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Home / IAS Preparation / Global Peace Index

Global Peace Index 2023 - Aim, Methodology, Key Highlights and India’s Rank on the Global Peace Index 2023!

Last Updated on Jun 30, 2024
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The Global Peace Index is an annual report developed by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP). It provides a comprehensive analysis of the state of peace in countries around the world. The index ranks 163 independent states and territories based on a range of indicators. The indicators include the levels of violence, crime, political instability, and militarization. 

The Global Peace Index is one of the important topics for the UPSC IAS exam. It is a part of the Reports and Indices portion of the Mains General Studies Paper-II syllabus. It is also a part of the General Studies Paper-1 of the UPSC Prelims Syllabus.

In this article, we shall study what Global Peace Index, its aim and its methodology is. We will also look into the highlights of the Global Peace Index 2022, 2021 and 2020. 

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What is Global Peace Index?

The Global Peace Index (GPI) is an annual report produced by the Institute for Economics and Peace. The index has been produced annually since 2007. It covers 99.7 percent of the global population. It provides the ranking of 163 nations and territories based on their level of peacefulness. 

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Aim of the Global Peace Index

The aim of the Global Peace Index is to provide a comprehensive analysis of peace and security around the world. By ranking countries according to their level of peacefulness, the GPI aims to:

  • raise awareness of the importance of peace.
  • promote policies and strategies that can help reduce conflicts and violence.
  • stimulate further research and analysis on peace and conflict. 
  • provide policymakers with a tool for monitoring trends and making informed decisions about peace and security.

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Who Publishes the Global Peace Index?

The Global Peace Index is released by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP). It is a think tank based in Sydney, Australia, with offices in New York, The Hague, and Mexico City. The IEP collaborates with the Economist Intelligence Unit to create this index.

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Methodology of Global Peace Index

The Global Peace Index (GPI) is based on a complex methodology. It takes into account a range of indicators and factors related to peace and security. The methodology consists of three fundamental components:

Ongoing Domestic and International Conflict

This component measures the level of violence and conflict within a nation. It also takes into account the nation's involvement in international conflicts. This includes indicators such as: 

  • the number of deaths from organized conflict, 
  • the number of displaced persons, and 
  • the level of political instability.

Societal Safety and Security

This component measures the level of crime and violence within a society. This includes indicators such as:

  • the level of homicide and violent crime, 
  • the perception of criminality, and 
  • the number of people in prison.

Militarization

This component measures the level of military expenditure and the availability of weapons within a country. It also takes into account the country's involvement in armed conflict. This includes indicators such as: 

  • military spending as a percentage of GDP, 
  • the number of armed personnel per 100,000 people, and 
  • the volume of arms exports.

Each of these three components is made up of a range of individual indicators. These are weighted and combined to produce an overall score for each nation. 

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Key Highlights of Global Peace Index 2023

Source: IEP

The Global Peace Index 2023 provides valuable insights into the state of global peacefulness. Here are some key highlights from the index:

  • The average level of global peacefulness deteriorated for the ninth consecutive year. This indicates a concerning trend. While 84 countries showed improvement, 79 countries experienced a deterioration in peace.
  • The Positive Peace Index (PPI) measures attitudes, institutions, and structures that create and sustain peaceful societies. Despite some improvements, the deterioration in peace outweighed the positive changes. This is particularly due to civil unrest, political instability, and regional conflicts in the post-COVID era.
  • The number of deaths from global conflicts increased by 96% to 238,000. Ethiopia witnessed a higher number of conflict deaths than Ukraine. It surpassed the previous peak during the Syrian war. Additionally, 79 countries experienced increased levels of conflict. This includes Ethiopia, Myanmar, Ukraine, Israel, and South Africa.
  • The global economic impact of violence rose by 17% or $1 trillion. It reached $17.5 trillion in 2022, equivalent to 13% of global GDP. A Chinese blockade of Taiwan would cause a significant drop in global economic output. This is almost double the loss experienced during the 2008 global financial crisis.
  • Despite the conflict in Ukraine, 92 countries managed to reduce their military expenditure. 110 countries decreased their military personnel. Conflicts are becoming more internationalized, with 91 countries involved in some form of external conflict, compared to 58 in 2008.

India’s Rank on the Global Peace Index 2023

  • In the 2023 Global Peace Index (GPI), India ranks 126th.
  • The country witnessed a significant improvement of 3.5% in overall peacefulness over the past year.
  • The improvement is attributed to advancements in three key areas: violent crime, relations with neighboring countries, and political stability.
  • The indicator for neighboring countries' relations showed improvement. This is due to fewer incidents of cross-border violence and ceasefire violations with Pakistan and China in 2022.
  • Geopolitical tensions with China reduced, primarily because of fewer border incidents, contributing to an improvement in the political instability indicator.
  • Overall, the reduction in social unrest also played a role in enhancing India's peacefulness.

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Highlights of Global Peace Index 2022

Source: IEP

  • The 16th edition was released in 2022.
  • Global peacefulness slightly decreased by 0.3%.
  • Iceland remained the most peaceful country. Afghanistan was the least peaceful.
  • The Middle East and North Africa showed improvement but remained least peaceful.
  • Europe stayed the most peaceful region.
  • Five countries with the largest deterioration: Ukraine, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Russia, and Haiti.
  • Libya, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the Philippines, and Algeria showed the most improvement.
  • Ongoing Conflict domain had the largest yearly deterioration.

India’s Rank on the Global Peace Index 2022

  • India ranked 135th was considered in the "low" peace category, with a score of 2.578 out of 5.
  • Overall peacefulness increased by 1.4% due to improvements in the ongoing conflict domain.
  • Rise in violent crimes and perceptions of criminality affected the peace ranking.
  • Bhutan topped South Asian nations, ranked 19th.

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Highlights of Global Peace Index 2021

Source: IEP

  • The 15th edition was published in 2021.
  • Global peacefulness declined by 0.07%.
  • Iceland remained the most peaceful country. Afghanistan was the least peaceful.
  • Europe was the most peaceful region.
  • The Middle East and North Africa improved but remained least peaceful.
  • North America experienced the largest regional deterioration.
  • Ongoing Conflict domain improved, while Militarisation and Safety and Security domains deteriorated.

India’s Rank on the Global Peace Index 2021

  • In 2021, India improved by three spots, ranked 135th, with a score of 2.553 out of 5.
  • Overall peacefulness slightly increased by 0.7% due to improvements in the ongoing conflict domain.
  • Bhutan topped South Asian nations, ranked 22nd.

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Conclusion

The Global Peace Index provides valuable insights into the state of peace across the globe. There have been some improvements in peacefulness in certain regions and countries. However, the overall trend over the past decade exhibits a deterioration in global peace. It is important to note that achieving and maintaining peace is an ongoing process. It necessitates the collective efforts of individuals, governments, and organizations. We need to recognize areas that need attention and take action. This can assist us in creating a more peaceful world for everyone.

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Global Peace Index FAQs

India's rank in the World Peace Index 2022 is 135 out of 163 countries.

The Global Peace Index is released by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP). It is based in Sydney, Australia

There are many factors affecting a nation’s peacefulness ranking. This includes levels of violence and crime, political instability, economic conditions, social inequality, and levels of militarization.

The Global Peace Index (GPI) is an annual report that ranks 163 nations on the basis of their levels of peacefulness based on a range of indicators.

Based on the Global Peace Index 2021, Iceland is ranked as the most peaceful country in the world for the 14th consecutive year.
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