During senescence-associated programmed cell death, cellular constituents are degraded by socialized vacuoles called

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  1. autophagosomes
  2. flippase
  3. early endosome
  4. reticulons

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : autophagosomes
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The correct answer is autophagosomes

Concept:

  • Senescence-associated programmed cell death is a process where cells undergo a regulated form of death, often to remove damaged or unnecessary cells.
  • During this process, cellular constituents are degraded by specialized vacuoles called autophagosomes.
  • Autophagy, the process involving autophagosomes, is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cellular components.

Explanation:

  • Autophagosomes: These are double-membrane vesicles that capture and deliver cellular components to lysosomes for degradation. They play a crucial role in removing damaged organelles and proteins, thus maintaining cellular health.

Other Options:

  • Flippase: This is an enzyme involved in the movement of phospholipids between the inner and outer leaflets of the lipid bilayer. It is not related to the degradation of cellular constituents during programmed cell death.
  • Early Endosome: Early endosomes are membrane-bound compartments involved in sorting and trafficking of endocytosed materials. They are part of the endocytic pathway but do not directly degrade cellular components during programmed cell death.
  • Reticulons: Reticulons are proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and play a role in shaping the ER membrane. They do not participate in the degradation of cellular constituents during senescence-associated programmed cell death.
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