State True/False for the following statements, with reference to overload and short circuit in power systems:

1. The voltage at the overload point may be low, but not zero.

2. The currents in the overloaded equipment are substantially lower than that in the case of a short-circuit.

Overload in Power System

• An overload occurs when electrical equipment or a circuit carries more current than its rated capacity, but there is no direct fault or connection between phases or ground.
• This condition can cause the wiring to overheat, potentially leading to a fire. Common signs include tripped circuit breakers, flickering lights, and unusual buzzing or sizzling sounds from electrical outlets.
• In an overload condition, the electrical load exceeds the rated capacity, causing a voltage drop but not a complete loss of voltage. Unlike a short circuit, where voltage at the fault point is nearly zero, an overload only reduces the voltage.

Hence, Statement 1 is True.

Short Circuit in the Power System

• A short circuit is an unintentional, low-resistance connection between two points in a circuit, allowing excessive current to flow, bypassing the intended load path. This can be caused by damaged insulation, faulty wiring, or accidental contact, leading to potential hazards like overheating, fires, and equipment damage. 
• In an overload, the current is higher than normal but still within a limited range (e.g., 2-5 times the rated current).
• In a short circuit, the current can be hundreds or thousands of times the normal current, depending on system impedance.
• Therefore, overload current is substantially lower compared to short-circuit current.

Hence, Statement 2 is True.