Which of the following causes are responsible for the problems of tribals in India to be serious?

(a) Decline of tribal culture

(b) Forest laws

(c) Displacement due to development projects

(d) Conversion of tribals

The correct answer is (a), (c) and (d).

Key Points Decline of tribal culture:

• The decline of tribal culture can result from various factors, including urbanization, assimilation into mainstream society, and cultural homogenization.
• This can lead to loss of traditional practices, languages, customs, and values, which are integral to the identity and well-being of tribal communities.

Displacement due to development projects:

• Large-scale development projects like dams, mines, and industrial complexes can result in the displacement of tribal communities from their traditional lands and habitats.
• This can lead to loss of livelihoods, cultural disruption, and social dislocation, as they are forced to relocate to unfamiliar environments without adequate compensation or rehabilitation.

 Conversion of tribals:

• The conversion of tribal people to religions other than their traditional ones can sometimes lead to social marginalization, cultural alienation, and loss of identity.
• These conversions might be accompanied by economic and social incentives, which can impact the socio-cultural fabric of tribal communities.

Hence option (a), (c) and (d) is correct.

It's important to note that these causes are interconnected and can often amplify each other's effects. Additionally, there might be other factors specific to each tribal community that contribute to their challenges. Addressing these problems requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the unique cultural, socio-economic, and historical contexts of each tribal group.