Nervous System MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Nervous System - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Medulla.

Key Points

• The medulla is the lowest part of the brain and the lowest portion of the brainstem.
• The medulla is connected by the pons to the midbrain and is continuous posteriorly with the spinal cord.
• The medulla plays a critical role in transmitting signals between the spinal cord and the higher parts of the brain and in controlling autonomic activities, such as heartbeat and respiration.

 Additional Information

The correct answer is Cerebrum.

Explanation:

• The main thinking part of the human brain is the cerebrum.
• The cerebrum is the large outer part of the brain
• It controls reading, thinking, learning, speech, emotions, and planned muscle movements like walking.

• The cerebrum (a major part of the forebrain) is the main thinking part of the brain. It has sensory, motor, and association areas.

Additional Information

• The human brain is divided into three parts or compartments with different functions: Fore-brain, Midbrain, and hindbrain.
• The human brain with the spinal cord makes the central nervous system.
• Fore-brain is the main thinking part and controls voluntary actions.
  • It processes sensory information which is collected from various organs of the body such as ears, eyes, nose tongue, skin, etc.
  • The forebrain consists of Cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
  • The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain and is associate with the higher function of thinking and actions.
• Midbrain is a small central part of the brainstem, developing from the middle of the primitive or embryonic brain, the hypothalamus is a portion of the brain
  • It contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions, and the lower part of the brainstem, comprises the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. 
  • Midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain. 
  • It is a bridge to transmit signals.
  • The functions are vision, hearing, temperature regulation, and alertness, etc.
• The hindbrain controls the heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, sleep, and walking, etc.
  • the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain.
  • It is maintaining equilibrium, body balance, and posture during walking, riding, etc.

The correct answer is Electrical, sensory, muscles.

Key Points

• The brain processes electrical signals, which are fundamental for communication within the nervous system.
• The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting sensory signals to the brain, enabling the perception of touch, pain, and other sensations.
• The peripheral nervous system connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, facilitating movement and coordination.
• Electrical signals within neurons allow for the rapid transmission of information throughout the nervous system.

Additional Information

• Neurons: The basic building blocks of the nervous system, neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals.
• Synapse: A synapse is the junction between two neurons where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted.
• Action Potential: An action potential is a rapid rise and fall in voltage across a cellular membrane, essential for the transmission of electrical signals in neurons.
• Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers released by neurons at synapses to relay signals to other neurons or muscles.
• Reflex Arc: A neural pathway that controls a reflex action, typically involving a sensory neuron, a motor neuron, and sometimes an interneuron, facilitating quick responses to stimuli.

A nerve impulse is a rapid electrochemical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron, initiated by a change in the neuron's membrane potential and propagated by the opening and closing of ion channels.

Key Points

• The prorogation of nerve impulse from one node of Ranvier to another is called saltatory conduction.
• This is a rapid process by which nerve impulses travel along myelinated axons, jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next.
• The myelin sheath acts as an insulator, preventing the leakage of ions and allowing for more efficient propagation of the electrical signal.
• As a result, saltatory conduction is much faster than conduction in unmyelinated axons, which rely on continuous conduction.

Additional Information

• Reflex conduction is the rapid and automatic movement of impulses along specific pathways in response to a stimulus, mediated by spinal reflexes and allowing for quick, protective responses.
• Referral conduction is the phenomenon where pain or discomfort is perceived in a different location than the source of the stimulus, due to the convergence of nerve fibers from different regions onto the same spinal cord segment.
• Spatial summation is the process by which multiple presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters onto a single postsynaptic neuron, resulting in the summation of their effects and potentially triggering an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron.

The correct answer is Cerebellum.

Key Points

• The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, underneath the occipital lobes.
• It plays a crucial role in motor control, particularly in coordinating voluntary movements.
• The cerebellum helps maintain balance and posture by integrating sensory information from the spinal cord and other parts of the brain.
• It is involved in motor learning, allowing the body to perform smooth, accurate, and balanced movements.
• Damage to the cerebellum can result in ataxia, which is characterized by a lack of coordination and control over movements.

Additional Information

• Cerebrum
  • The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, and sensory processing.
  • It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is further divided into lobes responsible for different functions.
  • The cerebrum controls voluntary muscle movements and is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory.
• Medulla
  • The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem and controls autonomic functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
  • It acts as a relay station, transmitting signals between the brain and the spinal cord.
• Hypothalamus
  • The hypothalamus is a small region located below the thalamus and is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
  • It regulates various autonomic functions such as temperature control, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms.
  • The hypothalamus also plays a role in hormone secretion through its interaction with the pituitary gland.

The correct answer is Cerebrum.

Explanation:

• The main thinking part of the human brain is the cerebrum.
• The cerebrum is the large outer part of the brain
• It controls reading, thinking, learning, speech, emotions, and planned muscle movements like walking.

• The cerebrum (a major part of the forebrain) is the main thinking part of the brain. It has sensory, motor, and association areas.

Additional Information

• The human brain is divided into three parts or compartments with different functions: Fore-brain, Midbrain, and hindbrain.
• The human brain with the spinal cord makes the central nervous system.
• Fore-brain is the main thinking part and controls voluntary actions.
  • It processes sensory information which is collected from various organs of the body such as ears, eyes, nose tongue, skin, etc.
  • The forebrain consists of Cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
  • The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain and is associate with the higher function of thinking and actions.
• Midbrain is a small central part of the brainstem, developing from the middle of the primitive or embryonic brain, the hypothalamus is a portion of the brain
  • It contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions, and the lower part of the brainstem, comprises the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. 
  • Midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain. 
  • It is a bridge to transmit signals.
  • The functions are vision, hearing, temperature regulation, and alertness, etc.
• The hindbrain controls the heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, sleep, and walking, etc.
  • the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain.
  • It is maintaining equilibrium, body balance, and posture during walking, riding, etc.

The correct answer is Medulla.

Key Points

• The medulla is the lowest part of the brain and the lowest portion of the brainstem.
• The medulla is connected by the pons to the midbrain and is continuous posteriorly with the spinal cord.
• The medulla plays a critical role in transmitting signals between the spinal cord and the higher parts of the brain and in controlling autonomic activities, such as heartbeat and respiration.

 Additional Information

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Neuron.

• Neurons, also known as nerve cells, send and receive signals from the brain.
• A neuron has 3 parts: the dendrites, the cell body (also called the "soma"), the axon.'
  • Dendrites - It takes information to the cell body.
  • Cell body (soma) - the part of the cell that contains the nucleus.
  • Axon - It takes information away from the cell body.

• The functional unit of the Kidney is the nephron.
• Red blood cells also called erythrocytes.
• Red blood cells help in carrying oxygen throughout the body.
• Hemoglobin is a pigment in the red blood cells which gives the cells their red color.
• White blood cells (WBCs) are also called leukocytes.
• These help in protecting the body against foreign invaders.

The correct answer is Parietal lobe.

• There are four lobes in the human brain.
  • Frontal lobe.
  • Parietal lobe.
  • Occipital lobe.
  • Temporal lobe.

Important Points

• Parietal lobe:
  • Located behind the frontal lobe.
  • Receive and transmit sensory information from the body and skin. Also connected other parts of the brain.
  • Deals with many sensations including touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.
• Frontal lobe:
  • It is the largest part of four major lobes, located at the front of each hemisphere (brain’s cerebral cortex) and covered by the frontal cortex.
  • The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by the central sulcus.
  • The major role of the frontal lobe is decision making including self-management, Speech, and language, Comparing objects, memories, understanding, and reacting to feelings, behaviour, attention, etc.
• Occipital lobe:
  • It is the smallest of the lobes, located at the back portion of the brain and below the occipital bone.
  • The primary visual cortex, which is located in the occipital lobe, receives and interprets information from the retinas of the eyes.
  • The occipital lobe deals with aspects of vision, including face recognition, movement, object recognition, colour determination, distance, depth perception.
• Temporal lobe:
  • Located in the bottom section of the brain and sitting close to the ear level within the skull.
  • The major functions are hearing, language recognization, speaking and understanding writing, memory acquisition, visual perception, etc.

• Fore-brain is the main thinking part of the human brain.
• Fore-brain comprises of Cerebrum, Thalamus and Hypothalamus.
• The cerebrum controls all the voluntary activities like thinking, learning, reasoning, etc.
• Hind-brain comprises of Pons, Cerebellum and Medulla oblongata. The Medulla contains centres of respiration, cardiovascular reflexes, etc.
• Cerebellum maintains orientation, posture and equilibrium of the body.
• Mid-brain comprises of four lobes called corpora quadrigemina. 

Concept-

• Human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system
• The brain can be divided into three basic units: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain.
• The brainstem network controls blood pressure
• Brain stem include
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Pons
  • Mid brain

Key Points  

           Fore-brain:

• The forebrain structures include the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland.
• Cerebral hemispheres make up the uppermost portion of the brain and are involved in sensory mecahnism, control of voluntary movement, such as speech.
• The thalamus is the main relay centre between the medulla oblongata and the cerebrum.
• Hypothalamus is an important control center for sex drive, pleasure, pain, hunger, thirst body temperature, and other visceral functions.
• Hypothalamus produces hormones that control the secretions of the anterior pituitary gland, and it also produces oxytocin.

           Mid-brain:

• The midbrain lies between the thalamus and pons.
• Midbrain serves important functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.  

         Hind-brain:

           There are three main parts of the hindbrain - pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.

• Pons regulate respiration.
• Cerebellum helps with the coordination and movement related to motor skills, especially involving the hands and feet.
• Medulla Oblangata plays an essential role in passing messages between your spinal cord and brain.
• It's also essential for regulating your cardiovascular(Heart) and respiratory systems.
• 

Additional Information

• Spinal cord is also a part of central nervous system.
• Primary role of the spinal cord is to relay sensory, motor, and autonomic messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

The correct answer is Brain.

Key Points

• Brain organs will not feel any pain on being pricked by a needle. 
• The brain is a painless organ.
  • So pricking or even removing a part of the brain, while a person is conscious, does not cause any pain.
• Operating brain in a conscious state is a common procedure which is known as “awake craniotomy”.
  •  A cover around the brain is a painful structure. Pricking it can cause severe pain.
• There are no pain nor tactile (touch) receptors of any type in the brain itself.
  • So, a needle or even more invasive brain surgery is not associated with any “sensation” of the brain being touched in the patient.
• Hence, option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is the Junction of the optic nerve and the retina.

Key Points

• Blindspot 

• The eye lens focuses light on the back of the eye, on a layer called the retina.
• The retina contains several nerve cells.
• Sensations felt by the nerve cells are then transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve.
• At the junction of the optic nerve and the retina, there are no sensory cells, so no vision is possible at that spot.
• This is called the blind spot.

The correct answer is Medulla oblongata.

Key Points

• The part of the brain from which the spinal cord originates is the Medulla oblongata.
  • The spinal cord is a long, tubular structure that extends from the medulla oblongata to the lumber part of the vertebral column.
  • It is a part of the central nervous system.
  • It controls the reflex actions and transmits sensory impulses from the skin and muscles to the brain.
  • The spinal cord is the nerve center and associated neurons are present in it.
  • The medulla is part of the hindbrain.
  • The spinal cord emerges from the medulla oblongata and the medulla connects it to the brain.
  • The medulla contains centers that control respiration, cardiovascular reflexes, and gastric secretion.
  • Thus its functions are related to the autonomic (involuntary) functions of breathing, sneezing, swallowing, digestion, regulating heart rate and blood pressure, etc. 

Additional Information 

Cerebrum :

• The cerebrum is one of the parts of the forebrain and the site of intelligence, memory, behavior, and reasoning.
• The cerebrum regulates vision, hearing, and speech, and involves in voluntary activities.

​​Pons :

• Pons is the part of hindbrain.
• It consists of fiber tracts that interconnected different regions of the brain. 

Cerebellum :

• The cerebellum is also the part of hindbrain.
• It maintains balance and posture of the body and also coordinates voluntary movements.

The correct answer is Receptor → Spinal cord → Muscle.

Key Points

• In the reflex action, the reflex arch is formed by Receptor → Spinal cord → Muscle.
• The correct circuit of the reflex arc is Receptor→sensory neuron→spinal cord→motor neuron→effector
• A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex action. In vertebrates, instead of passing directly to the brain, the sensory neuron's synapse in the spinal cord.
• This helps in a faster reflex action without the delay that is caused by routing signals through the brain.
• The three main types of neurons are sensory, motor and relay neurons.

Important Points

The detailed process is

• The receptor detects a stimulus.
• Sensory neurons send electrical impulses to a relay neuron located in the spinal cord.
• Relay neurons connect sensory neurons to motor neurons.
• Motor neurons send an electrical impulse to an effector.
• Effector produces a response.