In the population history of India, which decades are referred to as the period of population explosion?

The correct answer is 1951-1981.

Key Points

• The period from 1951 to 1981 in India is referred to as the period of population explosion due to a sharp rise in population growth rates.
• This was largely attributed to the decline in death rates due to advancements in healthcare and improved sanitation, while birth rates remained high.
• The rapid population growth put immense pressure on resources, leading to challenges such as urban overcrowding, unemployment, and insufficient infrastructure.
• During this period, the government initiated family planning programs to curb the high birth rates and manage population growth effectively.
• India witnessed its first National Family Planning Program in 1952, making it the first country in the world to launch such an initiative.

Additional Information

• Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
  • The demographic transition model explains population growth in four stages: high birth and death rates (Stage 1), declining death rates (Stage 2), declining birth rates (Stage 3), and low birth and death rates (Stage 4).
  • India's period of population explosion falls under Stage 2 and early Stage 3 of the DTM.
• Population Policies in India
  • The first National Population Policy (1976) aimed at reducing the birth rate through education, healthcare, and family welfare programs.
  • The 1981 census revealed the critical need for enhanced population control measures.
• Factors Contributing to Population Explosion
  • Decline in mortality rates due to advancements in medical science and public health.
  • Lack of widespread awareness about family planning and contraceptive use.
  • Socio-economic factors such as preference for larger families, especially in rural areas.
• Impact of Population Explosion
  • Increased pressure on natural resources such as water, land, and energy.
  • Challenges in providing adequate healthcare, education, housing, and employment.
  • Environmental degradation due to overpopulation and urban expansion.