Which of the following organisms perform waggle dance for others of their kin to indicate the direction and the distance to a source of their food? 

The correct answer is option 3.

Key PointsHoney Bees:

• Complex Communication:
  • Honey bees use a sophisticated form of spatial referential communication known as the "waggle dance" to convey information about the direction, distance, and quality of a resource to nestmates.
• Encoding Cues:
  • The waggle dance encodes celestial cues, retinal optic flow, and the relative value of food into motion and sound signals within the hive. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• Social Learning Required:
  • Social learning is essential for waggle dancing, as bees that don't have the opportunity to observe other dancers produce more disordered dances with errors in distance encoding.
• Role of Social Learning:
  • Bees that have followed other dancers before performing their first dance show no such impairments, demonstrating that social learning shapes their signaling behavior.
• Comparison with Other Species:
  • This form of social learning in honey bees is comparable to communication development in human infants, birds, and other vertebrate species.