Genetic engineering is a set of techniques that allow for the deliberate manipulation of genes. This could be to repair, modify, enhance or suppress the structure and function of a specific gene. It's also commonly referred to as genetic modification.
Genetic engineering involves transferring genes, gene recombination, and creating synthetic genetic material. An organism that has been modified using genetic engineering is known as a genetically modified organism (GMO) . Genetic engineering has applications in medicine, agriculture, industry, and biotechnology.
In agriculture, genetic engineering is used to create crops of superior quality and yield. In the medical field, it is used to manufacture hormones, enzymes, and vaccines . Gene knock-out and knock-in therapies are also developed to study the impact of specific genes.
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Recombinant DNA Technology (RDT) is a technique that surfaced in the mid-20th century, which is used to create recombinant DNA molecules. This involves combining two DNA molecules from different sources to create a recombinant DNA and introducing it into an organism's genome via a vector, enhancing the gene's function.
The prospect of RDT became a reality when Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber discovered restriction enzymes in 1968. These enzymes cleave DNA molecules at specific sites, which can then be combined with another cleaved DNA molecule to create a recombinant DNA.
Overall, genetic engineering is a broad term encompassing all techniques used for the alteration and modification of DNA, while Recombinant DNA Technology is a specific technique within genetic engineering used to create recombinant DNA.
Genetic Engineering |
Recombinant DNA Technology |
Genetic Engineering involves techniques that allow for the deliberate alteration, repair, enhancement or suppression of genetic material. |
Recombinant DNA technology is a specific technique within genetic engineering that combines DNA molecules from two different sources to create a recombinant DNA. |
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