Given below are two statements :

Statement I: Vyāpti (relation of Universal concomitance) expresses the relation between two individual objects only.

Statement II: Vyāpti expresses the relation between the classes of individuals.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

According to Nyaya philosophy, the term anumana literally means after knowledge i.e., the knowledge that follows other knowledge. The basis of the inference is invariable concomitance. 

Key Points

Statement I: Vyāpti (relation of Universal concomitance) expresses the relation between two individual objects only.

• The invariable relation between the hetu and the sadya is called Vyapti. 
• It is considered as the logical ground of inference which is one of the means to knowledge.
• No conclusion can be inferred without the knowledge of vyapti.
• Vyapti guarantees the truth of the conclusion.
• Vyapti guarantees the truth of conclusion. It signifies the relation of invariable concomitance between "hetu" and "sadhya" and is of two kinds.

Hence, the statement I is true.

Statement II: Vyāpti expresses the relation between the classes of individuals.

• Vyapti is a universal statement that expresses the "niyata sahacharya" or relation of constant concomitance between hetu or the middle term and sadhya or the major term.
• It implies the "sahacara" i.e. the knowledge of invariable relation of causality or co-existence between sadhya and hetu in all the three instances of time, which is possible when the "anupadhik sambandha" i.e. the relation of unconditionality between the two is known.
• Vyapti between terms of unequal extension is called "asamavyavyapti" or "visamavyapti", and vyapti between equal extensions is called "samavyapti"

The above explanation indicates that the word "Vyapti" is actually used to show the relation between two individual objects.

Hence, statement II is incorrect.

Therefore, Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.