Knowledge Organization & Processing - Classification MCQ Quiz in తెలుగు - Objective Question with Answer for Knowledge Organization & Processing - Classification - ముఫ్త్ [PDF] డౌన్‌లోడ్ కరెన్

The Correct answer is the Principle of Alphabetical Sequence.

Key Points

• Principle of Facet Sequence
  • Ranganathan presented four principles for Facet Sequence, they are 1. Wall-Picture Principle, 2. Whole-Organ Principle, 3. Cow-Calf Principle, and 4. Actand-Action-Actor-Tool Principle.
  • Wall picture principle: The principle indicates that when there are two facets and the concept of one of the facets (let us call it B) is not operative without conceding the concept of the other facet (Let us call it A) then, A should precede B.
  • The Whole-Organ Principle reads as if in a subject, facet B is an organ of facet A, then A should precede B.
  • Cow-calf principle; if a facet A and another facet B belonging to the same subject are not to be separated though they are distinct from each other and thus separable, A and B should be kept together in the same Round, even as a milch cow and its unweaned calf are not separately sold out though they are distinct entities and thus separable, but are kept together in possession of the same owner.
  • Act and-action-actor-tool Principle; If in a subject, facet B denotes action on facet A by facet C, with facet D as the tool, then the four facets should be arranged in the sequence A, B, C, D. means in a subject when Action, Actor, Act, and Tool are present. Their sequence should be Act and-Action-Actor-
• Principle of Helpuf sequence:
  • Ranganathan formulated eight Principles of Helpful Sequence
  1. Principle of Later-in-Time
  2. Principle of Later-in-Evolution
  3. Principle of Spatial Contiguity
  4. Principles for Quantitative Measure
  5. Principle of Increasing Complexity
  6. Principle of Canonical Sequence
  7. Principle of Literary Warrant
  8. Principle of Alphabetical Sequence​

Additional Information

• ​Canons of Classification
  • ​Ranganathan formulated 43 canons and grouped them into three planes of work.
    i) Canons for Idea Plane (15).
    ii) Canons for Verbal Plane (4).
    iii) Canons for Notational Plane (24)
• Fundamental Categories: There are five and only five fundamental categories, namely Time, Space, Energy, Matter and Personality", PMEST; for short
• Basic Laws:: Ranganathan formulated six basic laws, viz.,
  1) Law of Interpretation
  2) Law of Impartiality
  3) Law of Symmetry
  4) Law of Parsimony
  5) Law of Local Variation
  6) Law of Osmosis '

The correct answer is Purely  Enumerative Classification.

Key Points Library of Congress Classification (LCC)

• It was developed by the Library of Congress in the United States.
• It was developed in 1904.
• LCC is mainly used by large research and academic libraries, while most public libraries and small academic libraries used the Dewey Decimal Classification system.
• It was designed specifically for the purposes and collection of the Library of Congress to replace the fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson.
• From 1996 onwards, the LCC schedules were available online
• since 2013, there have been no new print editions of the classification system.
• All updates are now distributed by the Library's Cataloging Distribution Service entirely online.

The correct answer is Six.

Key Points

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

• The 23rd edition of DDC is released in May 2011 for the USA and in July 2011 for the rest of the world.
• It was first published in 1876 by Melvil Dewey.
• The DDC is published by OCLC (Online Computer Library Center)
• Pheonix Schedule is part of DDC since the 16th Edition.
• Standard Subdivision was introduced in the 17th Edition.

In Edition 23 of DDC, there are six tables:

• Table 1: Standard Subdivisions;
• Table 2: Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Biography;
• Table 3: A-C Subdivisions for the Arts, for Individual Literatures, for Specific Literary Forms;
• Table 4: Subdivisions of Individual Languages and Language Families;
• Table 5: Ethnic and National Groups Table 6 Languages.
• Table 6: Languages.

Additional InformationMelvil Dewey

• ​He is the inventor of the Dewey Decimal system of library classification in 1876.
• He is also known as the father of the Modern Classification System.
• He was also a founding member of the American Library Association.

The correct answer is "Dewey Decimal Classification".

Key Points

• Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)-
  • Melvil Dewey devised the Dewey Decimal Classification system for Library Cataloguing.
  • It is the second of the three schemes of Library Classification.
  • In DDC Gap device is a method to accommodate future subjects.
  • Gap device is used at every level of arrays in almost all classifications.
  • Gap device leaves some vacant numbers here and there to be filled in with future and unborn subjects.
  • In the CC, e.g., U2 and U7 are vacant positions that can be filled with new topics of Geography

                    U1 Mathematical Geography

                    U2 Physical Geography

                    U3 [Vacant]

                    U4 Anthropogeography

                    U5 Political Geography

                    U6 Economic Geography

                    U7 [Vacant]

                    U8 Travels

• Library of Congress Classification (LCC)-
  • ​It is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress.
  • It is used mainly by large research and academic libraries.
  • The classification divides all knowledge into 21 basic classes, each given a single letter of the alphabet as an identifier.
• Universal classification (UDC)-
  • Paul Otlet ​created the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) scheme, unlike the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) scheme.
  • It is the second of the three schemes of Library Classification.
  • The first edition of UDC, called "Handbook to the Universal Bibliographic Repertory" in French, was published by the Institute of International de Bibliography (IIB) from 1904 to 1907.
• Colon classification (CC)-​
  • Colon classification (CC) is a system of library classification developed by S.R. Ranganathan in 1933.
  • It was the first ever faceted (or analytic-synthetic) classification.
  • Its name "Colon classification" comes from the use of colons to separate facets in class numbers. However, many other classification schemes, some of which are completely unrelated, also use colons and other punctuation in various functions. They should not be confused with Colon classification.
  • This system uses all 26 letters of the alphabet, each representing a discipline or discipline.
  • It uses 42 main classes that are combined with other letters, numbers, and marks in a manner resembling the Library of Congress Classification to sort a publication.

The correct answer is Schedules of classics and sacred books with special names.

Key Points

•  Part 1 - Rules
  • ​Part 1 of the Colon Classification deals with the Rules of the Classifications.
  • It deals with Call-Number, ClassNumber, Book-Number, and Collection Numbers.
• Part 2 - Schedules
  • ​Part 2 of the Colon classification deals with the Schedules of Classifications.
  • The Alphabetical Index to all the other isolates is given in Alphabetical Sequence at the end of Part 2. 
• Part 3 - Classics and Sacred Books
  • ​Part 3 gives classes and classics in Indology worked out in far greater detail.
  • The Indological schedules will also be of use in classifying Manuscript Libraries.
  • It includes schedules of Sacred Books with special names. 

Additional Information

Colon classification:

• It is the library classification system developed by SR Ranganathan in 1931.
• The colon classification system uses 42 main classes that are combined with other letters, numbers, and marks.
• The latest edition of the CC is the 7th edition which was introduced in the year 1987.

The Correct answer is (A), (B) and (C) only

Key Points

Colon classification:

• It is the library classification system developed by SR Ranganathan in 1931.
• The colon classification system uses 42 main classes that are combined with other letters, numbers, and marks.
• The latest edition of the CC is the 7th edition which was introduced in the year 1987.
• Colon Classification in divided into three parts:
  • Part 1 - Rules
    • ​Part 1 of the Colon Classification deals with the Rules of the Classifications.
    • It deals with Call-Number, ClassNumber, Book-Number, and Collection Numbers.
  • Part 2 - Schedules
    • ​Part 2 of the Colon classification deals with the Schedules of Classifications.
    • The Alphabetical Index to all the other isolates is given in Alphabetical Sequence at the end of Part 2. 
  • Part 3 - Classics and Sacred Books
    • ​Part 3 gives classes and classics in Indology worked out in far greater detail.
    • The Indological schedules will also be of use in classifying Manuscript Libraries.
    • It includes schedules of Sacred Books with special names. 

The Correct answer is ​A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3.

Key Points

• Ranganthan made a deep study of mnemonics and makes use of them in his CC:
  • The digit 1 is used as a mnemonic for unity, God, world, the first in evolution or time, one dimension or line, and solid state.
  • The digit 2 is used as a mnemonic for two dimensions, plane, conics, form, structure, anatomy, morphology, sources of knowledge, physiography, constitution, and physical anthropology.
  • The digit 3 is used as a mnemonic for three dimensions, space, cubic, analysis, function, physiology, syntax, method, and social anthropology.
  • The digit 4 is used as a mnemonic for heat pathology, disease, transport, interlinking, synthesis, and hybrid, salt.
  • The digit 5 is used as a mnemonic for energy, light, radiation, organic, liquid, water, ocean, foreign land, alien, external, environment, ecology, public controlled plan, emotion, foliage, aesthetic, woman, sex, crime
  • The digit 6 is used as mnemonic dimensions, subtle, mysticism, money, finance, abnormal, phylogeny, and evolution.
  • The digit 7 is used as a mnemonic for personality, ontology, integrated, holism, value, and public finance.
  • The digit 8 is used as a mnemonic for travel, organization, and fitness

 Additional Information

• Mnemonics refers to any technique or method that helps to improve memory retention and recall by making information more meaningful, visual, or associative.
• Seminal Mnemonics is a concept in classification that deals with identifying and relating seminally equivalent concepts, even if they are expressed in different terms or belong to various main classes. 
  This approach allows for a deeper understanding of how seemingly unrelated concepts can be fundamentally connected.
  • To apply Seminal Mnemonics, notational digits are used to represent seminally equivalent concepts, regardless of their specific terminology or disciplinary context.
  • This approach facilitates a more comprehensive and interconnected classification scheme.

The Correct answer is the Analytico-synthetic approach:

Key Points

• Analytico-Synthetic Faceted Classification.
  • A freely faceted classification based on postulates and Classification principles for analysis and synthesis of the subjects, and where there is no rigid, predetermined facet formula for the compound subjects going with a basic subject
  • Ranganathan's Colon Classification, thus, is an excellent example of a Freely Faceted Analytico-Synthetic Classification guided by postulates and principles.

Additional Information

• Colon Classification:​
  • The first edition of CC was published in 1933 with three parts by the Madras Library Association.
  • It was compiled by Dr. Ranganathan.
  • The second edition of Colon Classification was published in 1939 with four parts.
  • Main classes Spiritual Experience and Mysticism were added in 2nd ed. Also, octave principles were added.
  • The third edition of Colon Classification 'appeared in 1950 fourth in 1952, Fifth in 1957, the Sixth in 1960, and the Seventh ed. in 1987.
  • The four major devices used in CC are:
    • Chronological device
    • Geographical device
    • Subject device
    • Alphabetical device
• In CC double inverted comma indicates a Common isolate.
• The asterisk indicates agglomeration and interpolation.​

Important Points

• Analytics-synthetic approach:
  • ​The approach is also known as the analytical or top-down approach, as it involves starting with the overall problem and breaking it down into smaller components.
• The cognitive approach is a psychological perspective that focuses on how people think, perceive, learns, remember, and solve problems.
• The consensus approach is a decision-making method that seeks agreement and cooperation among all parties involved in a particular issue or problem.
• The bibliometric approach is a quantitative research method that uses bibliographic data, such as citations and publication records, to analyze scientific and scholarly communication. 

The correct answer is Greater extension and small intention to smaller extension and greater intention.

Key Points

• Hierarchical Structure of Classification:
  • ​The hierarchical concept is based on the assumption that the process of sub-division must exhibit as much as possible the natural hierarchy of the subject, proceeding from greater extension and small intention to those of smaller extension and greater intention.
  • Bliss says General work is first followed by work on general subjects treated especially, then by works on the special subject treated generally, and lastly by works on special subjects treated specially.

Additional Information Other Principles of Library Classification.

• Subject Approach
  • The subject arrangement of the documents is found suitable for both readers and librarians, but it is also necessary to arrange the books on the basis of thought contents
• Porphyry’s Tree:
  • ​Knowledge is totality, and classification starts from knowledge. It is like a porphyry tree (Greek logic) in which a species is derived from a genus of the discovery of difference, so the genus is shown to divide into two species, one of which possesses the difference and the other does not.
  • This division is known as dichotomous division since only two classes are distinguished.
• Extension and Intention:
  • Classification proceeds from terms of great extension (denotation) and small intention (connotation).
  • Each class is a species of one immediately above it in the hierarchical chain and a genus in relation to the above.
  • This principle is followed at each stage while dividing a class.
• Inductive and Deductive Nature of Classification:
  • ​Classification is an inductive one, which builds broader classes from narrower classes, working from the particular to the general. But in practice, library classifications are usually constructed of the opposite process of division working deductive from the general to specific.
• ​Aristotelian Pattern:
  • Aristotle has given an account of logical classification. This is based on logic.
  • Aristotelian pattern: Division was dichotomous at each step, i.e. each genus was divided into two groups- A and Not A. One processing the characteristics and the other not

The correct answer is 1961:

Key Points

• Abridged Edition:
  • It is the concise version of the UDC having about 2000 classes meaning small libraries. It is also considered an excellent tool for teaching UDC
  • UDC's abridged edition was published in 1961 in over 50 languages.
  • The latest abridged edition of UDC was published in 2003.

Additional Information

• UDC was developed by FID.
• The first English edition of UDC  was published in 1943.
• UDC 3rd edition was published with the name Dezimal Klassification.
• UDC print version consists of two volumes.
• UDC ownership was transferred from FID to UDCC in 1992.