Building Component MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Building Component - Download Free PDF

Concept:

The different types of doors are as follows:

For wire gauge doors:

In these doors wires are gauged into the frame of the doors to make a mesh of wires which provide free air circulation through the doors but prevents flies, mosquitos and insects from entering inside, there is no privacy.

For Louvered doors:

These are used when privacy with natural ventilation and quietness for rest is desired, as they has a fixed or movable wooden louvers which permit open ventilation while preserving the privacy. These are mostly used in bathroom, water closets, in residential and public buildings where good ventilation is desired.

Partly panelled and partly glazed doors:

These doors are divided into several parts and some of the parts are glazed by laminated glass or any other glazing materials. These kind of doors cannot provide air circulation but sunlight can enter and privacy in dependent upon the glazing materials.

Flush doors:

These are simple door designs that have plain facings on both sides.  Flush doors may have a solid, hollow or stave core. They preserve full privacy but no air circulation and sunlight can be allowed.

∴ Louvered doors can allow air circulation and privacy, even when it is closed.

Explanation:

Building Bye Laws are the legal regulations framed by municipal authorities or local governing bodies to control and guide the development and construction of buildings within their jurisdiction.

Key Features of Building Bye Laws:

• They ensure safety, health, comfort, and hygiene of building occupants.

• Include rules for setbacks, floor area ratio (FAR), height restrictions, fire safety, lighting, ventilation, and more.

• Help in planned urban development, avoiding overcrowding and ensuring infrastructural balance.

 Additional Information

1) Construction Ordinances: Not a standard term in Indian or general municipal practice; ordinances are broader legal instruments issued by governments.

3) Codes of Practice: These are technical guidelines, often issued by standard-setting bodies (like BIS), for construction methods, materials, or safety — but they are not enforceable legal rules under local jurisdiction.

3) Gazetted Rules: These are government-issued regulations published in the official Gazette. They may relate to broader policy or law, not specifically municipal construction controls.

Explanation:

Aluminium Sheet Roofing

• Aluminium sheets are thin, lightweight, and corrosion-resistant, making them ideal for lightweight roofing systems.

• They are easy to install, reduce the dead load on the structure, and are suitable for industrial sheds, temporary structures, and rural housing.

• Being reflective, they help in heat insulation, although additional insulation may be needed in hot climates.

 Additional Information

Slate Tile Roofing

• Slate tiles are made from natural metamorphic rock and are dense and heavy, offering high durability and aesthetic value.

• They are resistant to weathering and fire, commonly used in traditional or heritage structures.

• Due to their weight, strong support structures are required, and they are not classified as lightweight roofing.

Flat Clay Tile Roofing

• Flat clay tiles are ceramic products that are molded and fired to create durable roofing units.

• They are moderately heavy, provide thermal insulation, and are commonly seen in vernacular and traditional architecture.

• While they are lighter than slate, they are still heavier than metal sheets and are not considered lightweight roofing.

Madras Terrace Roofing

• Madras terrace roofing is a traditional layered roofing system made using brick, lime concrete, tiles, and waterproof layers.

• It is highly durable and thermally efficient but very heavy, requiring strong beams and load-bearing walls.

• This is not lightweight roofing and is more suitable for permanent, load-bearing constructions.

Explanation:

• When plastering a new surface, it is important to wash it with water and keep it damp before applying plaster.

• This process ensures optimum suction, which means the surface absorbs just the right amount of water from the plaster.

• If the surface is too dry, it will absorb water rapidly, causing the plaster to dry prematurely, leading to poor adhesion, cracking, or weak bond.

• If the surface is too wet, plaster may not adhere properly or may sag.

 Additional Information

• Pointing is the process of applying mortar to the exposed joints of masonry to improve both appearance and durability.

• It is commonly done on brick or stone walls where the joints are visible and require finishing or repair.

• The primary goal is to seal joints against water penetration and to enhance the wall's aesthetic appeal.

• Flush Pointing: Mortar is pressed flush with the surface of the masonry and neatly finished. It is durable and offers minimal water entry points.

• Recessed Pointing: The mortar is pressed inside the joint, creating a groove. It's often used for modern buildings due to its clean look.

• Weathered Pointing: The mortar joint is sloped to shed water, protecting it from rain ingress.

Explanation:

Bay windows 

• Bay windows project outside the external walls of a room.
• This projection may be triangular, circular, rectangular or polygonal in plan. Such a window is provided to get an increased area of opening for admitting more light and air.

Additional Information

Double Hung Pivoted Window 

• This type of window consists of a pair of shutters arranged one above the other which can slide vertically within the grooves provided in the frame.
• A pair of metal weights connected by a chain passing over pulleys is provided for each shutter. By this arrangement, the window can be opened at the top or bottom to the desired extent by pulling the metal weight suitably.
• Thus in this type of window, it is possible to have controlled ventilation. In addition, the shutter can also be cleaned easily.

Casement window

• Windows, where shutters open like doors, are called casement windows.
• The window has a frame which is rebated to receive the shutters.
• The shutters consist of style, top rail, bottom rail and intermediate rail, thus dividing it into panels. 

Clerestorey Window

• These windows are provided near the top of the main roof. The pivoted windows are used for this purpose.
• The clerestorey windows provide ventilation to the inside of the room where the front is blocked by veranda and improved the appearance of the building.

Mansard Roof/French Roof: Slope in all four directions with break on each slope.

Gambrel Roof- Slope on two directions but there is break in slope.

Gabel Roof- Slope in two directions with no break.

Hip Roof- Slope in all four directions with no break.

Shed Roof- Slope in only one direction.

Mat roof- No slope in any direction i.e. flat roof.

Deck roof- Slope in all directions but has plane or flat surface on top.

Door frame:

The door frame consists of an assembly of horizontal and vertical members that are placed at the top, bottom, and sides of an opening to form an enclosure providing support for a door. Generally, the door frame is made of wood.

Following are the members of door frame

1) Head of Door Frame

The head is the top horizontal member of the frame.

2) The sill of Door Frame

The sill is the bottom horizontal member of the frame which may or may not be provided. The main reason for providing the sill frame is that the floor acts as a sill itself

3) Horn of Door Frame

It is a horizontal projection of the top and bottom members of the frame to enable the fixing of the frame in the wall opening.

4) Jamb of Door Frame

The door jamb is the vertical wall face of a door opening that supports the door frame. In the door frame, the jamb is the vertical portion of the door frame in which a door is secured. If you want to open and lock your door properly, door jamb is important.

5) Holdfasts of a door frame

These are the mild steel flat bars that are used to hold the frame in the position. These bars are generally bent into Z-shape and fixed on one end to the frame and the other end is inserted in the wall.

6) Rebate of a door frame

It is a depression made all around the door frame, on one side of which, the door shutter is fixed by the means of hinges.

7) A threshold of a door frame

It is the cross wooden piece fixed to door under a door frame which forms the sill and may be provided if required.

8) The transom of a door frame

It is a horizontal member of a frame, which is provided to sub-divide a door opening horizontally.

9) Mullion of a door frame

It is a vertical member of the frame, which is provided to sub-divide a door vertically.

Types and components of trusses:

Explanation:

The following are parts of Scaffolding:

1. Standards: The vertical members of the framework are called standards.
2. Ledgers: These are horizontal members which are parallel to the wall.
3. Braces: Diagonal members fixed on standards are called braces.
4. Putlogs: These are horizontal members which are perpendicular to the walls. One end of the putlog is supported by the wall and the other by the ledger.
5. Transoms: If both ends of putlogs are supported on ledgers, then they are called transoms.
6. Bridle: It is a member used to bridge an opening in a wall, which supports one end of the putlog at the opening.
7. Boarding: The planks on which workers stand.
8. Toe board: These boards are placed parallel to the boarding near the wall, to provide protection to the workers.
9. Guard rail: It is a railing provided at the height of 0.8 - 1.0 m from the working platform.
10. Base plate or sole plate: These are the plates on the ground supporting the standards for distributing the load on the ground.

figure: Scaffolding

Explanation:

Institutional buildings:

• These types of buildings are used for the purpose of activities related to health, medical, recovering health from injuries or illness, care of old people and infants etc.
• Generally, these types of buildings provide sleeping facility for the occupants.
• These comes under Group - C category.

Additional Information

As per NBC buildings are classified as follows:

• Group A - residential buildings
• Group B - educational buildings
• Group C - Institutional 
• Group D - Assembly
• Group E - business
• Group F - Mercantine
• Group G - Industrial 
• Group H - storage
• Group J - Hazardous

Explanation:

Staircase:

• Stairs are a set of steps that give access from floor to floor.
• The room or enclosure of the building, in which stair is located is known as the staircase.
• A staircase provides access & communication between floors in multi-story buildings.

The following are the components of the staircase

Concept:

Parts of a door:

1. Jamb: These are the vertical components on each side of a door to which the doors get fastened to the frame with the help of screws or nails.
2. Sill: Sill is the bottom component of a door frame. It the part of the door that gets sealed and fastened to the floor.
3. Threshold: The wooden plank or slab of concrete or stone usually provided at the bottom of an entrance door is called the threshold.
4. Casing: Casing trim is designed to hide the gaps between a window or door frame and the surface of the interior wall.
5. Frame: Side jambs, head jambs, and mulls are the parts that make up the frame.
6. Mull: The line between the two pieces of a door or window is called mull (or mullion).

Additional Information

• Cornice: It is the decorated portion provided at top of the wall to protect the wall face.
• Reveal: The outer side of the door frame is called the reveal.

Explanation:

• The door shutters are a movable barrier consisting of a paneled assembly or otherwise which fits into the frame.
• It is the openable part of the door. They are an assembly of styles, panel, and rail.
• It is used to open or close the way to go inside or outside of a house or room.

Hold fast:

• Hold fast is a member that projects from the body of the door or window frame which holds the window or door frame in walls. Holdfasts are useful when the window and door frames are installed in place at the time of brickwork or blockwork, as those holdfasts need to be anchored in the wall.

Door frame:

• The door frame is the entire framework supporting the door, including the sill, jamb, and head. This is also known as a door sash. Door frames can be made of wood or aluminum, and are made to blend seamlessly with your home.

Rawlplug:

• A wall plug also is known as an anchor or "Rawlplug" is a fiber or plastic (originally wood) insert used to enable the attachment of a screw in the material that is porous or brittle or that would otherwise not support the weight of the object attached with the screw.

Important Points

Concept:

a) Shed roof: It is also referred to as a skillion. It is a single, sloping roof, usually attached to a taller wall.

b) Gable end roof: It is also known as pitched or peaked roof and is recognized by triangular shape.

c) Hipped roof: It has slopes on all four sides. The sides are all equal length and come together at the top to form a ridge.

d) Gambrel roof: It is also known as a barn roof. It is similar to mansard, the difference between the two is that the Gambrel only has two sides, while the mansard has four.

The lower side of the Gambrel roof has an almost vertical, steep slope, while the upper slope is much lower.

Different Types of roofs is depicted in the diagram below:

Explanation:

The soffit is the underside of stair.

Important Points

Headroom:

It is the minimum clear vertical distance between the trade and overhead structure.

Scotia:

It is moulding provided under the nosing to improve the elevation of the step and also provide strength to the nosing.

Newel Post:

It is vertical member which is placed at the end of flights to connects the end of string and hand rail.

Balustrade: 

It consist of a row of balustrade surrounded by a hand rail, to provide protection for the user of stair.