What is the primary method of action of Depo-Provera (DMPA)?

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

AIIMS NORCET 8 Prelims Memory Based Paper 2025

Attempt Online

Answer 1

Correct Answer: Inhibit ovulation

Rationale:

Depo-Provera (DMPA) is a form of contraception that primarily works by inhibiting ovulation. It is a progestin-only injectable contraceptive administered every three months.
Ovulation inhibition occurs as Depo-Provera suppresses the secretion of gonadotropins, specifically luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones are essential for the maturation and release of eggs from the ovaries. Without their activity, ovulation does not take place, preventing the possibility of fertilization.
By keeping the ovaries in a state where egg development and release are suppressed, Depo-Provera is considered highly effective as a contraceptive method.

Explanation of Other Options:

Thickens cervical mucus

Rationale: While Depo-Provera does thicken cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg, this is considered a secondary mechanism of action rather than its primary method of action. The thickened mucus creates a physical barrier that reduces sperm motility and access to the uterus.

Prevents implantation

Rationale: Depo-Provera alters the endometrial lining of the uterus, making it less suitable for implantation of a fertilized egg. However, this is not its primary mode of action. Since Depo-Provera prevents ovulation, the likelihood of fertilization and subsequent implantation is already minimal.

Reduces the sperm count

Rationale: Depo-Provera does not directly affect sperm count. Its contraceptive effects are focused on the female reproductive system, including ovulation suppression and cervical mucus thickening, rather than influencing male reproductive physiology.

Conclusion:

Depo-Provera’s primary mechanism of action is the inhibition of ovulation, which prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries. While it also thickens cervical mucus and alters the uterine lining as secondary mechanisms, these are supplementary to its main function. By effectively suppressing ovulation, Depo-Provera is a reliable and long-lasting contraceptive method used globally.