Heterolysis of carbon-chlorine bond produces:

Question

Question

Answer 1

Concept:

During organic chemical reactions, covalent bonds are broken and formed.
This leads to the formation of various reaction intermediates like carboniums, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes etc.
Carbanions: In carbanions, a carbon center is generally bonded to three groups and bears a negative charge.
Carbonium ions: In carbanions, a carbon center is generally bonded to five groups and bears a positive charge.
Free Radicals: These are neutral species that have single lone electrons on their heads and are highly reactive.
The covalent bonds can be broken by two processes of fission :
- Homolysis
- Heterolysis

Explanation:

Homolysis and Heterolysis:

The process of breakage of covalent bonds where the electron density is distributed equally between the two atoms.	The process of breakage of covalent bonds where the electron density is distributed unequally between the two atoms.
Produces free radicals where each fragment has one unpaired electron.	The more electronegative atom takes away the electron density.
This occurs in presence of free radical initiators like heat, light, peroxides.	A cation and an anion are produced.
Occurs fast.	Occurs with a moderate rate.
Indicated by fish hook arrows or half arrows	Indicated by full arrows.

So when the Carbon - Chlorine bond is broken heterolytically, a cation and an anion are formed.
An example is shown below:

F1 Puja J Anil 24.03.21 D4

Additional Information

F1 Puja J Anil 24.03.21 D5