NEET Syllabus 2026, Download Subject Wise Free PDF

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NEET Syllabus 2026 PDF Download

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NEET PYQs PDF Download

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NEET Physics Most Important PYQs

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NEET Biology Most Important PYQs

Unit No

Unit Name

Topics

1

Physics and Measurement

Units of measurements, System of Units, SI Units, fundamental and derived units, least count, significant figures, Errors in measurements, Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications.

2

Kinematics

Frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position-time graph, speed and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, Scalars and Vectors, Vector Addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector, Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.

3

Laws of Motion

Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion, Impulses; Newton’s Third Law of motion, Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications: vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.

4

Work, Energy, and Power

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power, The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces; motion in a vertical circle, Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

5

Rotational Motion

Centre of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications, Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.

6

Gravitation

The universal law of gravitation, Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth, Kepler’s law of planetary motion, Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential, Escape velocity, Motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period and energy of satellite.

7

Properties of Solids and Liquids

Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications, Effect of gravity on fluid pressure, Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli's principle and its applications, Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise, Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat, Heat transfer-conduction, convection, and radiation.

8

Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature, Heat, work, and internal energy, The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes, The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.

9

Kinetic Theory of Gases

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, the concept of pressure, Kinetic interpretation of temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules, Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases, Mean free path, Avogadro's number.

10

Oscillations and Waves

Oscillations and periodic motion – time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, Periodic functions, Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a spring -restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period, Wave motion, Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of travelling wave, Displacement relation for a progressive wave, Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats.

11

Electrostatics

Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution, Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines, Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field, Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell, Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; potential difference, Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field, Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitances, the combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor.

12

Current Electricity

Electric current, Drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current, Ohm's law, Electrical resistance, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors, Electrical energy and power, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Series and parallel combinations of resistors, Temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel, Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications, Wheatstone bridge, Metre Bridge.

13

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop, Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid, Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere, Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field, Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter, Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, Magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis, Torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field, Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

14

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law, Induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents, Self and mutual inductance, Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series circuit, resonance: power in AC circuits, wattless current, AC generator and transformer.

15

Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current, Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves.

16

Optics

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula and lens maker formula, Total internal reflection and its applications, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in contact, Refraction of light through a prism, Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers, Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle, Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light, Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum, Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.

17

Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations, Einstein's photoelectric equation: particle nature of light, Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation.

18

Atoms and Nuclei

Alpha-particle scattering experiment, Rutherford's model of atom, Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum, Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion.

19

Electronic Devices

Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, the photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator, Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR).

20

Experimental Skills

Familiarity with basic approach and observations for experiments such as: Vernier calipers, Screw gauge, Simple Pendulum, Metre Scale, Young's modulus, Surface tension, Co-efficient of Viscosity, Speed of sound, Specific heat capacity, Resistivity and Resistance using bridge methods, Characteristics of diodes, and identification of electronic components.

Unit Name

Chapters/Topics Included

Total Weightage (%)

Unit 1: Physics and Measurement

Units and Measurements, Mathematical Tools & Vectors

5% + 1% = 6%

Unit 2: Kinematics

Motion in a Straight Line, Motion in a Plane

3% + 3% = 6%

Unit 3: Laws of Motion

Laws of Motion

2%

Unit 4: Work, Energy and Power

Work Energy and Power

3%

Unit 5: Rotational Motion

Center of Mass & System of Particles, Rotational Motion

4% + 6% = 10%

Unit 6: Gravitation

Gravitation

3%

Unit 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids

Mechanical Properties of Solids, Mechanical Properties of Fluids, Thermal Properties of Matter

2% + 3% + 1% = 6%

Unit 8: Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics

2%

Unit 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases

Kinetic Theory of Gases

3%

Unit 10: Oscillations and Waves

Oscillations, Waves

3% + 1% = 4%

Unit 11: Electrostatics

Electric Charges and Fields, Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

3% + 5% = 8%

Unit 12: Current Electricity

Current Electricity

10%

Unit 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Moving Charges and Magnetism, Magnetism and Matter

5% + 1% = 6%

Unit 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Current

3% + 4% = 7%

Unit 15: Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic Waves

3%

Unit 16: Optics

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, Wave Optics

6% + 2% = 8%

Unit 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

3%

Unit 18: Atoms and Nuclei

Atoms, Nuclei

3% + 4% = 7%

Unit 19: Electronic Devices

Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

5%

Unit 20: Experimental Skills

(No direct weightage, practical-based questions)

0-1% (Theory Table)

Unit

Title

Topics

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Unit 1

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound:: Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae: Chemical equations and stoichiometry.

Unit 2

Atomic Structure

Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of the atom, its important features. Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation of Ψ and Ψ2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number: Rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle. Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

Unit 3

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity. Fajan’s rule, dipole moment: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules. Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features, the concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; Resonance. Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features. LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications.

Unit 4

Chemical Thermodynamics

Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes. The first law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess’s law of constant heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, and solution. The second law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes; ∆S of the universe and ∆G of the system as criteria for spontaneity. ∆Gº (Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant.

Unit 5

Solutions

Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; Colligative properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its significance.

Unit 6

Equilibrium

Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law. General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes. Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, the significance of ∆G and ∆Gº in chemical equilibrium, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier’s principle. Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water. pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.

Unit 7

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions. Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch’s law and its applications. Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement: Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change: Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.

Unit 8

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reactions, Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Unit 9

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.

Unit 10

P-Block Elements

Group 13 to Group 18 Elements General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group.

Unit 11

d- and f-Block Elements

Transition Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7, and KMnO4. Inner Transition Elements: Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states.

Unit 12

Co-ordination Compounds

Introduction to coordination compounds. Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems).

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Unit 13

Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography - principles and their applications. Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens. Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae: Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis.

Unit 14

Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

Tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p): Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur; Homologous series: Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism. Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC). Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles. Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation. Common types of organic reactions - Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement.

Unit 15

Hydrocarbons

Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions. Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane): Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes. Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism: Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff's and peroxide effect): Ozonolysis and polymerization. Alkynes - Acidic character: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides: Polymerization. Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration. Friedel-Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in monosubstituted benzene.

Unit 16

Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons, and DDT.

Unit 17

Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses. Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers: Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols: mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, and sulphonation. Reimer-Tiemann reaction. Ethers: Structure. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions - Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen); the acidity of α-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction, Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones. Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it.

Unit 18

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses. Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character. Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit 19

Biomolecules

General introduction and importance of biomolecules. Carbohydrates - Classification; aldoses and ketoses: monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose). Proteins - Elementary idea of α-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides. Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. Vitamins – Classification and functions. Nucleic Acids – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids. Hormones (General introduction).

Unit 20

Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds; Detection of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds. • The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds: Mohr’s salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform. • The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises – Acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4. • Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis: Cations – Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+. Anions – CO3 2-, S2-, SO4 2-, NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, Br-, I- (Insoluble salts excluded). • Chemical principles involved in the following experiments: 1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4. 2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base. 3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols. 4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.

Unit/Chapter

Topics

Weightage (%)

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Laws of Chemical Combination, Dalton’s Theory, Mole Concept, Stoichiometry

4%

Structure of Atom

Atomic Models, Quantum Numbers, Electronic Configuration

4%

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Modern Periodic Table, Periodic Trends

2%

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Types of Bonds, VSEPR Theory, Hybridization, Molecular Orbital Theory

7%

States of Matter: Gases and Liquids

Gas Laws, Ideal Gas Equation, Liquefaction of Gases (not given weightage separately)

NA

Thermodynamics

First Law, Enthalpy, Entropy, Second Law

5%

Equilibrium

Ionic and Chemical Equilibrium, Le Chatelier's Principle

6%

Redox Reactions

Oxidation and Reduction, Redox Reactions, Balancing Equations

3%

Hydrogen

Properties, Preparation, Uses (not given weightage separately)

NA

The s-Block Element

Group 1 and Group 2 Elements (not given weightage separately)

NA

Some p-Block Elements

Group 13 and 14 Elements (combined under p-Block Elements)

6%

Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Hybridization, Resonance, Isomerism

5%

Hydrocarbons

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons

7%

Environmental Chemistry

Environmental Pollution (not given weightage separately)

NA

The Solid State

Types of Solids, Unit Cell, Packing (not given weightage separately)

NA

Solutions

Concentration Terms, Raoult’s Law, Colligative Properties

4%

Electrochemistry

Electrochemical Cells, Nernst Equation

5%

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of Reaction, Order and Molecularity

5%

The p-Block Elements (XII)

Group 15, 16, 17, 18 Elements

6%

The d- and f-Block Elements

Transition and Inner Transition Elements

6%

Coordination Compounds

Ligands, Bonding, Isomerism

5%

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Preparation, Properties, Reactions

4%

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Preparation, Properties, Reactions

4%

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Preparation, Properties, Reactions

9%

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Amines, Cyanides, Isocyanides

5%

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Enzymes

4%

Polymers

Types of Polymers (not given weightage separately)

NA

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Medicines, Chemicals in Food (not given weightage separately)

NA

Unit

Topics

Unit 1: Diversity in Living World

• What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature

• Five kingdom classification; Monera, Protista, Fungi; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids

• Classification of plants: Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms

• Classification of animals: Non-chordates (phyla level) and chordates (classes level)

Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

• Morphology and modifications; Tissues

• Anatomy and functions of parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed

• Families: Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Compositae, Gramineae

• Animal tissues; Morphology and anatomy of frog systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, reproductive)

Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function

• Cell theory; Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant and animal cells

• Cell envelope, membrane, wall; Cell organelles (ER, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles, nucleus)

• Biomolecules: Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes

• Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

• Photosynthesis: Site, pigments, phases, C3 & C4 pathways, photorespiration, factors affecting photosynthesis

• Respiration: Exchange of gases, glycolysis, fermentation, TCA cycle, electron transport system, energy relations

• Plant growth and development: Seed germination, phases, growth regulators (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA)

Unit 5: Human Physiology

• Breathing and respiration: Respiratory system in humans, regulation, disorders (Asthma, Emphysema, etc.)

• Body fluids and circulation: Blood, lymph, human heart, cardiac cycle, disorders

• Excretory products and elimination: Human excretory system, urine formation, disorders (Uraemia, nephritis, etc.)

• Locomotion and movement: Muscle contraction, skeletal system, disorders

• Neural control and coordination: Nervous system, impulse generation

• Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Disorders (Dwarfism, Diabetes, etc.)

Unit 6: Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Gametophytes, pollination, fertilization, seed and fruit formation

• Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilization, pregnancy, lactation

• Reproductive health: STD prevention, contraception, MTP, infertility, ART (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT)

Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance, deviations, chromosome theory, sex determination, genetic disorders

• Molecular basis of inheritance: DNA/RNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, gene regulation, HGP, DNA fingerprinting

• Evolution: Origin of life, evidences, Darwin, mechanism (natural selection, genetic drift), Hardy-Weinberg, human evolution

Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare

• Health and disease: Pathogens (Malaria, Typhoid, Dengue, etc.), immunology basics, Cancer, HIV/AIDS, adolescence issues

• Microbes in human welfare: Food processing, industry, sewage treatment, biocontrol, biofertilizers

Unit 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications

• Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering

• Applications: Insulin, vaccines, gene therapy, GMOs, transgenic animals, biosafety, biopiracy, patents

Unit 10: Ecology and Environment

• Organisms and environment: Interactions (mutualism, competition, etc.)

• Ecosystem: Patterns, components, energy flow, ecological pyramids

• Biodiversity and conservation: Patterns, importance, threats, conservation strategies (hotspots, reserves, parks)

NEET Botany Chapter wise Weightage

Unit Name

Chapters/Topics

Weightage (%)

Diversity in the Living World

Biodiversity and Conservation

4%

The Living World

1%

Biological Classification

3%

Structural Organisation in Plants

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

7%

Morphology of Flowering Plants

6%

Cell Structure and Function

Cell: The Unit of Life

5%

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

9%

Plant Physiology

Respiration in Plants

4%

Plant Growth and Development

6%

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

4%

Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

6%

Genetics and Evolution

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

10%

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

14%

Evolution

6%

Biology and Human Welfare

Microbes in Human Welfare

4%

Biotechnology

Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

12%

Biotechnology and its Applications

7%

Ecology and Environment

Organisms and Populations

4%

Ecosystem

4%

NEET Zoology Chapter wise Weightage

Unit Name

Chapters/Topics

Weightage (%)

Structural Organisation in Animals

Structural Organisation in Animals (Tissues)

8%

Human Physiology

Body Fluids and Circulation

5%

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

4%

Excretory Products and their Elimination

5%

Locomotion and Movement

6%

Neural Control and Coordination

2%

Chemical Coordination and Integration

4%

Reproduction

Human Reproduction

6%

Reproductive Health

8%

Biology and Human Welfare

Human Health and Disease

6%