Question
Download Solution PDFयदि u = (x, t) प्रारंभिक मान समस्या का हल निम्न है:
\(\left\{\begin{array}{ll} u_{t}=u_{x x}, & x \in \mathbb{R}, t>0 \\ u(x, 0)=\sin (4 x)+x+1, & x \in \mathbb{R} \end{array}\right.\)
जो सभी x ∈ ℝ और t > 0 के लिए |u(x. t)| < \(\rm 3e^{x^2}\) को संतुष्ट करता है, तब
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFव्याख्या:
दिया गया है
\(u_t = u_{xx}, \quad x \in \mathbb{R}, t > 0\) प्रारंभिक प्रतिबंध के साथ
\(u(x, 0) = \sin(4x) + x + 1, \quad x \in \mathbb{R}\)
जो अनंत प्रांत के लिए एक ऊष्मा समीकरण है।
इसलिए हल है:
u(x, t) = \({1\over \sqrt{4\pi ct}}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{(x-y)^2\over 4c^2t}}f(y)dy\)
यहाँ f(x) = sin 4x + x + 1 और c = 1 तब
u(x, t) = \({1\over \sqrt{4\pi t}}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{(x-y)^2\over 4t}}(\sin 4y+y+1)dy\)....(i)
(1): \(\rm u\left(\frac{\pi}{8}, 1\right)\) = \({1\over \sqrt{4\pi }}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{(\frac{\pi}{8}-y)^2\over 4}}(\sin 4y+y+1)dy\)
मान लीजिए, \({\pi\over 8}-y=u\Rightarrow dy=-du\) इसलिए
\(\rm u\left(\frac{\pi}{8}, 1\right)\) = \({1\over \sqrt{4\pi }}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{u^2\over 4}}(\sin 4(\frac{\pi}{8}-u)+(\frac{\pi}{8}-u)+1)du\)
\(\rm u\left(\frac{\pi}{8}, 1\right)\) = \({1\over \sqrt{4\pi }}\left[\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{u^2\over 4}}\cos 4udu+\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{u^2\over 4}}(\frac{\pi}{8}-u)+\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{u^2\over 4}}du\right]\)......(ii)
और \(\rm u\left(-\frac{\pi}{8}, 1\right)\) = \({1\over \sqrt{4\pi }}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{(-\frac{\pi}{8}-y)^2\over 4}}(\sin 4y+y+1)dy\)
मान लीजिए \({\pi\over 8}+y=u\Rightarrow dy=du\) इसलिए
\(\rm u\left(-\frac{\pi}{8}, 1\right)\) = \({1\over \sqrt{4\pi }}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{u^2\over 4}}(\sin 4(-\frac{\pi}{8}+u)+(-\frac{\pi}{8}+u)+1)du\)
\(\rm u\left(-\frac{\pi}{8}, 1\right)\) = \({1\over \sqrt{4\pi }}\left[-\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{u^2\over 4}}\cos 4udu-\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{u^2\over 4}}(\frac{\pi}{8}-u)+\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{u^2\over 4}}du\right]\).....(iii)
(ii) और (iii) को जोड़ने पर हमें मिलता है
\(\rm u\left(\frac{\pi}{8}, 1\right)+u\left(-\frac{\pi}{8},1\right)\) = \({2\over \sqrt{4\pi }}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{u^2\over 4}}du\)
= \({1\over \sqrt{\pi }}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-{u^2\over 4}}du\)
= \({1\over \sqrt{\pi }}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-p^2}2dp\) (मान लीजिए कि u = 2p तब du = 2dp)
= \({1\over \sqrt{\pi }}.2\sqrt \pi\,\,(\because\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-p^2}dp=\sqrt\pi)\)
= 2
(1) सही है।
(ii) और (iii) से हम देख सकते हैं कि (2), (3), (4) गलत हैं।
Last updated on Jun 23, 2025
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