Internet & Internet Protocols MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Internet & Internet Protocols - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is (a), (c), and (d) are correct

Key Points

• A URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator, serves as a distinctive identifier for locating resources on the Internet, commonly known as a web address.
• Comprising various components such as a protocol and domain name, a URL guides a web browser on how and where to fetch a particular resource.
• A URL, comprises several elements:
  • Protocol: The protocol (https) signifies the method for accessing the internet resource. Various protocols include http, https, ftps, mailto, and file.
  • Host Name or Domain Name: The host name or domain name uniquely identifies the webpage.
  • Port: The port (usually not visible) follows a colon, with port 80 being the default for web servers.
  • Path: The path (search/query) denotes the file or location on the web server.
  • Query: The query (?q=URL) appears in dynamic page URLs, containing parameters separated by ampersands (&).
  • Parameters: Parameters (q=URL) are pieces of information in a query string. 
  • Fragment: The fragment (#history) is an internal page reference pointing to a specific section within the webpage.

The Correct answer is Light fidelity 

Key Points

• Li-Fi:
  •  Li-Fi commonly stands for Light Fidelity.
  • It is a wireless technology that transmits high-speed data using visible light communication (VLC) as a medium of transmission.
  • It is capable of transmitting data at high speeds over visible light, ultraviolet, and infrared spectrums, and it can achieve communication over longer distances compared to traditional Wi-Fi in certain scenarios.
  • The technology makes a LED light bulb emit pulses of light that are undetectable to the human eye and within those emitted pulses, data can travel to and from receivers.
  • It multiplies the speed and bandwidth of wifi, 3G, and 4G. It means it is faster than Wi-Fi.
  • Professor Harold Haas, a researcher at the University of Edinburgh, is widely credited with coining the term "Li-Fi" and pioneering the development of this technology. He introduced the concept of using visible light for wireless data communication and demonstrated its feasibility in various research projects.
  •  Li-Fi technology is designed to work efficiently in high data-density environments. In fact, one of the advantages of Li-Fi is its ability to handle high data rates and dense device connectivity. 

The Correct answer is (a), (c), and (d) are correct

Key Points

• A URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator, serves as a distinctive identifier for locating resources on the Internet, commonly known as a web address.
• Comprising various components such as a protocol and domain name, a URL guides a web browser on how and where to fetch a particular resource.
• A URL, comprises several elements:
  • Protocol: The protocol (https) signifies the method for accessing the internet resource. Various protocols include http, https, ftps, mailto, and file.
  • Host Name or Domain Name: The host name or domain name uniquely identifies the webpage.
  • Port: The port (usually not visible) follows a colon, with port 80 being the default for web servers.
  • Path: The path (search/query) denotes the file or location on the web server.
  • Query: The query (?q=URL) appears in dynamic page URLs, containing parameters separated by ampersands (&).
  • Parameters: Parameters (q=URL) are pieces of information in a query string. 
  • Fragment: The fragment (#history) is an internal page reference pointing to a specific section within the webpage.

The Correct answer is Authoritative Name Server.

 Key Points

• Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed database system that converts human-friendly domain names (like www.google.com) into machine-friendly IP addresses (like 142.250.190.14), enabling computers to locate and communicate over the Internet.
• The authoritative name server holds the definitive DNS records for a domain and provides the actual IP address when queried. Root and TLD servers help route the request, but only the authoritative server knows the final answer.

How DNS Works:

• When a user enters a website URL, the system first checks the local cache (browser, OS, router) for a stored IP address.
• If not found, the query goes to a DNS resolver.
• The resolver may check host files, but typically proceeds to the Root DNS server.
• The Root server points to the relevant Top-Level Domain (TLD) server (e.g., .org).
• The TLD server directs the query to the authoritative name server for the specific domain.
• The authoritative server returns the correct IP address to the resolver.
• The resolver then delivers the IP to the user’s computer, allowing connection to the website’s host server.

Key Components:

• DNS Records: Store mappings between domain names and IP addresses, along with metadata like Time to Live (TTL).
• Namespace: Defines the set of valid domain names; structured hierarchically.
• Name Server: Executes the name resolution process and provides the requested IP addresses.

The Correct answer is A and B

Key Points

• A URI can be either a URL or a URN.” True.
  • A URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) is the umbrella term.
  • A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) tells you how and where to access a resource (e.g., https://example.com).
  • A URN (Uniform Resource Name) names a resource without specifying its location (e.g., urn:isbn:9780131103627).
• “Every URL is a URI, but not every URI is a URL.” ​True.
  • Since URLs and URNs both fall under the URI definition, all URLs are URIs, but URIs also include URNs (which are not URLs).
• “A URN specifies the protocol and location of a resource.” False.
  • URNs only provide a persistent name—they do not include protocol (like http) or network location information.
• “The fragment component of a URI is sent to the server as part of the request.” False.
  • ​The fragment (the part after #) is handled entirely by the client (e.g., the browser) to navigate within the retrieved resource; it is not transmitted in the HTTP request to the server.

Additional Information

• A URI is a string of characters that uniquely identifies a resource—logical or physical—often on the Web. It enables protocols to locate and interact with resources like documents, images, or services.

URI Components:

The correct answer is the Internet Engineering Task Force.

Key Points

•  IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion.
• An IPv6 address has a size of 128 bits.
• Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet.
• Pv6 is intended to replace IPv4.
• 1 Bytes is equal to 8 bit.​

Additional Information

• IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) uses a 32-bit addressing scheme.
• This means that IPv4 addresses are composed of 32 binary bits, which are typically represented as four sets of decimal numbers separated by periods (e.g., 192.168.0.1).
• Each decimal number in the address represents an 8-bit segment, also known as an octet, resulting in a total of four octets in an IPv4 address.

The correct answer is 128:

Key Points

• IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6):
  • ​IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a set of specifications from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that is essentially an upgrade of IP version 4 (IPv4), a category of IP addresses in IPv4-based routing.
  • IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long (16 bytes), including 64 bits for the network number and 64 bits for the host number.
  • The specification (RFC8200) for IPv6 was published in 2017.​

Additional Information

• Internet Protocol (IP):
  • ​The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol, or set of rules, for routing and addressing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive at the correct destination.
  • IPv4:The fourth version of IP (IPv4 for short) was introduced in 1983.
    • ​IPv4 uses a 32-bit address space​
• IP address:
  • ​An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to a device or domain that connects to the Internet.

The Correct answer is 1960.

Key Points

• Ted Nelson founded Project Xanadu in 1960 with the vision of creating a user-friendly computer network. 
• Project Xanadu was the first Hypertext Project.
• In an article titled "The Curse of Xanadu" Wired magazine referred to Project Xanadu as one of the longest-running stories of unrealized software in the computer industry's history. 
• , in 2014, a version known as OpenXanadu, described as a functional deliverable, became available.
• In the year 2007, Project Xanadu introduced XanaduSpace 1.0.

The correct answer is Carnegie Mellon University.

Key Points

• Lycos, originally a research project by Michael Loren Mauldin at Carnegie Mellon University, transitioned into Lycos Inc. in 1994 with $2 million in venture capital from CMGI. 
• In April 1996, Lycos achieved the fastest NASDAQ IPO in history, reaching a $300 million market value on its first day.
• Lycos introduced email services in October 1997 and turned profitable that same year. In 1998, it acquired Tripod.com for $58 million to enter the portal market.
• Due to the dot-com bubble burst, Lycos made a strategic shift in late 2001 by discontinuing its own search crawler and instead began utilizing FAST for its search functionality.
• In May 2018, Lycos Internet underwent a name change and was rebranded as Brightcom Group.​

Additional Information

Other search engines

• Yahoo! Inc.
  • ​Yahoo was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994, and incorporated on March 2, 1995. 
  • Yahoo provides cartographic and geographic services through GeoPlanet.
  • Yahoo Next is an incubator for testing future Yahoo technologies, where Yahoo users can provide feedback to aid in their development.
• HotBot:
  • HotBot, a Canadian web search engine, is now owned by HotBot Limited, led by Kristen Richardson.
  • Initially launched in 1996 by Wired magazine in North America, it was a popular search engine in the 1990s.
• ​Google:
  • ​Google was founded on September 4, 1998, by computer scientists Larry Page and Sergey Brin during their PhD studies at Stanford University in California.
  • In 2007, Google launched "AdSense for Mobile" to tap into the growing mobile advertising market.
• Scirus:
  • ​Scirus, launched in 2001, was a science-specific search engine, similar to CiteSeerX and Google Scholar. 
  • Owned by Elsevier, Scirus announced its retirement in 2013, which took effect in early 2014. The service was no longer operational by February 2014.
• Microsoft Bing:
  • ​Microsoft Bing, commonly known as Bing, is a web search engine owned and operated by Microsoft.
  • Bing was introduced by Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer on May 28, 2009, and officially launched on June 3, 2009. 

The  Correct answer is ​(A) and (B) Only.

Key Points

• When the sender and the receiver of an email are on different systems, we need two User Agents (UAs) and two Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs) to send the message over the internet.
• The email needs to pass through multiple components before it reaches the recipient’s system, including UAs and MTAs.
• The sender’s UA is used to compose and send the email, and the recipient’s UA is used to receive and read the email.
• The first pair of MTAs is used to transmit the email from the sender’s system to the recipient’s system, and the second pair of MTAs is used to transmit the email from the recipient’s system back to the sender’s system.
• The sender’s MTA sends the email to the recipient’s MTA, which then delivers the email to the recipient’s UA

The Correct answer is Kevin Ashton.

Key Points​

• Internet of Things-
  • ​The term IoT, or Internet of Things, refers to the collective network of connected devices and the technology that facilitates communication between devices and the cloud, as well as between the devices themselves.
  • The term "Internet of Things" was coined independently by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later of MIT's Auto-ID Center, in 1999.
  • Kevin Ashton, the originator of the term "Internet of Things," saw Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) as a crucial component of the IoT, particularly for inventory tracking. 
  • He believed that by tagging all devices, computers could effectively manage, track, and inventory them.
  • In the early 2000s, Walmart and the US Department of Defense were pioneers in adopting Ashton's approach by using RFID and IoT for inventory tracking.

Confusion Points 

• Library Thing-
  • LibraryThing is a social cataloging web application for storing and sharing book catalogs and various types of book metadata used by authors, individuals, libraries, and publishers.
  • The catalog would be available online and can be accessed over the Web and even on mobile phones.
• Features of Library Thing-
  • It provides the facility to import catalogs from other sources if the document is already cataloged online e.g. by the Library of Congress or Amazon.
  • It enables you to create your own library with a number of collections.

The correct answer is "HTTP".

Key Points

• HTTP-
  • It stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
  • The protocol is used for communication between the web browser client and the server.
  • For secure applications, Secure Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) is used.
  • HTTP is used universally to access web services all over the Internet.
• FTP-
  • It stands for File Transfer Protocol.
  • It is a standard communication protocol used for transferring computer files from a server to a client on a computer network.
  • It is based on client-server model architecture.
  • The first FTP client applications were command-line programs.
• IP-
  • It stands for Internet Protocol.
  • It is the network layer communication protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagram across boundaries.
  • It delivers packets from the source host to the destination host based on the IP address in the packet headers.
  • It was introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1974.
  • It was the connectionless datagram service in the original Transmission Control Program.
• HTML-
  • It stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
  • It is the standard Markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.
  • HTML defines how documents are to be formatted.
• ​HyperLink-
  • ​A Hyperlink is a digital reference to data that points to a whole document or to a specific element within a document.
  • A hyperlink can be in the form of a Text hyperlink, Image hyperlink, Bookmark hyperlink, and E-mail hyperlink.

Key Points

• FaaS, or Function-as-a-Service, is a cloud computing service that enables customers to execute code in response to events, eliminating the need for them to handle the intricate infrastructure traditionally linked with creating and deploying microservices applications.
• FaaS is an event-driven model that operates within stateless containers. These functions handle server-side logic and state-using services provided by a FaaS provider.
• Notable FaaS examples include:
  • IBM Cloud Functions
  • AWS Lambda by Amazon
  • Google Cloud Functions
  • Microsoft Azure Functions (open-source)
  • OpenFaaS (open-source)

Additional Information

• Software as a Service (SaaS)-
  • It is a software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is hosted centrally.
  • It is also known as "on-demand software" and Web-based/Web-hosted software.
  • It includes services such as - Google Doc, GoogleApps, OpenID, Adobe
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)-
  • It is a category of cloud computing services that allow customers to instantiate, run, and manage a modular bundle comprising a computing platform and one or more applications.
  • It removes the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure typically associated with developing and launching the application(s)
  • It allows developers to create, develop, and package such software bundles.
  • It includes Cloud Services such as - LibLime, OSSLab, N-LARN project in India, Polaris, and Exlibris.
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)-
  • ​It is a cloud computing service model by means of which computing resources are supplied by a cloud services provider.
  • This service enables users to free themselves from maintaining an on-premise data center.
  • IaaS involves the use of a cloud orchestration technology like OpenStack, Apache CloudStack, or OpenNebula. 
  • It includes services such as - Amason Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Amazon Simple Storage Solution (S3), and Dropbox Cloud storage.

The correct answer is Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Explanation;

• Statement I: Yahoo can explore more count of websites while searching a query than Metacrawler.
  • ​Statement I, which claims that Yahoo can explore more websites than Metacrawler when searching, is not necessarily correct.
  • The number of websites explored by a search engine like Yahoo or Metacrawler can vary and depends on various factors such as the search engine's index, algorithms, and other considerations.
  • Therefore, it's not accurate to make a definitive statement about one searching more websites than the other.
• Statement II: Metacrawler is a Metasearch engine.
  • ​Statement II is indeed correct. Metacrawler is a Metasearch engine. Metasearch engines gather results from multiple other search engines and present them to the user, providing a consolidated set of results.

Additional Information

• Yahoo! Inc.
  • ​Yahoo was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994, and incorporated on March 2, 1995. 
  • Yahoo provides cartographic and geographic services through GeoPlanet.
  • Yahoo Next is an incubator for testing future Yahoo technologies, where Yahoo users can provide feedback to aid in their development.
  • Yahoo Search BOSS enables developers to create search applications using Yahoo's technology. Early program partners include Hakia, Me.dium, Delver, Daylife, and Yebol.
• Metacrawler.
  • ​MetaCrawler is a registered trademark of InfoSpace and was created by Erik Selberg.
  • Originally developed in 1994 at the University of Washington by graduate student Erik Selberg and Professor Oren Etzioni.
  • It combines search results from various search engines.
  • Originally developed for research purposes, it became a useful service on its own.

The correct answer is ICMP.

Key Points

• The ping command operates within an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
  • ​Ping (Packet InterNet Groper) is a utility that sends a signal to another computer over a network and then receives a reply from the computer that was pinged and sends it back to the first computer.
  • With the ping command,one can quickly determine whether a machine has internet access and can communicate with other computers or network devices. 
• ICMP is a fundamental component of any IP network.
  • It is used for error handling in the network layer.
  • It is primarily used on network devices such as routers.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

• It is a communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of messages between computing devices in a network.
• In a network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP), it is sometimes referred to as UDP/IP.
• UDP enables process-to-process communication.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

• The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol.
• It lies between the Application and Network Layers which are used in providing reliable delivery services.
• It is a connection-oriented protocol for communications that helps in the exchange of messages between different devices over a network. 
• TCP supports host-to-host communication.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

• The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address.
• It dynamically translates Internet addresses into the unique hardware addresses on local area networks.