Article ________ A supplements the 11th fundamental duty of the Indian Constitution?

The correct answer is Article 21

Key Points

• The 11th fundamental duty under Article 51A of the Indian Constitution was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act in 2002.
• It mandates parents or guardians to provide opportunities for education to their child or ward between the age of 6 and 14 years.
• This amendment also led to the incorporation of Article 21A, which guarantees the right to education for children in the specified age group.
• Article 51A lists the fundamental duties of Indian citizens, intending to promote a sense of discipline and commitment among them.

Additional Information

• Fundamental Duties:
  • These duties are outlined in Part IVA (Article 51A) of the Indian Constitution.
  • Initially, there were 10 fundamental duties, but the 86th Amendment added the 11th duty.
  • The concept of fundamental duties is inspired by the Constitution of Russia (erstwhile Soviet Union).
  • These duties are non-justiciable, meaning they are not enforceable by law but are considered essential for citizens.
• 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002:
  • This amendment made three significant changes: introducing Article 21A, adding the 11th fundamental duty, and modifying Article 45.
  • Article 21A makes education a fundamental right for children aged 6 to 14 years.
  • Article 45 was revised to focus on early childhood care and education for children below the age of six years.
• Right to Education Act, 2009:
  • This Act operationalizes Article 21A of the Constitution.
  • It mandates free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years.
  • The Act sets norms and standards for schools, ensuring a child-friendly and inclusive learning environment.
• Directive Principles of State Policy:
  • These principles are enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution.
  • They guide the state in formulating and implementing policies and laws.
  • Although non-justiciable, these principles are fundamental in the governance of the country.