In a network, If P is the only packet being transmitted and there was no earlier transmission, which of the following delays could be zero ? 

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  1. Propagation delay 
  2. Queuing delay
  3. Transmission delay
  4. Processing delay

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Queuing delay
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Correct Answer: Option 2) Queuing delay


Key Points:

Type of Delay Description Can It Be Zero?
Propagation Delay Time taken for the signal to travel from sender to receiver, depends on distance and medium. No — Even with one packet, propagation through medium takes time.
Queuing Delay Time a packet waits in queue before transmission. Yes — Since there’s no congestion or prior packet, the packet does not wait in queue.
Transmission Delay Time to push the packet’s bits onto the wire, depends on packet size and bandwidth. No — Even a single packet requires transmission time.
Processing Delay Time required for routers/switches to examine the packet and make forwarding decisions. No — Some processing is always required.

Additional Information:

  • Queuing delay can be zero when the network is idle or lightly loaded, as there is no waiting for the packet to be forwarded.
  • Propagation, Transmission, and Processing delays are dependent on physical, hardware, and logical operations, and are rarely zero.

Conclusion: In a no-congestion environment with only one packet (P), only queuing delay can be considered zero.

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