Health Programs MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Health Programs - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

 Key Points

• The Mid-Day Meal (MDM) is a scheme by the government of India that aims to provide hot, cooked meals to school children in primary and upper primary classes.
• One of the key objectives of the scheme is to increase school enrolment and attendance by providing an incentive for parents to send their children to school.
• The meals are also designed to address malnutrition among children, which can have a significant impact on their physical and cognitive development.
• By providing children with nutritious meals, the scheme aims to improve their overall health and wellbeing, and promote a culture of education and learning.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

In News -

• ​India has pledged $1 million to the World Anti-Doping Agency’s scientific research budget, the “highest among contributions made by other world governments.”

Important Points

World Anti-Doping Agency

• The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is a foundation initiated by the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate and monitor the fight against drugs in sports.
• The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was established in 1999 as an international independent agency composed and funded equally by the sport movement and governments of the world.
• Government of India is one of the founder member of World Anti Doping Agency (WADA). Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The agency's key activities include scientific research, education, development of anti-doping capacities, and monitoring of the World Anti-Doping Code, whose provisions are enforced by the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport.
• WADA is responsible for the World Anti-Doping Code. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • The World Anti-Doping Code (Code) is the document that harmonizes regulations regarding anti-doping in sport across all sports and all countries of the world.
  • The Code provides a framework for anti-doping policies, rules, and regulations for sport organizations and public authorities.

Additional Information

• Following the creation of the World Anti-Doping Code (Code) in 2004, WADA was tasked with overseeing activities in a number of key areas:
  • Code Compliance Monitoring: Overseeing acceptance, implementation and compliance of the Code, the core document that glues together anti-doping policies, rules and regulations worldwide.
  • Education: Preventative methods such as values-based education programs targeted at young athletes, coaches, doctors, training and parents on the dangers and consequences of doping, as well as the legal and social ramifications, are increasingly prevalent in anti-doping programs.
  • Science and Medicine: Scientific research, publishing the annual List of Prohibited Substances and Methods, and managing laboratory accreditation, Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs) and the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP).
  • Anti doping coordination: Coordinating anti-doping activities globally through the central clearinghouse Anti-Doping Administration & Management System (ADAMS).
  • Athlete Outreach: Through its Regional Anti-Doping Organization (RADO) program, WADA is developing a clean sport culture in parts of the world previously untouched by anti-doping programs.
  • Cooperation with other Law Enforcement: Working closely with government, law enforcement and Anti-Doping Organizations (ADOs) in order to facilitate evidence gathering and information sharing.

Source -

https://www.wada-ama.org/en/what-we-do

https://www.thehindu.com/sport/india-pledges-1-million-to-wada-for-scientific-research/article33355074.ece

School Health Environment is an important aspect of the school health program and it is also called school hygiene. Healthful school living includes a school building, site, and equipment amongst which a child grows and develops. Each school should also serve as the best sanitation for every child. So it requires the best emotional, social, and personal health for students.

Key Points Healthful school living has the aim of optimum efficiency of school hygiene which can be achieved in the school environment. Some features of healthful school living are as follows: 

• Adequate sanitation, safe drinking water, and nutrition education.
• Proper execution of mid-day meal program.
• The location of the school should normally be centrally situated with proper approach roads at a fair distance from the marketplace.
• The classroom and furniture should suit the age group of students.
• Periodical health examination of children. 
• Separate toilets for girls and boys.
• Privacy and safety for girls Keeping school free of violence and any other distraction.
• No corporal punishments.
• Regular practice of yoga, physical education, and health education.
• The first aid room or first aid kit should be maintained.

Thus, it is concluded that the features of healthful school living are proper execution of the mid-day meal program and regular practice of yoga, physical education, and health education.

The correct answer is Nitrogen-79.04%, Oxygen-20.93%, CO2- 0.03%.

Key Points

Composition of air: 

• Nitrogen: 79.04%:
  • Nitrogen form about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere.
  • The human body contains about 3.3% nitrogen by mass.
  • Nitrogen is present in a large amount of protein.
• Oxygen: 20.93%:
  • Constitutes 20.93% of Earth’s atmosphere.
  • Mostly used by human beings to inhale.
  • Oxygen helps organisms to grow and reproduce.
  • It helps the human body to break fats and get energy.
• Carbon dioxide: 0.03%:
  • Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of respiration in animals.
  • Carbon dioxide may affect health when it levels up in the body.
  • It may cause dizziness, restlessness, headache, and fatigue.
• Other gases: 0.94%:
  • Other gases consists of:
    • Argon
    • Carbon monoxide
    • Methane
    • Water vapor
    • Neon

Concept:
School Health Programme:

• Schools play a critical role in helping students establish lifelong healthy behaviours.
• Recognizing the importance of this, school based health promotion activities have been incorporated as a part of the Health and Wellness component of the Ayushman Bharat Programme.
• School Health & Wellness Programme (launched in Feb 2020) is being implemented in government and government aided schools in districts (including aspirational districts).
• Two teachers, preferably one male and one female, in every school, designated as “Health and Wellness Ambassadors” shall be trained to transact with school children, health promotion and disease prevention information on 11 thematic areas in the form of interesting joyful interactive activities for one hour every week.

Explanation:

• School health is a synthesis of nursing practices & public health services is totality to maintain health status of the school-going children.
• Problem affected to them & the health services provided to them to solve their health problem is called school health services.
• School health services are important to detect and treat diseases early in children and adolescents including identification of malnourished and anemic children with appropriate referrals to PHCs and hospitals.
• Aspects Of School Health:-
  • Health appraisal of school  children & personal
  • Remedial measure & follow up
  • Prevention  of communicable diseases
  • Healthful environment
  • Nutritional  services
  • To detect and treat diseases early in children and adolescents.
  • First Aid & emergency care.
  • Mental health
  • Dental Health
  • Eye health 
  • Health education and hygiene,
  • Education of handicapped children
  • Proper use  & maintenance of school health records.

Thus, career counselling is not related to the School Health Programme.

Additional Information: Objectives of school health services:-

• The promotion of positive health
• The prevention of diseases
• Early diagnosis , treatment and follow-up of defects
• Awakening health consciousness in children
• The provision of healthful enviroment

The correct answer is (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Key Points

Assertion: WADA coordinates the doping program at the National and International levels.

• WADA stands for World Anti-Doping Agency.
• Initiated by the international Olympic committee.
• Formation: 10^th November 1999
• Headquarters: Montreal, Canada
• President: Witold Banka.
• WADA is an international organization.

Reason: WADA works to protect athletes from the harmful effects of performance-enhancing drugs and strives to create equal opportunity athletic competition.

• WADA is an organization that protects athletes from the harmful effect of drugs.
• WADA banned various drugs which can affect athletes’ performance unethically.
• It coordinated anti-doping rules and policies across the world.

Hence, (A) is wrong and (R) is correct.

Explanation:

• Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus was nominated by the Executive Board at its 150th session in January 2022, and the proposal was considered by the World Health Assembly in May of that year.
• Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus was re-elected and officially began his second term on 16 August 2022.
• The Executive Board is composed of 34 technically qualified members elected for three-year terms.
• The annual Board meeting is held in January when the members agree upon the agenda for the World Health Assembly and the resolutions to be considered by the Health Assembly.

Additional Information

• George Brock Chisholm CC CBE MC ED was a Canadian psychiatrist, medical practitioner, World War I veteran, and the first director-general of the World Health Organization.
• Dr Margaret Chan is the Director-General of WHO and was first appointed by the World Health Assembly on 9 November 2006. 
• Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh is the Regional Director of the WHO South-East Asia Region. Dr Khetrapal Singh is an Indian national and the first woman to hold the post.

The correct answer is both I and II.

 Key Points

• Sanitation is one of the most important aspects of community well-being because it protects human health, extends life spans, and is documented to provide benefits to the economy.
• Environmental sanitation is the control of all those factors in man′s physical environment, which exercise or may exercise a deleterious effect on his physical development, health, and survival.
• Throwing the garbage in the dustbin and regular checkups of water clotting is the measures of environmental sanitation.

Concept:

Obesity:

• Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat.
• Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern.
• It's a medical problem that increases the risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain cancers.

Explanation:

 Endocrinological effect of obesity:

• Obesity can be associated with several endocrine alterations arising from changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary hormones axes.
• These include hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease, hypogonadism, and growth hormone deficiency.
• Besides its role in energy storage, adipose tissue has many other important functions that can be mediated through hormones or substances synthesized and released by adipocytes, including leptin and adiponectin.
• Further, obesity is also a common feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome with hyperinsulinemia being the primary etiological factor.

Thus, polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the endocrinological effects of obesity.

Additional Information:

• Carpal tunnel syndrome: While being overweight may not be the direct cause of your carpal tunnel syndrome, complications from obesity or excess weight can certainly contribute to the condition and/or cause worsening symptoms.
• Social stigmatization: Social stigma is the disapproval of, or discrimination against, an individual or group based on perceived characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of society.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): It occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your esophagus. Many people experience acid reflux from time to time.

Orientation or induction is the process of introducing new employees to an organization, to their specific jobs and departments, and in some instances, to their community. 

Key Points Procedural points that should be covered through staff orientation in the school or college sports program are:

• Staff compensation benefits and personnel policies.
•  Work schedules and training opportunities.
•  Safety measures and regulations.
•  Financial, Healthcare, Travel, and Public relations.
• Personnel records can also be used in evaluating the orientation program’s effectiveness.
• To acquaint new employees with company goals, history, policies, and physical layouts.
• To present the basic information the employee wants to know: rules and regulations, benefits, payday, procedures, and general practices.
• To encourage the new employee to have an inquiring mind, show him how to learn, and assist him toward a disciplined effort in developing additional knowledge. 

Thus, it is concluded that Financial, Healthcare, Travel, and Public relations are the procedural points that should be covered through staff orientation in the school or college sports program.