Pharmaceutical Chemistry MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for Pharmaceutical Chemistry - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा
Last updated on Mar 26, 2025
पाईये Pharmaceutical Chemistry उत्तरे आणि तपशीलवार उपायांसह एकाधिक निवड प्रश्न (MCQ क्विझ). हे मोफत डाउनलोड करा Pharmaceutical Chemistry एमसीक्यू क्विझ पीडीएफ आणि बँकिंग, एसएससी, रेल्वे, यूपीएससी, स्टेट पीएससी यासारख्या तुमच्या आगामी परीक्षांची तयारी करा.
Latest Pharmaceutical Chemistry MCQ Objective Questions
Top Pharmaceutical Chemistry MCQ Objective Questions
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Question 1:
Which antipsychotic belongs to the phenothiazine class?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
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Pharmaceutical Chemistry Question 1 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
Rationale:
- Chlorpromazine hydrochloride is an antipsychotic medication that belongs to the phenothiazine class.
- Phenothiazines are a group of antipsychotic drugs that work primarily by antagonizing dopamine receptors, particularly the D2 receptor, in the brain.
- Chlorpromazine was one of the first antipsychotic medications introduced and has been widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
Key Points:
- Phenothiazines were among the first class of antipsychotic drugs developed and have been used since the 1950s.
- Chlorpromazine is effective in reducing positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions, due to its dopamine receptor-blocking effects.
- Like other phenothiazines, chlorpromazine can cause side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms (movement disorders), sedation, and anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation).
Additional Information:
- Chlorpromazine is used for a variety of psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe nausea and vomiting, and as a preoperative sedative.
- Other drugs in the phenothiazine class include fluphenazine, perphenazine, and thioridazine.
Explanation of Other Options:
Haloperidol
- Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication but it belongs to the butyrophenone class, not the phenothiazine class. It is also used to treat schizophrenia and acute psychotic states.
Risperidone
- Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic, and it does not belong to the phenothiazine class. It is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism.
Clozapine
- Clozapine is also an atypical antipsychotic and does not belong to the phenothiazine class. It is used primarily for treatment-resistant schizophrenia due to its efficacy, particularly in reducing suicidal behavior in schizophrenic patients.
Conclusion:
- Chlorpromazine hydrochloride is the antipsychotic that belongs to the phenothiazine class. It was a pioneer in the development of antipsychotic therapy and remains in use for several indications related to psychosis and other conditions.
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Pharmaceutical Chemistry Question 2:
Barbiturates primarily act through which receptor to exert their effects?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : GABA-A receptor
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Question 2 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: GABA-A receptor
Rationale:
- Barbiturates primarily exert their effects by enhancing the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter at the GABA-A receptor.
- The GABA-A receptor is an ionotropic receptor that, when activated, allows the influx of chloride ions into the neuron, causing hyperpolarization and inhibition of neuronal firing.
- Barbiturates increase the duration of chloride channel opening at the GABA-A receptor, potentiating the inhibitory effect of GABA and producing sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects.
Key Points:
- GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its receptor, GABA-A, is a key target for various sedative and anxiolytic drugs, including barbiturates and benzodiazepines.
- Barbiturates can also have direct effects on the GABA-A receptor independently of GABA, further enhancing their depressant effects on the central nervous system.
- Due to their potent depressant effects, barbiturates have largely been replaced by safer alternatives like benzodiazepines for many clinical applications.
Additional Information:
- Barbiturates have a broad range of applications, including use as anesthetic agents, anticonvulsants, and for the induction of coma in cases of severe brain injury.
- Due to their high potential for tolerance, dependence, and overdose, the clinical use of barbiturates is now limited and closely regulated.
Explanation of Other Options:
NMDA receptor
- The NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor is a type of glutamate receptor involved in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Barbiturates do not primarily act through the NMDA receptor to exert their effects.
Dopamine receptor
- Dopamine receptors are involved in the regulation of mood, reward, and motor functions. Barbiturates do not primarily exert their effects through dopamine receptors.
Serotonin receptor
- Serotonin receptors are involved in mood regulation, appetite, and sleep. Barbiturates do not primarily act through serotonin receptors to produce their sedative and hypnotic effects.
Conclusion:
- Barbiturates primarily act through the GABA-A receptor, enhancing the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter GABA to exert their sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects. The NMDA, dopamine, and serotonin receptors are not the primary targets of barbiturates.
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Pharmaceutical Chemistry Question 3:
Cholinergic neurotransmission primarily involves which neurotransmitter?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Acetylcholine
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Question 3 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Acetylcholine
Rationale:
- Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter involved in cholinergic neurotransmission. It plays a key role in transmitting nerve impulses across cholinergic synapses in various parts of the nervous system.
- Cholinergic neurotransmission is crucial for muscle activation, autonomic function, and several cognitive functions in the central nervous system (CNS).
Key Points:
- Acetylcholine acts at both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors:
- Nicotinic receptors: Found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, and in the CNS. They are ionotropic receptors that mediate fast synaptic transmission.
- Muscarinic receptors: Found in various tissues including the heart, smooth muscles, and glands, and are G-protein coupled receptors that mediate slower responses.
- In the central nervous system, acetylcholine is involved in modulating arousal, attention, memory, and motivation.
- In the peripheral nervous system, it is crucial for the functioning of the parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees "rest and digest" activities.
Additional Information:
- Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase.
- After release into the synaptic cleft, acetylcholine is rapidly broken down by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase into acetate and choline, which are reuptaken into the presynaptic terminal for resynthesis.
- Acetylcholine dysfunction is implicated in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, myasthenia gravis, and other neurodegenerative or neuromuscular conditions.
Explanation of Other Options:
Dopamine
- Dopamine is involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission. It plays significant roles in the brain's reward system, motor control, and regulation of mood, but it is not involved in cholinergic neurotransmission.
Norepinephrine
- Norepinephrine is a key neurotransmitter in noradrenergic neurotransmission. It primarily mediates the body's "fight or flight" response and regulates alertness and blood pressure, and is not part of the cholinergic system.
Epinephrine
- Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It is involved in the sympathetic nervous system's stress responses, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter in cholinergic neurotransmission.
Conclusion:
- Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter associated with cholinergic neurotransmission, crucially involved in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The other options—dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine—are involved in different neurotransmitter systems and do not play a primary role in cholinergic neurotransmission.
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