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๐จ๐ฃ๐ฆ๐ ๐ฆ๐๐น๐น๐ฎ๐ฏ๐๐ ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฑ: IAS Syllabus PDF for CSE Prelims & Mains
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Are you dreaming of becoming an IAS officer? Then you need to know what to study for the UPSC exam. The UPSC syllabus 2025 is like a map that shows all the topics you need to learn. It tells you what to read and helps you plan your study better. If you follow this syllabus, you will not miss any topic and will feel more confident while preparing for the exam.
The UPSC Syllabus 2025 serves as a thorough and detailed overview of the subjects from which questions are formulated for both the Prelims and Mains examinations. It is like your compass for the path of becoming an IAS officer. There might be questions in your mind related to the UPSC Syllabus of IAS such as What are the subjects in the UPSC? What is the difference between UPSC Prelims and Mains Syllabus? Does the IAS Syllabus change every year? All of these questions will be answered in this article which will give you complete clarity about the UPSC Detailed Syllabus. This syllabus acts as a guidebook, outlining what you'll learn and study throughout your UPSC Civil Services Exam journey. The UPSC CSE Syllabus is divided into two major parts:
In this article, we will provide an in-depth analysis of the UPSC IAS Exam Syllabus for both stages, including its structure, important topics, and tips to prepare effectively for the exam. Candidates can also download the UPSC Syllabus PDF for free from the link given-below in this article.
Also, check out the UPSC Prelims 2025 Answer Key & the UPSC Prelims 2025 Expected Cut Off!
UPSC Syllabus 2025
UPSC Syllabus 2025 gives you a clear idea of what to study for the Civil Services Exam. It is divided into two main stages – Prelims and Mains. Prelims tests your basic knowledge through objective questions, while Mains checks your understanding through written descriptive papers. Knowing the syllabus helps plan smart preparation.
The UPSC CSE Syllabus 2025 includes subjects like History, Polity, Geography, Economy, Environment, and Current Affairs. It also covers Essay, Ethics, and one Optional Subject chosen by you. Download the UPSC syllabus PDF and start studying topic by topic. Sticking to the syllabus saves time and avoids confusion during preparation.
| Subjects | PDF Link |
|---|---|
| Download Free Ancient History Notes PDF Created by UPSC Experts | Download Link |
| Grab the Free Economy Notes PDF used by UPSC Aspirants | Download Link |
| Get your hands on the most trusted Free UPSC Environmental Notes PDF | Download Link |
| Exclusive Free Indian Geography PDF crafted by top mentors | Download Link |
| UPSC Toppers’ trusted notes, Now FREE for you. Download the Polity Notes PDF today! | Download Link |
| Thousands of UPSC aspirants are already using our FREE UPSC notes. Get World Geography Notes PDF Here | Download Link |
Overall, the UPSC Exam Syllabus covers a wide range of subjects, including General Studies, Optional Subjects, and Essay Papers. Go through the table below for a basic division of the UPSC Syllabus 2025 –
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Basic Overview of UPSC Civil Services Syllabus |
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IAS Syllabus for Prelims Exam |
Consists of UPSC 2025 Syllabus for IAS Prelims GS 1 & GS 2 (CSAT) |
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IAS Syllabus for Mains Exam |
Consists of UPSC 2025 Syllabus for IAS Mains Qualifying Paper 1 & 2, Mains Essay Paper, IAS Mains GS 1, 2, 3 & 4, and UPSC Optional Subjects Syllabus |
|
Personality Test |
Mental alertness, critical thinking, leadership, judgment, moral integrity |
UPSC Syllabus 2025 PDF
The UPSC Syllabus PDF is a must-have for every IAS aspirant. It lists all the important topics for both Prelims and Mains exams in a clear format. Having the syllabus handy helps you plan better and stay focused. You can download the UPSC syllabus PDF in English from the official UPSC website.
It’s helpful to go through the UPSC CSE syllabus PDF regularly to ensure you’re not missing any important topics. From General Studies to Optional Subjects, everything is clearly listed. Whether you’re a beginner or revising, the UPSC syllabus PDF download is your daily checklist for what to read and revise. The following is the official UPSC Syllabus 2025 PDF in English for candidates’ easy reference –
UPSC Syllabus 2025 for Prelims Exam
The UPSC Prelims 2025 is your first step towards becoming an IAS officer. It includes two papers: General Studies (GS) and CSAT. The GS syllabus covers topics like history, geography, polity, economics, environment, science, and current events. You need a clear understanding of these subjects to pass this stage.
The second paper, CSAT, tests your basic aptitude through questions on logical reasoning, comprehension, basic numeracy, decision-making, and problem-solving skills. Although the CSAT marks aren’t counted in merit, you must score at least 33%. Regular practice of previous papers is essential for passing this preliminary stage of UPSC 2025.
Have a look at the IAS Prelims exam pattern in the table below.
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UPSC IAS Prelims Exam Pattern |
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|
Two Compulsory Papers |
General Studies Paper 1 |
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CSAT |
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|
Total Questions |
GS Paper 1 - 100 Questions |
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CSAT - 80 Questions |
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Total Marks |
GS Paper 1 - 200 Marks |
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CSAT - 200 Marks |
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Negative Marking |
1/3 of the total marks assigned will be deducted. |
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Time Allotted |
Two hours for each paper. |
Also, check out UPSC CAPF Syllabus in the linked article.
Download UPSC Prelims Syllabus PDF
IAS Syllabus for Prelims - General Studies (Paper 1)
The UPSC IAS Syllabus for Prelims GS Paper 1 includes topics from mixed subjects. There will be 100 objective questions in this paper, and the marks of this paper will be counted in the merit. In the table below, you can have a look at the latest IAS Syllabus for Prelims GS Paper 1 as per the official notification.
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Syllabus for IAS Prelims - GS Paper 1 |
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Subject |
Topics |
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Current Events |
National and International Importance |
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History of India |
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Geography |
Geography of India and the World |
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Indian Polity and Governance |
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Political System |
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Public Policy |
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Rights Issues |
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Economic and Social Development |
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Social Sector Initiatives |
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Environmental Issues |
General Issues on Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity, and Climate Change |
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Subject Specialization |
[Topic-specific content based on subject specialization] |
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Physics |
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Chemistry |
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Biology |
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Space |
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Technology |
|
Also, check out the Ancient History Syllabus for UPSC Prelims here.
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Subject-wise Prelims Previous Year Questions |
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The UPSC CSAT Syllabus includes topics like reading comprehension, logical reasoning, decision-making, basic numeracy, and communication skills. This paper tests your problem-solving abilities through 80 objective questions. You need to score at least 33% marks to qualify and progress to the Mains stage of the UPSC exam.
Although qualifying in nature, mastering the UPSC CSAT Syllabus is crucial. Regular practice of past question papers helps build speed and accuracy. Pay special attention to comprehension passages, numerical aptitude, and reasoning puzzles. Clearing CSAT ensures your smooth transition to the next phase of your IAS exam journey.
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Syllabus for UPSC Prelims - GS Paper 2 (CSAT) |
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Subject |
Topics |
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Comprehension |
Reading Comprehension, Understanding Context, Drawing Inferences |
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Interpersonal Skills |
Communication Skills |
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Active Listening |
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Emotional Intelligence |
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Conflict Resolution |
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Logical Reasoning |
Deductive and Inductive Reasoning |
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Pattern Recognition |
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Syllogism |
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Coding-Decoding |
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Direction Sense |
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Decision Making |
Problem Identification |
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Analyzing Options |
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Weighing Pros and Cons |
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Making Informed Choices |
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Problem-Solving |
Creative Thinking |
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Problem Identification |
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Solution Strategies |
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Evaluation and Adjustment |
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General Mental Ability |
Cognitive Ability |
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Mental Agility |
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Analytical Thinking |
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Basic Numeracy |
Arithmetic |
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Basic Algebra |
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Number Series |
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Data Interpretation |
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Interpretation |
Data Interpretation |
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Graphs |
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Tables |
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Diagrams |
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Numerical Analysis |
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Candidates preparing for the exam must know the subject-wise weightage of all the topics of the UPSC Exam Syllabus. Understanding this will help candidates know which topics are more important. Have a look at the topic-wise weightage for the prelims exam by clicking on the links given in the table below.
Also, have a look at the UPSC IFS Syllabus in the linked article.
UPSC Syllabus 2025 for Mains Exam
The UPSC Syllabus 2025 for Mains Exam is detailed and includes nine papers, covering essay writing, general studies, and optional subjects chosen by candidates. The main exam tests your ability to analyze, write clearly, and understand subjects deeply, including history, politics, economy, social issues, science, ethics, and international relations.
Candidates who successfully clear the IAS Prelims exam become eligible for the IAS Mains exam. The mains exam includes a total of 9 papers which also includes 2 optional papers. The UPSC provides a list of 48 optional subjects from which candidates can choose any one optional subject. Before understanding the UPSC Detailed Syllabus for mains exam, candidates need to have clarity of the UPSC IAS mains exam pattern which is mentioned in the table below
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UPSC IAS Mains Exam Pattern |
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Type of Paper |
Name of the Paper |
Topics/Subjects Covered |
Marks |
|
Qualifying Paper |
Paper A - Indian Language (The candidate must choose one of the Indian languages from the languages mentioned in the Constitution's 8th Schedule.) |
Comprehension Precis Writing Usage Vocabulary Short Essays |
300 |
|
Paper B - English |
Short Essays (100 Marks) Comprehension of a given passage (60 marks) Precis Writing (60 Marks) Grammar and Language usage (40 Marks) Translation English to compulsory language (20 Marks) Compulsory language to English (20 Marks) |
300 |
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|
Merit Paper |
Paper 1 - Essay |
In the medium of the candidate's choice |
250 |
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Paper 2 - General Studies 1 |
Geography |
250 |
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Paper 3 - General Studies 2 |
Constitution |
250 |
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Paper 4 - General Studies 3 |
Technology |
250 |
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Paper 5 - General Studies 4 |
Integrity Aptitude |
250 |
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Paper 6 - Optional Paper 1 |
Candidates have to choose any one optional subject from a list of 48 optional subjects provided by UPSC. |
250 + 250 |
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Paper 7 - Optional Paper 2 |
|||
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Total |
1750 |
||
Download UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF
IAS Syllabus for English & Indian Languages (Qualifying Papers)
The English & Indian Language Papers (Paper A & B) will be of qualifying nature, meaning that the marks obtained in these papers will not be considered for calculating the final UPSC Scores. The difficulty level of these papers on Indian languages and English will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard. Check the important UPSC Syllabus topics for English & Indian Language Papers below –
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Paper |
Syllabus Topics |
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English Language |
Comprehension of given passages |
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Precise Writing |
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Usage and Vocabulary |
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Short Essays |
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Indian Languages |
Comprehension of given passages |
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Precise Writing |
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Usage and Vocabulary |
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Short Essays |
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Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa |
UPSC Syllabus 2025 for Essay Papers
In the UPSC Essay Paper, candidates will be tested on their ability to articulate ideas coherently, critically analyze the given issues, and their ability to present arguments effectively. The Essay Paper is an important part of the IAS Mains Exam and carries 250 marks. Candidates are required to write two essays, selecting topics from a given set.
The topics generally cover a wide range of current affairs, philosophical themes, social issues, governance, and economic development. Essays are evaluated based on clarity of thought, logical structuring, content depth, and language proficiency. Candidates are expected to present balanced arguments, provide relevant examples, and maintain a coherent flow.
A well-structured approach, including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a strong conclusion, is essential for scoring well in the UPSC Essay Paper. Given the subjective nature of evaluation, practice, critical thinking, and effective articulation are crucial to score well in this paper.
IAS Syllabus for Mains GS-1
The IAS Mains GS Paper 1 is also known as Mains Paper 2. The UPSC CSE Syllabus for the Mains GS Paper 1 covers subjects like History, Indian Society, Indian Culture & Heritage and Geography. The detailed UPSC Mains GS Paper 1 Syllabus is given below.
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UPSC Civil Service Exam Syllabus for IAS Mains GS Paper 1 |
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Subject |
Topics |
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Art & Culture |
Salient Aspects of Art Forms |
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Visual Arts, Performance Arts (dance, music, theater), Applied Arts (craft, design) |
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Literature |
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Classical to Modern Literature; Regional and Global Genres, Themes, and Movements |
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Architecture (Ancient to Modern Times) |
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Evolution of Architectural Styles: Mughal, Colonial, Modern, Contemporary |
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History |
Modern Indian History (18th Century to Present) |
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British Colonization, Regional Powers, Independence Movement, Post-Independence Growth and Challenges |
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The Freedom Struggle |
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Early Resistance (1857 Revolt), Moderate Phase (INC Formation), Extremist Phase (Bhagat Singh), Gandhian Phase (Non-violence) |
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Post-Independence Consolidation & Reorganization |
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Integration of Princely States, Linguistic Reorganization, Economic and Social Reforms Post-Independence |
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World History (18th Century Onwards) |
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Industrial Revolution, World Wars, Redrawing of National Boundaries, Colonization & Decolonization |
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Political Philosophies: Communism, Capitalism, Socialism |
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Definitions, Forms, and Impacts on Society and Global Politics |
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Indian Society |
Salient Features of Indian Society |
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Diversity in Culture, Religion, Language, and Social Systems |
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Diversity of India |
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Cultural, Linguistic, and Ethnic Diversity, Regional Variations |
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Population and Associated Issues |
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Population Growth, Demographic Challenges, Urbanization, Poverty, Rural-Urban Divide |
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Women’s Empowerment, Key Organizations, and Their Impact on Society |
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Economic, Cultural, and Social Impact of Globalization on India’s Society |
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Poverty and Developmental Issues |
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Challenges Related to Poverty, Developmental Disparities, Rural vs Urban Development |
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Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism, Secularism, Urbanization |
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Social Issues, Their Problems, and Possible Remedies in a Changing Society |
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Geography |
Salient Features of the World's Physical Geography |
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Geographical Features such as Continents, Mountains, Rivers, and Climate Zones |
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Distribution of Key Natural Resources |
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Resources Like Water, Minerals, Energy Sources, and Agriculture, and Their Global Distribution |
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Factors Responsible for Location of Industries |
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Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Industries and the Factors that Influence Their Location (Raw Materials, Labor, Transport) |
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Important Geophysical Phenomena |
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Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Volcanic Activity, Cyclones, and their Global Impact |
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Changes in Critical Geographical Features |
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Climate Change, Melting Ice Caps, Changes in Water Bodies, Flora and Fauna, and the Effects on Ecosystems |
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UPSC Syllabus for Mains GS-2
The IAS Mains GS Paper 2 is officially also known as the Mains Paper 3. The UPSC Exam Syllabus for Mains GS Paper 2 covers subjects like Polity, Governance and International Relations. Candidates can have a look at the detailed UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 Syllabus below.
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UPSC Civil Service Exam Syllabus for IAS Mains GS Paper 2 |
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Subject |
Topics |
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Polity |
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Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions, and Basic Structure |
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Functions and Responsibilities of the Union and the States |
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Issues and Challenges about the Federal Structure |
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Devolution of Powers and Finances up to Local Levels and Challenges therein |
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Separation of Powers Between Various Organs, Disputes Redressal Mechanisms and Institutions |
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Comparison of the Indian Constitutional Scheme with Other Countries |
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Structure, Functioning, Conduct of Business, Powers & Privileges, Issues Arising from These |
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Structure, Organization, and Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary |
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Ministries and Departments of the Government |
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Pressure Groups and Formal/Informal Associations and Their Role in the Polity |
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Salient Features of the Representation of People’s Act |
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Appointment to Various Constitutional Posts, Powers, Functions, and Responsibilities of Various Constitutional Bodies |
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Statutory, Regulatory, and Various Quasi-judicial Bodies |
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Governance |
Government Policies and Interventions for Development in Various Sectors and Issues Arising from Their Design and Implementation |
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Development Processes and the Development Industry, Role of NGOs, SHGs, Various Groups, Associations, Donors, Charities, Institutional and Other Stakeholders |
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Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Center and States and the Performance of These Schemes |
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Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions, and Bodies for Protecting and Improving Vulnerable Sections |
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Issues Relating to the Development and Management of Social Sector/Services (Health, Education, Human Resources) |
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Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency, and Accountability, E-Governance - Applications, Models, Successes, Limitations, and Potential |
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Citizens Charters, Transparency & Accountability, and Institutional and Other Measures |
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International Relations |
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Bilateral, Regional, and Global Groupings and Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests |
|
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Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s Interests and the Indian Diaspora |
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Important International Institutions, Agencies, and Fora: Structure and Mandate |
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IAS Syllabus for Mains GS-3
The IAS Mains GS Paper 2 is officially also known as Mains GS Paper 4. The UPSC exam syllabus for mains GS Paper 3 covers subjects like Economics, Science & Technology, Biodiversity, Security, and Disaster Management. Have a look at the detailed UPSC Mains GS Paper 3 Syllabus mentioned below.
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UPSC Civil Service Exam Syllabus for IAS Mains GS Paper 3 |
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Subject |
Topics |
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Economics |
Issues Relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development, and Employment |
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Macroeconomics and Economic Development in India |
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Banking, International Organizations, Money Market, and Capital Market |
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Science & Technology |
Nuclear Energy, Space Technology with Recent Missions |
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Defense Technology, Dark Matter, Higgs Boson, GM Crops |
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Current Affairs and Awareness in the Fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nanotechnology, and Biotechnology |
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Biodiversity & Environment |
Types of Biodiversity, Environment, Conservation, Environmental Pollution, and Degradation |
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Security |
|
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Extremism, Terrorism, Money-Laundering |
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Disaster Management |
PM Cares Fund, Recent Government Steps, National Disaster Management Plan |
UPSC Syllabus for Mains GS-4
The Mains GS Paper 4 is also known as the IAS Mains Paper 5. This paper will include questions that will test the candidate’s attitude and approach to issues related to integrity, probity in public life, and his problem-solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilize the case study approach to determine these aspects. Candidates can have a look at the detailed UPSC Mains GS Paper 4 mentioned below.
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UPSC Civil Service Exam Syllabus for IAS Mains GS Paper 4 |
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Subject |
Topics |
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Ethics |
Ethics and Human Interface |
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Essence, Determinants and Consequences of Ethics in Human Actions |
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Ethics in Private and Public Relationships, Dimensions of Ethics |
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Human Values - Lessons from the Lives and Teachings of Great Leaders, Reformers, and Administrators |
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The Role of Family, Society, and Educational Institutions in Inculcating Values |
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Attitude: Content, Structure, Function |
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Its Influence and Relation with Thought and Behaviour |
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Moral and Political Attitudes, Social Influence, and Persuasion |
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Aptitude and Foundational Values for Civil Service |
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Integrity, Impartiality and Non-partisanship, Objectivity, Dedication to Public Service, Empathy, Tolerance, and Compassion towards the Weaker Sections |
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Emotional Intelligence Concepts, and Their Utilities and Application in Administration and Governance |
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Contributions of Moral Thinkers and Philosophers from India and the World |
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Public/Civil Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration |
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Status and Problems, Ethical Concerns and Dilemmas in Government and Private Institutions |
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Laws, Rules, Regulations, and Conscience as Sources of Ethical Guidance |
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Accountability and Ethical Governance |
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Strengthening of Ethical and Moral Values in Governance |
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Ethical Issues in International Relations and Funding |
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Probity in Governance: Concept of Public Service |
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Philosophical Basis of Governance and Probity |
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Information Sharing and Transparency in Government, Right to Information |
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Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work Culture, Quality of Service Delivery |
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Utilization of Public Funds, Challenges of Corruption |
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Case Studies on the Above Issues |
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UPSC Syllabus for Optional Subjects
The optional subjects are part of the UPSC mains exam. Candidates can choose any one optional subject from the list of 48 optional subjects list provided by UPSC. There are two optional papers in the mains exam, and the marks obtained in these papers are counted in the final merit. So, it is important to choose an optional subject wisely and understand the UPSC CSE Syllabus before starting the exam preparation. Candidates can find the UPSC full Syllabus for 48 optional subjects with the links given in the table below.
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UPSC Full Syllabus for Optional Subjects |
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UPSC Full Syllabus for Optional Literature Subjects |
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Also, read How To Become an IAS Officer here.
IAS Interview Syllabus
The UPSC Interview/Personality Test is the last stage of the Civil Services Examination process carrying 275 marks, this stage is pivotal in evaluating a candidate's suitability for a career in public service.
- Unlike the written exams that primarily test the candidates’ subject knowledge and general awareness, the UPSC CSE Interview evaluates the personal attributes of the candidate.
- A board of unbiased and competent observers conducts the interview, engaging the candidate in a purposive conversation where they gauge their mental calibre, intellectual qualities, and social traits.
- The focus is on understanding the candidate's overall personality, decision-making abilities, and commitment to public service.
Finally, it is also crucial to self-evaluate your preparation at regular intervals! Do not wait until you finish studying the entire syllabus to begin your practice sessions and giving mock tests!
Estimate your Prelims Marks with UPSC Marks Calculator & UPSC Negative Marking Calculator.
Tips to Cover the UPSC Syllabus Effectively
There are several ways to cover the UPSC Civil Services Syllabus effectively. However, the techniques and tactics that remain static are given below:
- Making a habit of reading the newspaper every day. Candidates must understand the questions that can be asked in the examination based on the prescribed syllabus. (Know How to read a newspaper for UPSC here.)
- Complete reading NCERTs right from the class 6th till 12th when it comes to covering the foundation of History, Polity, Geography, and Economics. (Know How to read NCERT for UPSC exam here.)
- Candidates must start solving the UPSC Previous Year Papers, to understand the type of questions that can be asked in the UPSC examination.
- Once, the candidates have completed reading the UPSC CSE Syllabus in detail, they must start preparing for the IAS exam by revising daily, weekly and monthly basis.
UPSC Prelims Snippet - Top 30 UPSC Prelims Questions Asked in 2024
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Check Out UPSC Syllabus for Other Exams |
|
Hope you found this article on UPSC CSE Syllabus informative and helpful. Download the IAS Syllabus PDF provided in this article above and refer to it while preparing for the IAS Exam 2024. If you have any doubts, do let us know in the comment section below. Start preparing for various competitive examinations with the help of the Testbook App for free.
Top 25 UPSC CSE 2024 Prelims Official PYQs with Solutions
You can start IAS 2024 preparations by enrolling in the Testbook UPSC Online Coaching program.
UPSC Syllabus FAQs
What is the UPSC syllabus for Prelims and Mains?
The UPSC syllabus covers General Studies, CSAT, Essay, Optional subjects. Essential before checking UPSC Prelims 2025 result date or UPSC result 2025 updates.
Where can I download the UPSC syllabus PDF?
Download UPSC syllabus from the official website. Refer early before UPSC Prelims result 2025, prelims result 2025, or UPSC result 2025 prelims announcement.
Is CSAT part of merit in UPSC Prelims?
CSAT is only qualifying. Focus on GS Paper I marks for merit before the UPSC pre result 2025 or UPSC prelims result 2025 release.
What subjects are included in the UPSC Mains syllabus?
UPSC Mains includes GS I-IV, Essay, two Optional Papers. These influence your overall score post UPSC CSE 2025 prelims result date and mains exam.
When is the UPSC Prelims 2025 result expected?
The UPSC prelims 2025 result expected date is July 2025. Bookmark the UPSC result 2025 link to stay updated on prelims result announcements.
What is the expected cutoff for UPSC Prelims 2025?
The UPSC prelims 2025 expected cutoff may range from 82–90 marks. It will be clear around UPSC pre 2025 result or UPSC prelims result date.
What topics are in UPSC Prelims General Studies Paper?
General Studies covers polity, history, geography, economy, environment, and current affairs. Study thoroughly before waiting for UPSC prelims 2025 result or cut off.
Is there negative marking in UPSC Prelims?
Yes, one-third marks are deducted for wrong answers. Important for final score before UPSC cse prelims 2025 result or UPSC result date 2025.
Can UPSC syllabus change every year?
No major changes usually. Still, check official notification each year, especially before UPSC prelims 2025 result date expected or Mains preparation begins.
How many attempts are allowed in UPSC CSE?
General category: 6 attempts. OBC: 9. Unlimited for SC/ST. Plan well before attempting, especially ahead of UPSC 2025 prelims result and cut offs.