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Home / UPSC Editorials / Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin (PMAY-G)

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin (PMAY-G) - UPSC Editorials

Last Updated on Jan 31, 2025
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In the run-up to the Union Budget 2025-26, a unified appeal from over a dozen states, which are mainly BJP-run, has revived the debate over the financial support being given under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin, or PMAY-G, for rural housing. On January 3, in talks with Union Rural Development Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, development ministers of these states sought higher assistance under PMAY-G from the current Rs 1.20-1.30 lakh to Rs 2-2.25 lakh. This appeal is based on increasing construction costs and the need to ensure that the housing scheme meets its ambitious target of providing "Housing for All" by 2022.

Analysis based on 

Editorial published in Why are states pushing for a Rs 1 lakh hike in PMAY-G house assistance? The Hindu on January 30th, 2025

Topics for UPSC Prelims

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Inclusive Growth

Topics for UPSC Mains

Rural Development Schemes in India, Poverty Alleviation

What is Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin?

The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin was launched by the Indian Government in 2016. It was an initiative to realize its much larger agenda of "Housing for All" by the end of 2022. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin aims to provide affordable housing for the rural poor population. It aims to upgrade the rural living conditions by providing financial help to construct quality habitations along with access to basic necessities.

Key Objectives of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin

The PMAY-G scheme's primary objectives include:

  • Significantly reducing the rural housing shortage through loans for house construction.
  • Including marginalized sections such as Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), minorities, and weaker sections of the economy.
  • Idea to promote construction of pucca houses which also have all necessary amenities. This includes sanitation, electricity and clean drinking water.
  • Ensuring gender parity through this program. It was envisioned that all names of owners or joint holders are to be reflected in names of female members being the head or the females holding the rights or ownership to any house.

Read the article on the Integral Rural Development Programme (IRDP)!

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Salient Features of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin (PMAY-G)

The prime characteristics of PMAY-G includes:

  • The scheme would provide financial support of Rs 1.20 lakh for houses in plain areas. It will provide Rs 1.30 lakh for houses in hilly, difficult, and Integrated Action Plan (IAP) districts.
  • The scheme would converge with other schemes such as:
    • Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin for toilet provision,
    • Saubhagya for electricity connections, and
    • Ujjwala Yojana for LPG connections.
  • The Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) 2011 data is used for the identification of beneficiaries so that the most deserving families are benefited.
  • The beneficiaries have the flexibility to select designs that meet their local requirements, preferences, and climatic conditions of the locality.
  • The scheme has training for rural masons and other construction workers so that quality construction takes place, and employment is generated.

Read the article on the List of Latest Government Schemes of India!

Implementation of PMAY-G

The implementation of PMAY-G occurs through the following stages,

  • Identification of Beneficiaries: It is made on the basis of SECC 2011 data and confirmed by Gram Sabha.
  • Sanction and Disbursement: Sanction and disbursement of financial aid in installments based on construction progress.
  • Technical Support: Ensuring quality support with technical inputs for adherence to standards and completing it within due time.
  • Monitoring and Evaluation: It is constantly monitored and evaluated to track its progress, achieve transparency, and rectify if there is anything amiss.

Achievements of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin (PMAY-G)

Since the launch, PMAY-G has been a success story:

  • Housing Stock Creation: As of 2024, more than 1.36 crore houses have been built under PMAY-G, thus providing safe and secure housing to millions of rural families.
  • Improved Living Conditions: The scheme has improved living conditions. It has ensured that houses have access to basic services like toilets, electricity, and clean drinking water.
  • Empowerment of Women: The house ownership policy in women's names empowered women and achieved financial inclusion.
  • Economic Impact: The construction activities have generated significant employment opportunities in rural areas, boosting local economies.

Read the article on the Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India!

Challenges Faced by the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin (PMAY-G)

PMAY-G has faced major challenges even while achieving its objectives successfully:

  • Since the financial support through the scheme is fixed, it has not been able to cope with inflationary construction costs, demanding a rise.
  • In some cases, some of the beneficiaries have problems obtaining land or legal clearances and house construction gets delayed.
  • The overall quality consistency is not maintained. This is due to regional variability in geographical location and local construction practices.
  • The convergence with other schemes of the government at the grass-root level is always a problem.
  • Monitoring and supervision is also a problem especially in remote areas and it calls for enormous efforts.

Read the article on the Difference between Urban and Rural Areas!

Difference Between PMAY Gramin and PMAY Urban

The table below gives the differences between PMAY Gramin & PMAY Urban:

Difference Between PMAY Gramin and PMAY Urban 

Parameter

PMAY Gramin

PMAY Urban

Objective

Provide housing in rural areas

Provide housing in urban areas

Target Population

Rural poor

Urban poor and economically weaker sections

Financial Assistance

Rs 1.2 lakh - Rs 1.3 lakh per house

Subsidy on home loans and affordable housing projects

Beneficiary Identification

SECC 2011 data

Based on annual income and eligibility criteria

Implementation Model

Beneficiary-driven construction

Public-private partnership, credit-linked subsidy

Read the article on the Agrarian Class Structure in India!

Other Rural Infrastructure Development Schemes

Apart from PMAY-G, the government has undertaken a series of other programs to upgrade rural infrastructure. These include:

Hope all your questions about the topic have been answered by reading the editorial. Prepare well for UPSC IAS exams by downloading the Testbook App here!

UPSC Practice Question
  1. Discuss the significance of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) in addressing rural housing shortages in India. How does it contribute to the overall rural development agenda of the government?
  2. Evaluate the challenges faced by the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) in its implementation. Suggest measures to enhance its effectiveness and ensure that it meets its "Housing for All" target.

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