Which informal logical fallacy is committed in the following argument - No one has shown that aliens did not create the crop circles. So the crop circles must have been made by the aliens?

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UGC NET Paper 1: Held on 8 Oct 2022 Shift 2
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  1. Begging the question
  2. Appeal to Ignorance
  3. Fallacy of accident
  4. Appeal to authority

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Appeal to Ignorance
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UGC NET Paper 1: Held on 21st August 2024 Shift 1
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A logical fallacy is a mistake in reasoning that reduces the strength and persuasiveness of an argument. 

Key Points

  • There are two main types of fallacies: Formal fallacy and informal fallacy. 
  • An informal fallacy is an error in the argument's form, content, or context.
  • Argument from ignorance is a mistake in informal logic when ignorance stands in for a lack of evidence to prove. 
  • It claims that the statement is true because its falsity has not yet been shown.
  • In above Questions, no one can prove that aliens did not create crop circles. 

Thus, Appeal to Ignorance informal logical fallacy is committed in the argument - No one has shown that aliens did not create the crop circles. So, the crop circles must have been made by the aliens.

Additional Information

  • Begging the question: the premises of an argument assume that conclusion instead of supporting them. 
  • Fallacy of accident: It occurs when an argument that appears in a statistical syllogism when an exception to a general rule is disregarded.
  • Appeal to authority: It occurs is the mistaken belief that something is true just because an authoritative person said it. 
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