-black or green color.
  • Steroids are identified by the Legal’s test, which involves reaction with sodium nitroprusside in pyridine, giving a red color.
Explanation of Other Options:
Option 2) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
  • Rationale: Incorrect. Alkaloids are wrongly matched with Legal’s test, and glycosides with Dragendorff’s. These tests are not used for those respective phytoconstituents, leading to confusion in compound identification.
Option 3) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
  • Rationale: Incorrect. This option completely mismatches the tests: alkaloids with Keller-Killiani, glycosides with ferric chloride, and tannins with Legal’s test. All are scientifically incorrect associations.
Option 4) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
  • Rationale: Incorrect. Tannins are wrongly matched with Dragendorff’s test and alkaloids with ferric chloride, which do not apply. Steroids matched with Keller-Killiani is also false.
Conclusion:
  • The correctly matched pairings are: Alkaloids – Dragendorff’s test, Glycosides – Keller-Killiani test, Tannins – Ferric chloride test, Steroids – Legal’s test. This set of matches is fundamental for identification and evaluation of crude drugs in Pharmacognosy and pharmaceutical quality control.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 5:

Match the following drugs with their major active constituents:

Column A Column B
A. Cinchona 1. Cardiac glycoside
B. Clove 2. Eugenol
C. Digitalis 3. Menthol
D. Peppermint 4. Quinine

  1. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
  2. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
  3. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
  4. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 5 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
Rationale:
  • This question tests your knowledge of pharmacognostic drug sources and their key active constituents. These constituents are responsible for the major therapeutic actions of each natural drug mentioned.
  • Cinchona contains the alkaloid quinine, which is a well-known antimalarial compound.
  • Clove is rich in eugenol, a phenolic compound with antiseptic and analgesic properties.
  • Digitalis is the source of cardiac glycosides like digoxin, which are used in heart failure and arrhythmias.
  • Peppermint contains the compound menthol, which is used for its cooling, carminative, and mild analgesic effects.
Explanation of Other Options:
Option 1) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
  • Rationale: Incorrect. It mismatches Cinchona with cardiac glycosides and Clove with quinine, which is factually inaccurate. Quinine belongs to Cinchona, not Clove, and Clove contains eugenol, not cardiac glycosides.
Option 3) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
  • Rationale: Incorrect. Peppermint is matched with quinine, which is wrong. Also, Clove is incorrectly paired with cardiac glycosides. These mismatches indicate poor understanding of natural constituent mapping.
Option 4) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
  • Rationale: Incorrect. This completely misaligns each drug with unrelated constituents. For example, Cinchona with eugenol and Digitalis with quinine are false matches.
Conclusion:
  • The match A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3 accurately pairs each drug with its correct major active constituent: Cinchona (Quinine), Clove (Eugenol), Digitalis (Cardiac glycoside), and Peppermint (Menthol). Understanding these fundamental matches is essential in Pharmacognosy for both therapeutic applications and exam success.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 6:

Isapgol seeds are used.

  1. Laxative 
  2. Purgative
  3. Cathartic
  4. Digestive

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Laxative 

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 6 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Laxative
Rationale:
  • Isapgol seeds, also known as Psyllium husk, are primarily used as a laxative. They are rich in soluble fiber, which helps to absorb water and form a gel-like substance, softening stools and promoting regular bowel movements.
  • As a natural bulk-forming laxative, Isapgol seeds are effective in treating constipation by increasing the bulk of stool, which stimulates bowel movements. They are gentle on the digestive system and can be used for long-term management of constipation.
Explanation of Other Options:
Purgative
  • Rationale: A purgative is a substance that causes the evacuation of the bowels, often in a more aggressive manner than a laxative. Purgatives can induce diarrhea and are used for bowel cleansing before medical procedures. Isapgol seeds do not act as purgatives; they work more gently and are not intended for rapid bowel evacuation.
Cathartic
  • Rationale: Cathartics are agents that accelerate defecation, similar to purgatives, but they can be more potent and cause more intense bowel movements. They are often used in cases of severe constipation or to prepare for certain medical tests. Isapgol seeds, being mild and bulk-forming, do not have the strong action of cathartics.
Digestive
  • Rationale: Digestive aids are substances that help in the digestion process, often by enhancing the production of digestive enzymes or improving gastrointestinal motility. While Isapgol seeds can aid in digestion indirectly by promoting regular bowel movements, their primary function is as a laxative rather than a direct digestive aid.
Conclusion:
  • Isapgol seeds are best known for their use as a laxative due to their high fiber content and ability to form a gel-like substance that softens stools and promotes regular bowel movements. Unlike purgatives and cathartics, Isapgol seeds provide a gentle, long-term solution for constipation without causing aggressive bowel movements.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 7:

Who is regarded as the father of medicine?

  1. Paracelsus
  2. Aristotle
  3. Galen
  4. Hippocrates

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Hippocrates

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 7 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Hippocrates
Rationale:
  • Hippocrates, often referred to as the "Father of Medicine," was a Greek physician born around 460 BCE. He is credited with transforming the practice of medicine by advocating for a systematic and empirical approach to diagnosis and treatment, moving away from superstition and religious explanations for illness.
  • Hippocrates established the Hippocratic School of Medicine, which revolutionized the practice of medicine in ancient Greece and laid the foundation for modern medical ethics. The Hippocratic Oath, attributed to him, remains a seminal document in medical ethics.
  • He emphasized the importance of diet, exercise, and environmental factors in maintaining health, and he advocated for careful observation and documentation of patients' symptoms and conditions, which are principles still valued in modern medicine.
Explanation of Other Options:
Paracelsus
  • Rationale: Paracelsus, a Swiss physician and alchemist of the Renaissance period, is known for his contributions to toxicology and pharmacology. While he made significant advancements, particularly in the use of chemicals in medicine, he is not considered the father of medicine.
Aristotle
  • Rationale: Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath who made contributions to many fields, including biology and medicine. However, his work was more theoretical and philosophical rather than practical and empirical, which is why he is not regarded as the father of medicine.
Galen
  • Rationale: Galen was a prominent Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher in the Roman Empire. He made significant contributions to anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology. Despite his influence on medical theory and practice for centuries, he is not considered the father of medicine because his work built upon the foundations laid by Hippocrates.
Conclusion:
  • Hippocrates is widely regarded as the father of medicine due to his pioneering approach to medical practice, emphasizing empirical observation and ethical standards. His contributions laid the groundwork for modern medical practice and ethics, distinguishing him from other historical figures in medicine.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 8:

Killer - Kilani Test is identification test used for

  1. Digitalis
  2. Clove
  3. Fennel
  4. Senna

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Digitalis

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 8 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Digitalis
Rationale:
  • The Killer-Kilani Test is a chemical test used for the identification of cardiac glycosides, particularly those found in Digitalis species. Digitalis, commonly known as foxglove, contains potent cardiac glycosides such as digoxin and digitoxin, which are used in the treatment of heart conditions.
  • In the Killer-Kilani Test, a sample suspected of containing cardiac glycosides is treated with a series of reagents. A positive test typically results in a color change, indicating the presence of these specific compounds.
Explanation of Other Options:
Clove
  • Rationale: Clove is a spice derived from the flower buds of the clove tree, Syzygium aromaticum. It contains essential oils, primarily eugenol, which are used for their analgesic and antiseptic properties. Clove does not contain cardiac glycosides, so the Killer-Kilani Test is not applicable.
Fennel
  • Rationale: Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, is an aromatic herb used in cooking and traditional medicine. It contains essential oils like anethole but does not contain cardiac glycosides. Therefore, the Killer-Kilani Test is not used for fennel identification.
Senna
  • Rationale: Senna, derived from the Cassia species, is used as a laxative. Its active components are sennosides, which are anthraquinone glycosides, not cardiac glycosides. Hence, the Killer-Kilani Test is not relevant for senna identification.
Conclusion:
  • Among the given options, Digitalis is the correct answer as the Killer-Kilani Test is specifically designed to identify cardiac glycosides, which are present in Digitalis species. The test is not applicable for Clove, Fennel, or Senna, as these do not contain the cardiac glycosides that the test detects.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 9:

Soxhlet apparatus is used for

  1. Filtration 
  2. Clarification 
  3. Extraction
  4. Size Reduction

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Extraction

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 9 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Extraction
Rationale:
  • A Soxhlet apparatus is a laboratory device specifically designed for the extraction of compounds from solid materials. The process involves repeatedly washing the solid material with a solvent, which dissolves the desired compounds.
  • The apparatus consists of a distillation flask, an extraction chamber, and a condenser. Solvent is heated in the distillation flask, vaporizes, and then condenses in the condenser. The condensed solvent drips into the extraction chamber containing the solid material. The solvent dissolves the desired compounds and is siphoned back into the distillation flask, where the cycle repeats.
  • The Soxhlet extraction method is highly efficient for extracting lipids, essential oils, and other organic compounds from various types of solid matrices.
Explanation of Other Options:
Filtration
  • Rationale: Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter medium that allows only the fluid to pass through. While Soxhlet apparatus involves the movement of solvent, its primary purpose is not filtration but extraction.
Clarification
  • Rationale: Clarification refers to the removal of small solid particles from a liquid to make it clear. This is commonly achieved through settling, centrifugation, or filtration, not through the Soxhlet extraction process.
Size Reduction
  • Rationale: Size reduction involves reducing the size of particles, typically through grinding or milling. The Soxhlet apparatus does not perform size reduction; it is designed for the extraction of compounds from solid materials.
Conclusion:
  • Among the given options, the Soxhlet apparatus is specifically designed for the process of extraction. It efficiently extracts desired compounds from solid matrices using a solvent, making it a valuable tool in various fields such as chemistry, biology, and pharmacology.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 10:

Which of the following statement is true for the ginseng root.

  1. It is among the most traded plant in the Brazil 
  2. It is obtained from Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium.
  3. It is obtained from young plant of six month to one year age.
  4. It contains darivatives of quinindiol

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : It is obtained from Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Question 10 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: It is obtained from Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium.
Rationale:
  • Ginseng is a medicinal plant known for its health-promoting properties. The roots of the plant are particularly valued for their therapeutic benefits.
  • The correct answer specifies that ginseng root is obtained from two primary species: Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium.
  • Panax ginseng, also known as Asian ginseng, is native to Korea, China, and Siberia. It is traditionally used in Asian medicine.
  • Panax quinquefolium, commonly known as American ginseng, is native to North America and is used in traditional Native American medicine.
  • Both species contain ginsenosides, which are active compounds believed to provide various health benefits, including boosting the immune system, improving mental performance, and reducing fatigue.
Explanation of Other Options:
It is among the most traded plant in Brazil
  • Rationale: This statement is incorrect. Ginseng is not among the most traded plants in Brazil. Brazil is more known for trading plants like coffee, soybeans, and sugarcane.
It is obtained from young plant of six month to one year age
  • Rationale: This statement is incorrect. Ginseng roots are typically harvested from mature plants that are at least 4-6 years old. Younger plants do not have the same concentration of beneficial compounds.
It contains derivatives of quinindiol
  • Rationale: This statement is incorrect. Ginseng contains ginsenosides, not derivatives of quinindiol. Ginsenosides are the primary active compounds in ginseng that are responsible for its health benefits.
Conclusion:
  • The correct information about ginseng root is that it is obtained from Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium. These species are recognized for their medicinal properties and are widely used in traditional medicine across different cultures.
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