Nervous System MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Nervous System - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Cerebrum.

Key Points

• The main thinking part of the human brain is Cerebrum.
• The cerebrum is the large and outer part of the brain
• It controls reading, thinking, learning, speech, emotions, and planned muscle movements like walking.

• The cerebrum (a major part of the forebrain) is the main thinking part of the brain. It has sensory, motor, and association areas.

Additional Information

• The human brain is divided into three parts or compartments with different functions: Fore-brain, Midbrain, and hindbrain.
• The human brain with the spinal cord makes the central nervous system.
• Fore-brain is the main thinking part and controls voluntary actions.
  • It processes sensory information which is collected from various organs of the body such as ears, eyes, nose tongue, skin, etc.
  • The forebrain consists of Cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
  • The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain and associate with the higher function of thinking and actions.
• Midbrain is a small central part of the brainstem, developing from the middle of the primitive or embryonic brain, the hypothalamus is a portion of the brain
  • It contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions, and the lower part of the brainstem, comprising the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. 
  • Midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain. 
  • It is a bridge to transmit signals.
  • The functions are vision, hearing, temperature regulation, and alertness, etc.
• The hindbrain controls the heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, sleep, and walking, etc.
  • the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain.
  • It is maintaining equilibrium, body balance, posture during walking, riding, etc.

The Correct answer is Leptin.

Key Points

• Leptin is a hormone produced by the body’s fat cells (adipocytes).
• It plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance, appetite, and body weight by signaling the brain when the body has sufficient energy stores.
• Leptin interacts with the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that controls hunger and satiety.
• When fat stores increase, leptin levels rise, sending a signal to the brain to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure.
• In the context of mindful eating, leptin helps the brain recognize when the body is full, aiding in better portion control and preventing overeating.
• An imbalance in leptin signaling, such as in leptin resistance, is often associated with conditions like obesity, where the brain does not properly respond to leptin’s signals.
• Leptin is sometimes referred to as the "satiety hormone" or the "anti-hunger hormone" because of its crucial role in appetite regulation.

Additional Information

• Ghrelin
  • Ghrelin is often referred to as the "hunger hormone" because it stimulates appetite.
  • This hormone is primarily secreted by the stomach and signals the brain to increase food intake.
  • Ghrelin levels are highest before meals and decrease after eating.
  • Unlike leptin, ghrelin promotes hunger rather than fullness.
• Insulin
  • Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels.
  • It helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream for energy or storage.
  • Although insulin indirectly impacts hunger and fullness, it is not primarily responsible for signaling satiety.
• Adrenaline
  • Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands.
  • It is primarily involved in the body’s "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, and blood flow to muscles.
  • Adrenaline is not involved in appetite regulation or signaling fullness to the brain.

The correct answer is  Cerebrum.

• It is a part of the forebrain and also the largest part of the forebrain.
• Emotion, reading, thinking, problem-solving and learning are controlled by the cerebrum.

Key Points

• The cerebrum is made of two halves of the hemisphere which is connected by a bundle of a fibrous structure called the corpus callosum.
• Pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata are the constituents of the hindbrain.
• The Medulla of the brain is connected with the spinal cord and it is also the last portion of the brain which controls respiration, gastric juice secretion, and cardiovascular reflexes.

The correct answer is Medulla.

Key Points

• The medulla is the lowest part of the brain and the lowest portion of the brainstem.
• The medulla is connected by the pons to the midbrain and is continuous posteriorly with the spinal cord.
• The medulla plays a critical role in transmitting signals between the spinal cord and the higher parts of the brain and in controlling autonomic activities, such as heartbeat and respiration.

 Additional Information

The correct answer is Cerebrum.

Explanation:

• The main thinking part of the human brain is the cerebrum.
• The cerebrum is the large outer part of the brain
• It controls reading, thinking, learning, speech, emotions, and planned muscle movements like walking.

• The cerebrum (a major part of the forebrain) is the main thinking part of the brain. It has sensory, motor, and association areas.

Additional Information

• The human brain is divided into three parts or compartments with different functions: Fore-brain, Midbrain, and hindbrain.
• The human brain with the spinal cord makes the central nervous system.
• Fore-brain is the main thinking part and controls voluntary actions.
  • It processes sensory information which is collected from various organs of the body such as ears, eyes, nose tongue, skin, etc.
  • The forebrain consists of Cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
  • The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain and is associate with the higher function of thinking and actions.
• Midbrain is a small central part of the brainstem, developing from the middle of the primitive or embryonic brain, the hypothalamus is a portion of the brain
  • It contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions, and the lower part of the brainstem, comprises the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. 
  • Midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain. 
  • It is a bridge to transmit signals.
  • The functions are vision, hearing, temperature regulation, and alertness, etc.
• The hindbrain controls the heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, sleep, and walking, etc.
  • the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain.
  • It is maintaining equilibrium, body balance, and posture during walking, riding, etc.

The correct answer is Cerebrum.

Explanation:

• The main thinking part of the human brain is the cerebrum.
• The cerebrum is the large outer part of the brain
• It controls reading, thinking, learning, speech, emotions, and planned muscle movements like walking.

• The cerebrum (a major part of the forebrain) is the main thinking part of the brain. It has sensory, motor, and association areas.

Additional Information

• The human brain is divided into three parts or compartments with different functions: Fore-brain, Midbrain, and hindbrain.
• The human brain with the spinal cord makes the central nervous system.
• Fore-brain is the main thinking part and controls voluntary actions.
  • It processes sensory information which is collected from various organs of the body such as ears, eyes, nose tongue, skin, etc.
  • The forebrain consists of Cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
  • The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain and is associate with the higher function of thinking and actions.
• Midbrain is a small central part of the brainstem, developing from the middle of the primitive or embryonic brain, the hypothalamus is a portion of the brain
  • It contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions, and the lower part of the brainstem, comprises the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. 
  • Midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain. 
  • It is a bridge to transmit signals.
  • The functions are vision, hearing, temperature regulation, and alertness, etc.
• The hindbrain controls the heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, sleep, and walking, etc.
  • the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain.
  • It is maintaining equilibrium, body balance, and posture during walking, riding, etc.

The correct answer is Medulla.

Key Points

• The medulla is the lowest part of the brain and the lowest portion of the brainstem.
• The medulla is connected by the pons to the midbrain and is continuous posteriorly with the spinal cord.
• The medulla plays a critical role in transmitting signals between the spinal cord and the higher parts of the brain and in controlling autonomic activities, such as heartbeat and respiration.

 Additional Information

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Neuron.

• Neurons, also known as nerve cells, send and receive signals from the brain.
• A neuron has 3 parts: the dendrites, the cell body (also called the "soma"), the axon.'
  • Dendrites - It takes information to the cell body.
  • Cell body (soma) - the part of the cell that contains the nucleus.
  • Axon - It takes information away from the cell body.

• The functional unit of the Kidney is the nephron.
• Red blood cells also called erythrocytes.
• Red blood cells help in carrying oxygen throughout the body.
• Hemoglobin is a pigment in the red blood cells which gives the cells their red color.
• White blood cells (WBCs) are also called leukocytes.
• These help in protecting the body against foreign invaders.

The correct answer is Parietal lobe.

• There are four lobes in the human brain.
  • Frontal lobe.
  • Parietal lobe.
  • Occipital lobe.
  • Temporal lobe.

Important Points

• Parietal lobe:
  • Located behind the frontal lobe.
  • Receive and transmit sensory information from the body and skin. Also connected other parts of the brain.
  • Deals with many sensations including touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.
• Frontal lobe:
  • It is the largest part of four major lobes, located at the front of each hemisphere (brain’s cerebral cortex) and covered by the frontal cortex.
  • The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by the central sulcus.
  • The major role of the frontal lobe is decision making including self-management, Speech, and language, Comparing objects, memories, understanding, and reacting to feelings, behaviour, attention, etc.
• Occipital lobe:
  • It is the smallest of the lobes, located at the back portion of the brain and below the occipital bone.
  • The primary visual cortex, which is located in the occipital lobe, receives and interprets information from the retinas of the eyes.
  • The occipital lobe deals with aspects of vision, including face recognition, movement, object recognition, colour determination, distance, depth perception.
• Temporal lobe:
  • Located in the bottom section of the brain and sitting close to the ear level within the skull.
  • The major functions are hearing, language recognization, speaking and understanding writing, memory acquisition, visual perception, etc.

• Fore-brain is the main thinking part of the human brain.
• Fore-brain comprises of Cerebrum, Thalamus and Hypothalamus.
• The cerebrum controls all the voluntary activities like thinking, learning, reasoning, etc.
• Hind-brain comprises of Pons, Cerebellum and Medulla oblongata. The Medulla contains centres of respiration, cardiovascular reflexes, etc.
• Cerebellum maintains orientation, posture and equilibrium of the body.
• Mid-brain comprises of four lobes called corpora quadrigemina. 

Concept-

• Human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system
• The brain can be divided into three basic units: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain.
• The brainstem network controls blood pressure
• Brain stem include
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Pons
  • Mid brain

Key Points  

           Fore-brain:

• The forebrain structures include the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland.
• Cerebral hemispheres make up the uppermost portion of the brain and are involved in sensory mecahnism, control of voluntary movement, such as speech.
• The thalamus is the main relay centre between the medulla oblongata and the cerebrum.
• Hypothalamus is an important control center for sex drive, pleasure, pain, hunger, thirst body temperature, and other visceral functions.
• Hypothalamus produces hormones that control the secretions of the anterior pituitary gland, and it also produces oxytocin.

           Mid-brain:

• The midbrain lies between the thalamus and pons.
• Midbrain serves important functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.  

         Hind-brain:

           There are three main parts of the hindbrain - pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.

• Pons regulate respiration.
• Cerebellum helps with the coordination and movement related to motor skills, especially involving the hands and feet.
• Medulla Oblangata plays an essential role in passing messages between your spinal cord and brain.
• It's also essential for regulating your cardiovascular(Heart) and respiratory systems.
• 

Additional Information

• Spinal cord is also a part of central nervous system.
• Primary role of the spinal cord is to relay sensory, motor, and autonomic messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

The correct answer is Brain.

Key Points

• Brain organs will not feel any pain on being pricked by a needle. 
• The brain is a painless organ.
  • So pricking or even removing a part of the brain, while a person is conscious, does not cause any pain.
• Operating brain in a conscious state is a common procedure which is known as “awake craniotomy”.
  •  A cover around the brain is a painful structure. Pricking it can cause severe pain.
• There are no pain nor tactile (touch) receptors of any type in the brain itself.
  • So, a needle or even more invasive brain surgery is not associated with any “sensation” of the brain being touched in the patient.
• Hence, option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is the Junction of the optic nerve and the retina.

Key Points

• Blindspot 

• The eye lens focuses light on the back of the eye, on a layer called the retina.
• The retina contains several nerve cells.
• Sensations felt by the nerve cells are then transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve.
• At the junction of the optic nerve and the retina, there are no sensory cells, so no vision is possible at that spot.
• This is called the blind spot.

The correct answer is Medulla oblongata.

Key Points

• The part of the brain from which the spinal cord originates is the Medulla oblongata.
  • The spinal cord is a long, tubular structure that extends from the medulla oblongata to the lumber part of the vertebral column.
  • It is a part of the central nervous system.
  • It controls the reflex actions and transmits sensory impulses from the skin and muscles to the brain.
  • The spinal cord is the nerve center and associated neurons are present in it.
  • The medulla is part of the hindbrain.
  • The spinal cord emerges from the medulla oblongata and the medulla connects it to the brain.
  • The medulla contains centers that control respiration, cardiovascular reflexes, and gastric secretion.
  • Thus its functions are related to the autonomic (involuntary) functions of breathing, sneezing, swallowing, digestion, regulating heart rate and blood pressure, etc. 

Additional Information 

Cerebrum :

• The cerebrum is one of the parts of the forebrain and the site of intelligence, memory, behavior, and reasoning.
• The cerebrum regulates vision, hearing, and speech, and involves in voluntary activities.

​​Pons :

• Pons is the part of hindbrain.
• It consists of fiber tracts that interconnected different regions of the brain. 

Cerebellum :

• The cerebellum is also the part of hindbrain.
• It maintains balance and posture of the body and also coordinates voluntary movements.

The correct answer is Receptor → Spinal cord → Muscle.

Key Points

• In the reflex action, the reflex arch is formed by Receptor → Spinal cord → Muscle.
• The correct circuit of the reflex arc is Receptor→sensory neuron→spinal cord→motor neuron→effector
• A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex action. In vertebrates, instead of passing directly to the brain, the sensory neuron's synapse in the spinal cord.
• This helps in a faster reflex action without the delay that is caused by routing signals through the brain.
• The three main types of neurons are sensory, motor and relay neurons.

Important Points

The detailed process is

• The receptor detects a stimulus.
• Sensory neurons send electrical impulses to a relay neuron located in the spinal cord.
• Relay neurons connect sensory neurons to motor neurons.
• Motor neurons send an electrical impulse to an effector.
• Effector produces a response.