"Particular theory of inheritance" was proposed by

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Question

This question was previously asked in

WBCS Prelims 2017 Official Paper

Answer 1

The correct answer is Gregor Johann Mendel.

Important Points

Gregor Mendel is known as the "father of genetics".
Particulate Theory of Inheritance - traits are inherited as "particles", offspring receive a "particle" from each parent.
Mendel's Experiments:
- Mendel chose pea plants as his experimental subjects, mainly because they were easy to cross and showed a variety of contrasting traits (purple vs white flowers, tall vs short stems, round vs wrinkled seeds).
- He crossed a true-breeding plant with a plant of the opposite trait (purple x white). He called this the Parental (P) generation.
Mendel established three principles (or Laws) from his research:
- The Principle of Dominance and Recessiveness - one trait is masked or covered up by another trait.
- Principle of Segregation - the two factors (alleles) for a trait separate during gamete formation.
- Principle of Independent Assortment - factors of a trait separate independently of one another during gamete formation, another way to look at this is, whether a flower is purple has nothing to do with the length of the plant's stems - each trait is independently inherited.

Additional Information

Charles Darwin	Charles Robert Darwin, a British naturalist, and biologist knew for his theory of evolution and his understanding of natural selection. In 1859, he published his landmark book, On the Origin of Species. Darwin’s theory of evolution and the process of natural selection later became known simply as “Darwinism”.
Gregor Johann Mendel	Father of modern genetics. He discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance through his work on pea plants Mendel's laws of inheritance include the law of dominance, the law of segregation, and the law of independent assortment.
Herman Muller	He studied the hereditary characteristics of fruit flies and, in 1927, discovered that the number of genetic mutations observed in fruit flies increased when they were exposed to x-rays. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1946 was awarded to him "for the discovery of the production of mutations using X-ray irradiation."
T.H. Morgan	He is an American zoologist and geneticist, famous for his experimental research with the fruit fly (Drosophila) by which he established the chromosome theory of heredity. Thomas Hunt Morgan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933, for his discovery of the white-eyed mutation in the fruit fly, Drosophila.