Which of the following is a paramagnetic material?

The correct answer is option 1.

Classification of magnetic material

1.) Paramagnetic material

• Paramagnetic materials are materials that tend to get weakly magnetized in the direction of the magnetizing field when placed in a magnetic field.
• Paramagnetic materials have a permanent dipole moment or permanent magnetic moment.
• However, if we remove the applied field the materials tend to lose their magnetism. This is because thermal motion randomizes the spin orientations of the electrons.
• Tungsten, Caesium, Aluminium, Lithium, Magnesium, and sodium are a few examples of paramagnetic substances.

2.) Diamagnetic material

• ​Diamagnetic materials are those materials that are freely magnetized when placed in a magnetic field.
• However, the magnetization is in the direction opposite to that of the magnetic field.
• Some of the most common examples of diamagnetic substances are Copper, Zinc, Bismuth, Silver, Gold, Antimony, Water, etc.

3.) Ferromagnetic material

• Ferromagnetic materials are those materials that exhibit a spontaneous net magnetization at the atomic level, even in the absence of an external magnetic field.
• When placed in an external magnetic field, ferromagnetic materials are strongly magnetized in the direction of the field.
• Ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted to a magnet. These materials will retain their magnetization for some time even after the external magnetizing field is removed.
• Common examples of ferromagnetic substances are Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, etc.

Additional InformationDifference Between diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferro magnetic material: