Which of the following soils has the highest water-retaining capacity?

The correct answer is Black Soil.

Key Points

• Black soil, also known as Regur soil, has the highest water-retaining capacity due to its high clay content.
• It is predominantly found in the Deccan Plateau regions of India, including Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
• The soil is rich in nutrients like calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime, which further enhance its ability to retain moisture.
• Black soil is highly suitable for cultivating crops like cotton, sugarcane, wheat, and pulses due to its moisture-retaining ability.
• Its unique property of forming deep cracks during dry seasons helps in air circulation and improves soil fertility.

Additional Information

• Water-retaining capacity:
  • This refers to the ability of soil to hold water and make it available for plant growth.
  • Clayey soils, like black soil, have a higher water-retaining capacity compared to sandy soils.
• Red Soil:
  • Found in areas with high iron oxide content, giving it a reddish appearance.
  • It has low water-retaining capacity and is less fertile compared to black soil.
• Alluvial Soil:
  • Highly fertile and found in river basins, but its water-retaining capacity is moderate.
  • Suitable for crops like rice, wheat, and sugarcane.
• Desert Soil:
  • Found in arid regions like Rajasthan and Gujarat.
  • It is sandy, has very low water-retaining capacity, and requires irrigation for cultivation.
• Clay content importance:
  • Clay particles are small and have a high surface area, allowing them to retain moisture effectively.
  • Soils with higher clay content are generally better at holding water and nutrients.