A binary ripple counter is required to count upto 16, 383₁₀. If the clock frequency is 8.192 MHz, the number of flip-flops required and frequency of the output of MSB respectively are

A binary ripple counter is a type of counter in which the output of one flip-flop is connected to the clock input of the next flip-flop.

This causes the output of the counter to ripple from one flip-flop to the next, creating a series of pulses. The output of the counter can be used to drive a digital display, such as a 7-segment display, to show the binary count.

In a counter, Number of flip flop = log₂ N

where, N is Max count value.

Number of flip flops required = log₂ (16383)

= 14

In this case, we need to count up to 16,383 (in binary 111111111111111). This requires 14 flip-flops, as the number of bits required to represent the number 16,383 is 14.

The frequency of the output of the MSB  is given as :\(\frac{F_{CLK}}{N}\)

where,

F_CLK  is clock frequency

N is Max count value

so MSB frequency = \(\frac {8.192}{ 16383}\) × 10⁶

= 500Hz

Hence correct option is 4.