Difference between OSI and TCP/IP Model: Similarities and Differences

The OSI(Open Systems Interconnection) Model is a logical and conceptual representation that defines network communication practiced by systems open to interconnection and communication with other systems. On the other hand, TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol ) assists the users to determine how a particular computer should be connected to the internet and how one can forward data between them. It helps the user’s to build a virtual network when multiple computer networks are connected. 

This article brings to you the difference between the TCP/IP model and the OSI model in a tabular format that would be helpful for all your Computer Awareness-related examinations. 

Similarities Within the OSI and TCP/IP Model

Before moving towards the comparison, let us have a look at the similarities between the TCP/IP model and the OSI model. 

• Both the models possess layered architecture.
• Layers present similar functionalities.
• In both models, protocols are specified in a layer-wise fashion.
• Both TCP/IP and OSI are reference models.
• In both models, data is split into packets and the individual packet may take the specific route from the source to the destination.
• The layers in the models when compared with one another. The physical layer and the data link layer of the OSI model correspond to the network interface layer of the TCP/IP model.
• The session, presentation layer, and the application layer of the OSI model collectively form the application layer of the TCP/IP model.
• The network and transport layers are the same in both the TCP/IP and OSI models.

Learn more about the Types of Computer Network Devices here.

OSI vs TCP/IP

OSI Model	TCP/IP Model
OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection	TCP/IP implies Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
It is a structured model with independent standard and generic protocol that deals with the functioning of a network and establishes a communication gateway between the network and the end-user.	It constitutes standard protocols that drive the development of the internet. It is a communication protocol that implements a connection among the hosts over a network.
The OSI model was developed by ISO (International Standard Organization) in 1984.	The TCP/IP model was developed by ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) in 1982.
It consists of 7 layers: Starting from the bottom they are the Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application layer.	It consists of 4 layers: Starting from the bottom they are the Network Interface, Internet, Transport, and Application layer.
The OSI model follows a vertical approach.	The TCP/IP model follows a horizontal approach.
The OSI is a reference model, following which a network is designed.	The TCP/IP is an implementation of the OSI Model.
In the OSI model, the physical layer and the data link layer are separate layers.	In TCP, physical and data link layers are merged as a single network layer.
Session Layer and presentation layers are a component of the OSI model.	There is no distinct session and presentation layer in the TCP model.
The OSI model describes the protocols, services, and interfaces as well as provides a precise distinction between them. The OSI model is a protocol-independent model.	The TCP/IP doesn’t have any clear distinguishing amongst the services, protocols, and interfaces. The TCP/IP model is protocol-dependent.
The OSI model provides standardization to devices like routers, switches, motherboards, and other hardware devices.	The TCP/IP model does not provide standardization to the devices, however, it gives a connection between different computers.

Check this article on  Computer Abbreviations.

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