Bridge Engineering MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Bridge Engineering - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Explanation:

Clearance:

• A water clearance (horizontal) is the minimum distance between the specified position on a bridge.

Additional InformationBearings:

• These are the supports provided to the super structures of the bridge at the abutment and piers allowing for longitudinal angular movement to the main girders of the bridges.

Linear waterway:

• It is the length that is available in the bridge between extreme edge of a water surface at the highest flood level time measured at right angle to the abutment faces.

Highest flood level (H.F.L):

• It is the level of the highest flood ever recorded of a river or stream.

Low water level (L.W.L):

• It is the minimum water level of the river or stream in dry weathers.

Ordinary flood level(O.F.L):

• It is the flood level that normally occurs in the river or stream every year.

Afflux:

• It is the rise in the level of the river water level caused due to the obstruction by the bridge. 

Explanation:

Suspension bridge:

• A suspension bridge is a type of bridge that is constructed using two or more hanging cables in a curved shape, known as the main cables or suspension cables. These cables are anchored to supporting towers or structures and are responsible for carrying the load of the bridge deck or roadway.

Additional Information

Flying bridge:

• A flying bridge typically refers to a type of bridge used in marine vessels or ships.
• It is an elevated structure that provides a higher vantage point for navigation and control.

Floating bridge:

• A floating bridge is a type of bridge that is supported by floating pontoons or other buoyant devices.
• It is typically used to create a temporary or movable bridge across bodies of water.

Boat bridge:

• A boat bridge, also known as a pontoon bridge, is a type of bridge that consists of a series of connected boats or floating pontoons.
• It is used to provide a temporary crossing over a body of water.

Explanation:

An ideal site for a bridge across a river should have following characteristics:

1. At bridge site the reach of the stream should be straight.
2. The site should be geologically sound i.e. it should be away from fault zone, and should have unyielding, non-erodible foundation for abutments and piers.
3. At the site, the stream should be narrow with well defined and firm banks.
4. At site the river flow should be without whirls and cross currents.
5. At the site the should be suitable high banks above high flood level on each side.
6. The approaches should be economical. They should not be very high or long or liable to flank attacks of the river during floods. They should be free from obstacles such as hills, frequent drainage crossings, built-up areas, sacred areas as grave yards, or trouble some land acquisition etc.
7. The site should be at reasonable proximity to a direct alignment of the road to be connected.
8. There should be no sharp curves in the approaches,
9. Absence of costly river training works, where they are unavoidable they should be executed in dry as far as possible.
10. Avoidance of excessive underwater construction work.
11. If it is unavoidable and necessary for the approaches of the bridge to cross the spill zone of a river, they should (while proceeding through the spill zone towards the river,) face downstream and not up stream. facing upstream will cause heading up, pocket formation, and danger to the approaches.

Explanation:

Splayed wing wall:

• When wing walls are given inclination in plan.
• They are known as the splayed wing walls.
• The wing walls may also be curved, instead of being played.
• The splay or inclination is usually 45^o and such types of wing walls offer the following three advantages.

Additional InformationFollowing are the three types of wing walls:

• Straight wing wall
• Splayed wing wall
• Return wind wall

Explanation:

• Sling bridge is a type of suspension bridge where the deck (roadway or walkway) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders.

• Ramp bridge is not related to suspension bridges and typically refers to an inclined bridge used to provide access over obstacles.

Additional Information

Depending upon the shape of the arch, the masonry arches of bridges can be classified as

1. Semicircular arch
2. Segmental bridge
3. Elliptical arches

Explanation:

In bridge engineering, alignment refers to the orientation of the bridge in relation to the direction of the road or waterway it crosses. Based on alignment, bridges are commonly classified into two types:

1. Normal (or Straight) Bridge: This type of bridge is aligned at a 90-degree angle to the direction of flow, ensuring straightforward design and structural simplicity.

2. Skew Bridge: This bridge is aligned at an angle other than 90 degrees to the direction of flow, often necessary due to site constraints or alignment of the approaching roads. Skew bridges require more complex design considerations due to the angle of crossing.

Explanation:

Alignment on curve in hilly areas, it is not possible to avoid the alignment of bridge on a curve. In such cases, it is necessary to adopt R.C.C. or steel girders for the superstructure and it should be seen that the axis of each pier is nearly parallel to the centre line of river.

Additional InformationBridge Alignment

• After the site of bridge is decided, the next step is to set out or align the centre - line of bridge.

The following aspects or the bridge alignment should be carefully studied:

1. Alignment on curve
2. Control of highest flood level
3. Effects of silting and scouring
4. Layout of approaches
5. River training works

Explanation:

Free board is marked as 'X'.

1. Abutment , 2. Pier, 3. Foundation, 4. Wing wall, 5. Approach, 6. Span, 7. Apron, 8. Railing, 9. Bearing, 10. Clearance, 11. Linear waterway, 12. Free board, 13. Highest flood level, 14. Low water level

Explanation:

Steel girder bridge:

• Grinder bridges are mostly used for railway bridges of small spans.
• The girders used for bridges may be plate girders open, web or box girders.
• The main girders are braced together to prevent lateral buckling or side movements.
• Wooden sleepers are directly laid on the main girders over which the rails are laid so that the load is directly transmitted.
• Depending upon the span and the load of the traffic, the girder may be of rolled steel joists, plate girder or box girder.

Additional InformationSteel bridge:

• The bridges which are constructed in steel are called steel bridges.
• These have a long life.

The following are the common types of steel bridges:

1. Steel trough plate bridge
2. Steel girder bridge
3. Steel truss bridge
4. Suspension bridge

Explanation:

Viaduct:

• It is a bridge composed of several small spans for crossing a valley.

Additional InformationClassification based on the function or purpose:

1. Highway bridge.
2. Railway bridge.
3. Foot bridge.
4. Viaduct.
5. Aqueduct.
6. Highway & railway combined bridge.

Depending upon the shape of the arch, the masonry arches of bridges can be classified as

1. Semicircular arch
2. Segmental bridge
3. Elliptical arches