Which of the following is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity?

The correct answer is Gene.

Key Points

• A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, responsible for carrying genetic information.
• Genes are made up of DNA and provide instructions for building proteins, which perform essential functions in the body.
• Each gene resides at a specific location on a chromosome known as a locus.
• Humans have approximately 20,000-25,000 genes that determine various traits and biological processes.
• Genes are inherited from parents and play a key role in determining physical and behavioral traits.

Additional Information

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): The molecule that stores genetic information in living organisms. It is composed of nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine).
• Chromosomes: Structures within cells that contain tightly packed DNA. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
• Proteins: Molecules synthesized based on genetic instructions that perform a wide range of functions, such as building tissue and regulating cellular processes.
• Mutations: Changes in the DNA sequence of a gene that can lead to variations in traits or diseases.
• Genetics: The scientific study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.