C^ΘN is a specific catalyst for benzoin condensation, because 
1. it is a nucleophile
2. its electron-withdrawing ability facilitates loss hydrogen of aldehydic
3. it is a good leaving group
4. it is a strong base
Select the correct answer from the codes given below.

CONCEPT:

Benzoin Condensation and Role of Catalyst

• Benzoin condensation is a reaction where two aldehydes combine in the presence of a catalyst to form an α-hydroxy ketone (benzoin).
• The catalyst facilitates the reaction by stabilizing intermediates and promoting nucleophilic attack.

EXPLANATION:

• CΘN (Cyanide Ion) acts as a specific catalyst for benzoin condensation due to the following reasons:
  • 1. It is a nucleophile: Cyanide ion can attack the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde, initiating the reaction.
  • 2. Its electron-withdrawing ability facilitates the loss of hydrogen from the aldehydic group: The cyanide ion stabilizes the intermediate by pulling electron density, making the hydrogen more acidic and easier to lose.
  • 3. It is a good leaving group: After the reaction progresses, cyanide can detach easily from the intermediate, allowing the reaction to proceed to completion.
  • 4. It is not a strong base: Cyanide ion is not highly basic, which ensures that it doesn’t hinder the reaction by side reactions.
• Based on the above points, all four statements (1, 2, 3,) are true.

Therefore, the correct answer is 1, 2, 3 are true.