Automation Technologies MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Automation Technologies - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The Correct answer is ​3-5 Meter.

Key Points

• UHF tags:
  • ​UHF (Ultra High Frequency) tags are a type of radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags that operate in the ultra-high frequency range.
  • These tags use radio waves to wirelessly transmit data to RFID readers or interrogators.
  • UHF RFID technology is commonly used for tracking and identifying objects, assets, and individuals in various applications such as supply chain management, inventory tracking, access control, and logistics.
  • The reading range of UHF tags, when converted from feet to meters, is approximately 3 to 6 meters.
• Features:
  • Memory Capacity: UHF RFID tags offer varying memory capacities, ranging from a few bytes to several kilobytes, depending on the specific application.
  • Read Range: UHF RFID tags, when paired with RFID HF readers, provide an extended read range, surpassing that of RFID HF tags. UHF RFID tags excel in long-distance reading capabilities.
  • Tag Forms: UHF RFID tags are versatile and come in various forms, such as labels, tags, cards, or inlays. This diversity allows them to cater to different applications and environments.
  • Anti-collision Techniques: UHF RFID tags incorporate anti-collision algorithms to mitigate data collisions when multiple tags are being read simultaneously. 
  • Security Measures: UHF RFID tags can be equipped with encryption or authentication features to safeguard against unauthorized data access or cloning. 
  • Customization: UHF RFID tags offer customization options, allowing for the addition of barcodes, logos, or text. 
  • Durability: Both RFID UHF tags and RFID HF readers can be designed for durability, enabling them to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

Additional Information

• Radio-frequency identification (RFID) employs electromagnetic fields for the automatic identification and tracking of tags affixed to objects.
• The RFID system comprises a small radio transponder along with a radio receiver and transmitter.
• Upon receiving an electromagnetic interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID reader device, the tag responds by transmitting digital data, typically an identifying inventory number, back to the reader.
• This unique identifier serves to monitor and trace inventory goods.

The Correct answer is Automatically tracking and transporting packages up to 120 kg.

Key Points

• Automatic Tracking Book-Transport Robot:
  • ​The Tsukuba City Central Library employs various robots, including the transport robot "THOUZER" designed by the local venture company Doog in Tsukuba city.
  • This robot is equipped to automatically trail the lead librarian and transport packages weighing up to 120 kg.
  • To utilize the robot, a staff member places a book on "THOUZER," activates the automatic follow-up feature, and the robot navigates by assessing its surroundings through a laser sensor.
  • In case of obstacles, the robot halts automatically.
  • The library employs "THOUZER" for collecting books from the return post during periods of low user activity, effectively alleviating the workload on the staff.

Additional Information

• Reduction of Physical Burden by a Robot Suit:
  • ​Libraries often deal with heavy materials, particularly during inter-library loans (ILL) when numerous books are often packed into a single box.
  • To address this physical strain, the Tsukuba City Central Library has implemented the "HAL" robot suit developed by CYBERDYNE, a venture company affiliated with the University of Tsukuba.
  • The suit features a mechanism where a sensor reads signals from the operator's brain to the muscle, and the airframe motor, attached to the waist, assists in supporting human movement.
  • As reported by CYBERDYNE, wearing the "HAL" suit can reduce the lower back burden by up to 40%.
  • The Tsukuba City Central Library has introduced two "HALs" to alleviate staff workload and decrease reported back pain.

The Correct answer is Humanoid Type Help Desk Support Robot.

Key Points

• Humanoid Type Help Desk Support Robot:
  • ​Konan University has implemented a unique reference service using the robot "An-San," designed by Dr. Tomohiro Umetani, an associate professor at the Faculty of Intelligence and Informatics.
  • While "An-San" was initially developed to study tactile sensations, it is now stationed at the library counter to facilitate remote interactions between library staff and visitors through a combination of a camera and a microphone.
  • Although "An-San" cannot currently generate automatic answers, it has gained a positive reputation for its stability, practicality, and high operability in remote control.
  • Furthermore, the system includes a feature for creating complex reference records during help desk interactions using speech recognition technology.
  • The use of "An-San" is anticipated to contribute to collecting fundamental data for the development of future automatic reference systems.

Additional Information

•  Guidance to the Bookshelf by the Leading Robot:
  • ​There is currently a library guidance robot installed that assists users in locating bookshelves.
  • The robot, named "Uta-San," is a rabbit-type guidance robot primarily developed by Dr. Takashi Kawamura from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Oyama College.
  • "Uta-San" is equipped with features to read reflected light from reflective tape on the floor, allowing it to navigate along the designated path and stop in front of a predetermined bookshelf.
  • The development of "Uta-San" aims to create a more engaging library experience for elementary school students, fostering a sense of closeness to the library and encouraging increased reading.
  • In a proof experiment conducted at Oyama City Central Library, it was reported that children's motivation to visit the library and engage with books improved through the use of "Uta-San."

•  Biblio Battle by Robots:
  • ​Biblio Battle is a reading society that originated in Japan as a game.
  • In this format, several individuals introduce their favorite books to an audience, engaging in discussions.
  • Following all the presentations, participants vote for the book they would most like to read.
  • An event at the Yukuhashi Public Library in 2018 added a unique twist by programming a 58-cm tall humanoid robot named "NAO" to introduce books using gestures instead of human presenters.
  • This innovative approach blended robot movements with book introductions, making it a distinctive endeavor.

The Correct answer is Finder Pattern.

Key Points

• The QR Code, a form of bar code, features a square pattern of small black and white squares that encode data for scanning into a computer system.
• Developed in 1994 by Denso Wave, a division of Denso, a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation, QR Codes were initially designed for tracking automobile parts during assembly.
• They encode information such as numbers, letters, or characters in non-Latin scripts like Japanese kanji.
• Primarily used in advertising to encode URLs for websites containing coupons or product information, QR Codes find applications on tickets for sporting events and concerts.
• Laser scanners or mobile phone cameras are commonly used to read QR Codes, with special software decoding the pattern.
• The QR Code's three corners feature the finder pattern, aiding in orientation detection for optical scanners.
• Additional patterns include the alignment pattern, assessing code distortion, and the timing pattern, establishing the coordinate system.
• QR Code versions range from the largest, Version 40 (177 × 177 pixels), to the smallest, Version 1 (21 × 21 pixels).
• Version 40 can contain 7,089 numeric characters or 4,296 alphanumeric characters.
• Denso Wave also introduced the Micro QR Code, a smaller version for tracking small objects, with four versions ranging from 11 × 11 to 17 × 17 pixels.

The Correct answer is Online Public Access Catalogue

Key Points

• The online public access catalog (OPAC), now commonly synonymous with the library catalog, serves as an online database housing the materials within a library's holdings or a group of libraries.
• The initial large-scale online catalog was established at Ohio State University in 1975, followed by the Dallas Public Library in 1978.
• Developmental Phases of OPAC:
  • First-generation OPACs:
    • Initially, these systems were adapted from conventional catalogs or computerized circulation systems.
    • They were commonly known as phrase-indexed or pre-coordinated OPACs.
  • Second-generation OPACs:
    • These OPACs evolved from commercial bibliographic information retrieval systems in the 1970s, incorporating features resembling the search services offered by those systems.
    • Searches within second-generation OPACs typically involved phrase searching using pre-coordinated subject headings and keyword searches based on indexed data in the bibliographic records.
  • Third-generation OPACs:
    • The third generation of OPACs emerged with the advent of the World Wide Web in 1991.
    • The Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) functions as the user interface for the integrated library system.
• Types of OPACs:
  • Command-based OPAC
  • Window-based OPAC
  • Web-based OPAC
• Features of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC System):
  • Advanced searching capabilities
  • User guidance and support
  • Search limitations
  • Comprehensive bibliographic display
  • Enhanced search strategiesUser-friendly interface

The Correct answer is RFID tags, readers or sensors, Antenna and server.

Key Points

• RFID, short for Radio Frequency Identification, is a wireless communication system utilizing electromagnetic fields to facilitate data transfer between RFID tags and readers.
• These RFID tags, or transponders, are small electronic devices affixed to or embedded in objects, carrying unique identification information and capable of storing data like product details and location.
• In operation, the RFID reader emits radio waves, receiving signals from tags within its proximity, allowing seamless information exchange.
• Unlike barcodes that necessitate line-of-sight scanning, RFID enables non-contact and automatic identification of multiple items concurrently.
• Its benefits include swift data capture, real-time tracking, and enhanced accuracy.
• RFID technology presents several advantages over traditional inventory control methods, offering key benefits:
  • Real-Time and Accurate Tracking
  • Enhanced Efficiency and Productivity
  • Reduced Manual Errors and Data Entry
  • Enhanced Supply Chain Visibility and Transparency
  • Increased Security and Anti-Theft Measures
• ​Components of an RFID System:
  • ​RFID tags that are electronically programmed with unique information
  • Readers or sensors to query the tags
  • Antenna
  • Server on which the software that interfaces with the integrated library software is loaded. 
  • At the core of the system lies the RFID tag, which can be affixed to a book's back cover or directly onto CDs and videos.
  • This tag is equipped with a programmable chip and an antenna. Each slim tag incorporates an engraved antenna and a microchip with a capacity of at least 64 bits.
  • Three types of tags exist: "read-only," "WORM" (Write-Once-Read-Many), and "read/write" (Boss 2003).
  • Tags are "read-only" if the identification is encoded during manufacture and is not rewritable.
  • WORM" tags are programmed by the organization but cannot be rewritten later. Most libraries opt for "read/write" tags, allowing information to be changed or added.
  • In RFID-utilizing libraries, it is common to secure part of the read/write tag against rewriting, such as the identification number of the item.

The correct answer is Thermal Transfer Printing:

Key Points

• A barcode, also known as a bar code, is a means of visually representing data in a format that can be read by machines. Originally, barcodes conveyed information through differences in the widths, gaps, and dimensions of parallel lines.
• Thermal-transfer printing:
  • ​Thermal-transfer printing is a digital printing technique where a substance is transferred onto paper or another material by liquefying a layer of ribbon, ensuring it adheres to the surface where the printing is done.
  • This method differs from direct thermal printing, which does not involve the use of ribbon in the printing process and this method is considered as least long-lasting.​

Additional Information

• Photographic composition techniques
  • ​These are employed to arrange the components within an image.
  • These techniques mirror the natural way in which humans typically perceive a scene.
• Laser printing:
  • ​Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing method that creates high-quality text, graphics, and moderately good photographs.
  • It achieves this by repeatedly moving a laser beam over a negatively charged cylinder, known as a "drum," to form a varying charged image.
• Dot matrix printing:
  • ​Dot matrix printing, also known as impact matrix printing, is a computer printing technique where ink is deposited onto a surface using a comparatively low-resolution dot matrix arrangement for design.
  • These printers usually employ a print head that moves either horizontally or vertically across the page and generates prints through an impacting action, where it strikes an ink-soaked fabric ribbon against the paper.

The correct answer is Photo- Charging.

Key PointsRalph R Shaw 

• Ralph R Shaw (Ralph Robert Shaw) was credited with inventing the photo-charging machine widely used in libraries.
• Ralph R. Shaw, was an internationally known librarian who distinguished himself as an inventor, educator, publisher, and bibliographer.
• A former president of the American Library Association was noted for his adaptation of machines to the library (service and related inventions. 
• He was senior assistant chief bibliographer of the Engineering Societies Library from 1929 to 1936 and chief librarian of the Gary Public Library from 1936 to 1940. 
• He served as a professor at Rutgers University's Graduate School of Library Service from 1954 to 1964. 
• He founded a publishing company called the Scarecrow Press in 1950.

The correct answer is Mario Cardullo.

Key Points

• In 1973, Mario W. Cardullo was granted the first U.S. patent for an active RFID tag featuring rewritable memory on January 23. 
• Around the same time, Charles Walton, an entrepreneur based in California, also received a patent for a passive transponder. This transponder was designed for unlocking doors without the need for traditional keys. 
• In the 1970s, Los Alamos National Laboratory was tasked by the Energy Department with creating a system to trace nuclear materials.
• Additionally, the Agricultural Department. developed a passive RFID tag for monitoring cows.
• Moving ahead to the early 1990s, IBM engineers played a crucial role in inventing and patenting an ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID system. This development marked a significant milestone in RFID technology.
• The year 1999 witnessed a major boost for UHF RFID. It was during this time that the Uniform Code Council, EAN International, along with support from Procter & Gamble and Gillette, provided funding to establish the Auto-ID Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Additional Information

• Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that employs electromagnetic fields for the automatic identification and tracking of tags affixed to various objects.
• An RFID system typically consists of a small radio transponder, along with a radio receiver and transmitter.
• There are two main types of RFID tags:
  • Passive tags: These tags are powered by the energy transmitted by the RFID reader's interrogation radio waves. They have a limited range of communication.
  • Active tags: Active tags, on the other hand, are equipped with a battery, allowing them to be read from a greater distance, extending up to hundreds of meters away from the RFID reader.

Important Points

• Kevin Ashton is co-founder of the Auto-ID Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). This center played a crucial role in establishing a worldwide standard system for RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) and various sensors.
  • Ashton is particularly renowned for coining the term "the Internet of Things" (IoT).
• Sanjay E. Sarma is an accomplished Indian mechanical engineer who holds the esteemed position of the Fred Fort Flowers (1941) and Daniel Fort Flowers (1941) Professor of Mechanical Engineering at MIT.
  • Sarma is widely recognized for his significant contributions to the commercial RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) industry, where he has played a pivotal role in shaping standards and technologies.
  • He is a co-author of the book "The Inversion Factor: How to Thrive in the IoT Economy," published by MIT Press in 2017, 

The correct answer is OPAC;

Key Points

• OPAC;
  • OPAC is an acronym for Online Public Access Catalog. It is said to be a Real-time interactive retrieval system.
  • It was introduced in 1975 but has changed dramatically with technology development.
  • In 1975, Ohio State University unveiled the first public-facing OPAC system that library patrons could use to search for materials using the title, author, or call number.
  • In the 1980s, the second generation of OPAC was developed. 
  • Internet-enabled OPAC is called Web OPAC.
• MARC:
  • MARC is an acronym for Machine-readable Catalogue or cataloging. MARC is more accurately defined as a group of formats
    employing a particular set of conventions for the identification and arrangement of bibliographic data for handling by computer.
  • MARC-I commenced as a pilot project in 1966 in LC.
  • MARC II format developed in 1968 was the result of Anglo-American cooperation.
• RFID:
  • Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.
  • The RFID tags are placed in books and generally covered with stickers.
  • The main components of RFID include:
    • RFID tags,
    • Readers or sensors,
    • Antenna and server.
  • RFID was discovered in .1935.

Additional Information

• MARC 21 is the result of the combination of USMARC and CANMARC.
• The first edition of the UK MARC Manual appeared in 1975.
• UNIMARC is the brainchild of IFLA and was published in 1977.
• 3rd and the latest edition of UNIMARC was published in 2008.