Computer Architecture & Organization MCQ Quiz in தமிழ் - Objective Question with Answer for Computer Architecture & Organization - இலவச PDF ஐப் பதிவிறக்கவும்

The Correct answer is Produce Result:

Key Points

• Output devices:
  • ​A piece of equipment/hardware that gives out the result of the entered input, once it is processed (i.e. converts data from machine language to a human-understandable language), is called an output device
  • ​The primary function of the output unit is to show the output or results of the process to the user.
  • Examples of Output Devices of Computer.
    • ​Monitor. Printers Headphone Speaker etc
• Input devices:
  • in computing, an input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system, such as a computer or information appliance.
  • Examples:
    • keyboards, Mouse, scanners, cameras, joysticks, microphones, etc

Additional Information

•  Arithmetic logic unit 
  • In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers.
• A central processing unit (CPU),
  • It is also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor, which is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program.
  • The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the program. 

The correct answer is Keyboard.

Key PointsInput Device

• A piece of equipment/hardware that helps us enter data into a computer is called an input device.
• The input allows the user to send data.
• Example: Keyboards, mouse, scanners, etc are some of the input devices. 

​Output Device 

• A piece of equipment/hardware that gives out the result of the entered input, once it is processed is called an output device.
• It converts data from machine language to a human-understandable language.
• Example: printer, monitor, etc. 
• Input and Output devices are a major part of the computer.
• They are a type of hardware device that makes up the computer system

Additional InformationGraphic Plotter

• Plotters are used to print graphical output on paper.
• It interprets computer commands and makes line drawings on paper using multicolored automated pens.
• It is capable of producing graphs, drawings, charts, maps, etc.

The Correct answer is ​Printed Circuit Board.

Key Points

• A printed circuit board (PCB) is a structure that assembles and connects electronic components into a unified circuit, enabling the flow of electrical current between them.
• The base of a PCB is typically made from a rigid, nonconductive material, though it can also be made from flexible or a combination of rigid and flexible materials.
• Components like diodes, inductors, and transistors are attached to the PCB, and electrical traces connect these components.

Types of PCB Layers:

• Single-layer PCBs are used in simple devices like home appliances.
• Double-layer PCBs offer greater component density and are used in applications such as automotive dashboards or LED lighting.
• Multilayer PCBs are common in more complex hardware like computer graphics cards and motherboards.

Modern PCBs typically consist of the following four layers:

• Substrate: The core layer, usually a rigid insulating material like FR-4 (a fiberglass/epoxy composite). Flexible substrates, often made from plastic, can bend to fit space requirements and withstand higher temperatures and harsh conditions. Some PCBs combine both rigid and flexible substrates.
• Conductive Layer: Typically made from a thin sheet of copper. Single-sided PCBs have one conductive layer, while double-sided PCBs have two—one on each side of the substrate. Multilayer PCBs alternate between substrate and conductive layers.
• Solder Mask: A nonconductive layer that covers the conductive material, giving PCBs their characteristic green color (though other colors can be used). The solder mask insulates the underlying traces etched in the conductive layer and is also applied to the bottom of single-sided PCBs.
• Silkscreen: The topmost layer, consisting of labels that include numbers, letters, symbols, or other information to indicate the functions of each connection point. This labeling is typically white but can be in other colors as well.

The Correct answer is Program Counter (PC).

Key Points

Program counter:

• A program counter is used to keep track of the execution of the program. It contains the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched.
• The program counter contains the address of the next instruction to be fetched from the main memory when the previous instruction has been successfully completed.
• The program counter also functions to count the member instruction.
• As each instruction gets fetched, the program counter increases its stored value by 1.

Additional Information

Accumulator:

• “Accumulator” is the most frequently used register to store data from memory. It is an indifferent number in the different microprocessors.
• An Accumulator is a register for the short term, intermediate storage of arithmetic and logic data in a computerized CPU.
• Intermediate results of an operation are progressively written to the accumulator, overwriting the previous value.

Memory Address Register:

• The ‘MAR’ (Memory Address Register) is the CPU register that either stores the memory address from which data will be fetched to the CPU or the address to which data will be sent and stored.
• MAR holds the address of the location to be accessed from memory.

Memory Data Register:

• MDR (Memory Data Register) also known as MBR (Memory Buffer Register) is the register in a computer processor, or control processing unit, CPU, that stored the data being transferred to and from the immediate access storage.
• When reading from the memory, data addressed by MAR is fed into the MDR and then used by the CPU. When writing to memory, the CPU writes data from MDR to memory location whose address is stored in MAR.

Confusion Points

• “Instruction Register” is the register that holds the instruction which is currently being executed.
• The difference between stack pointer and the program counter is that the stack pointer is a register that stores the address of the last program largest in a stack while the program counter is a register that stores the address of the next instruction to be executed from the memory.

Key Points

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer memory that is used to store data that is being currently used or processed by the computer.
• It is considered a volatile memory, which means it loses its data when the power supply is turned off.
• RAM provides fast read and write access to a storage medium that is directly accessible by the CPU.
• It allows for quick access to data, enabling the computer to run applications and processes more efficiently.
• Temporary memory nature of RAM means it only holds data temporarily while the computer is on and running.

 Additional Information

• Non-volatile memory
  • Non-volatile memory retains data even when the power is turned off.
  • Examples include ROM, flash memory, and hard drives.
  • This type of memory is used for long-term data storage.
• Initial program storage
  • This function is typically performed by ROM (Read-Only Memory).
  • ROM stores the firmware or bootstrap loader needed to start the computer.
• Interface between software and hardware
  • This role is generally played by the Operating System (OS).
  • The OS manages hardware resources and provides services for application software.

The Correct answer is RAM.

Key Points

• RAM:
  • ​RAM, an often-used computing acronym, stands for random-access memory.
  • It is also referred to as PC memory or simply memory.
  • RAM is a type of volatile memory used by computers to store data that is actively being used or processed. It is volatile, meaning it loses its contents when the power is turned off.
  • RAM is crucial for the smooth operation of a computer, as it allows for quick access to data that the CPU needs for immediate tasks.
  • RAM (Random Access Memory) is classified as primary memory in a computer system. Primary memory, often referred to as main memory, is a type of storage that is directly accessible by the computer's central processing unit (CPU).

Additional Information

• DVD (Digital Versatile Disc):
  • DVDs are optical storage devices used for storing digital data.
    • They are non-volatile, meaning they retain data even when the power is turned off.
    • DVDs are commonly used for distributing software, movies, and other large data files.
• HDD (Hard Disk Drive):
  • ​Hard disk drives use magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information.
  • They are non-volatile, making them suitable for long-term storage.
  • HDDs are commonly found in computers and are used to store the operating system, applications, and user data.
• SSD (Solid State Drive):
  • ​Solid-state drives use NAND-based flash memory for data storage.
  • Similar to HDDs, SSDs are non-volatile and retain data even when powered off.

The Correct answer is ​Speaker.

Key Points

• Mouse, Joystick, and Scanner are input devices. They are used to provide input to a computer system.
• Speaker, on the other hand, is an output device. It is used to produce sound or audio output from the computer.

Additional Information

• Mouse:
  • ​Input Device
  • Function: Used to interact with the graphical user interface (GUI) of a computer.
  • It typically has buttons and a scroll wheel.
• Joystick:
  • Input Device
  • Function: Commonly used for controlling the movement of objects in computer games.
  • It usually consists of a stick that can be tilted or moved in various directions.
• Scanner:
  • ​Input Device
  • Function: Used to convert physical documents or images into digital format.
  • It captures the content of a document or image and creates a digital copy.
• Speaker: 
  • Output Device
  • Function: Produces sound or audio output.
  • Speakers are used to play music, system sounds, and other audio content generated by a computer or other audio-producing devices.

The Correct answer is a CUI-based operating system.

Key Points

• Character User Interface-based operating system (CUI-based operating system):
  • ​This type of operating system requires a user to type the instructions for the computer in a specific format.
  • Then the operating system interprets the commands and generates the corresponding computer instructions.
  • Hence, the user needs to remember the commands to interact with the computer.
  • This type of operating system is also known as a command-line interface (CLI) and it displays data character by character and is only textual in nature.
  • MS-DOS and UNIX are examples of CUI-based operating systems.​

Additional Information

• Graphical User Interface-based operating system (GUI-based operating system):
  • ​The GUI-based operating system uses graphics to make the program easy to use.
  • The GUI has menus, pointers, and icons on the screen. An icon is a picture, that represents applications, and a pointer is a symbol, which is displayed on the monitor.
  • A mouse is used to move the pointer to an icon and one of the mouse buttons is pressed to activate the application associated with that icon.
  • A GUI-based operating system is slower and takes more hard disk space.
  • MS Windows and Linux are examples of this type of operating system
• Single-user operating system:
  • ​This type of operating system can process instructions from only one user at a time.
  • A personal computer is a popular single-user system.
  • UT is a general-purpose system that can execute programs to perform a wide variety of tasks.
  • MS-DOS (disk operating system), and Windows 95 are examples of a single-user operating systems.
• Multi-user operating system:
  • ​Multiuser operating system allows more than one user to work simultaneously on an operating system.
  • It is also capable of running multiple programs concurrently and can share resources, such as printers and disks.
  • It can simultaneously process instruction from multiple users and users work on different computers but a single computer performs their individual tasks simultaneously but independently of each other.
  • Linux is an example of multi-user operating system.

The Correct answer is IPS (In-Plane Switching).

Key Points

• An In-Plane Switching (IPS) monitor is a type of liquid crystal display (LCD) that provides users with improved color accuracy, better image quality, and wider viewing angles compared to other LCD technologies.
• IPS monitors are known for their ability to maintain consistent colors and image clarity even when viewed from extreme angles, making them suitable for tasks that require accurate color representation, such as graphic design, photo editing, and professional video editing.
• These monitors use a technology that arranges and manipulates the liquid crystal molecules in a plane parallel to the monitor's surface, which enables the display to produce more accurate and consistent colors.
• This feature makes IPS monitors highly desirable for tasks that demand precise color reproduction, as they ensure that the colors displayed on the screen closely match the original content.

Additional Information

• TN (Twisted Nematic):
  • ​TN (Twisted Nematic) is a type of LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technology commonly used in computer monitors and televisions.
  • It is known for its fast response times, typically around 1 ms, which makes it well-suited for gaming and other applications that require rapid screen updates.
  • TN panels are also cost-effective to produce, resulting in relatively affordable monitors.
  • However, compared to other display technologies like IPS (In-Plane Switching), TN panels generally offer narrower viewing angles and poorer color reproduction.
• VA (Vertical Alignment):
  • ​VA (Vertical Alignment) is a type of LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panel technology commonly used in monitors and television screens.
  • VA panels provide better color reproduction and contrast ratios compared to TN (Twisted Nematic) panels, resulting in more vibrant and accurate colors.
  • They also offer superior viewing angles compared to TN panels, making them suitable for applications that require a broader range of viewing positions.
  • However, VA panels typically have slower response times compared to TN panels, which can result in motion blur in fast-paced content such as video games or sports.
• OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode):
  • ​OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) is a display technology that utilizes thin organic films to emit light in response to an electric current.
  • These organic compounds emit light when an electric current is passed through them, eliminating the need for a backlight.
  • This results in vibrant colors, high contrast, and deep blacks, making OLED displays popular in various devices, including smartphones, TVs, and other electronic devices.
  • OLED technology offers several advantages, including energy efficiency, thinner and lighter displays, and wide viewing angles.

The Correct answer is Laser printer.

Key Points

• Laser Printer:
  • ​The laser printer functions through the utilization of a laser beam and electrophotographic methods.
  • This electrostatic digital printing process enables the production of crisp text and graphics.
  • By traversing a laser beam over a negatively charged cylinder termed the "drum," a charged image is formed.
  • The drum then selectively attracts electrically charged powdered ink (toner), transferring the image onto paper.
  • The paper is subsequently heated, permanently bonding the text and graphics.
  • Similar to digital photocopiers, laser printers operate using a xerographic printing process.

Additional Information

• Dot-matrix printer:
  • Dot-matrix printing, sometimes called impact matrix printing, is a computer printing process in which ink is applied to a surface using a relatively low-resolution dot matrix for layout.
  • A printer that uses hammers and a ribbon to form images from dots.
  • Used to print multipart forms and address labels, the tractor and sprocket mechanism in these devices handles thicker media better than laser and inkjet printers. 
• Inkjet printers and laser printers are examples of non-impact impact.
• Daisy wheel printer
  • It is an impact printing technology invented in 1970 by Dr Andrew Gabor at Diablo Data Systems.
  • It uses interchangeable pre-formed type elements, each with typically 96 glyphs, to generate high-quality output comparable to premium typewriters such as the IBM Selectric, but two to three times faster.
• inkjet printer:​
  • ​An inkjet printer is a type of computer printer that sprays droplets of ink onto paper to create images and text.
  • It works by propelling tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper.
  • The droplets are released from the print head nozzles in response to the digital signals received by the printer from the computer.
  • This technology is commonly used for both home and office printing because it can produce high-quality prints and is generally more affordable than other types of printers.
• 3D printer:
  • ​A 3D printer is a type of printer that can create three-dimensional objects from digital files.
  • It uses a process known as additive manufacturing to create physical objects layer by layer.
  • The printer reads a digital file that contains the specifications for the object and then proceeds to create the object by adding material layer by layer until the entire object is complete.