Deduction proceeds from

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Official Paper 5: Held on 29 Sep 2020 Shift 1

Answer 1

Deduction proceeds from Universal to particular.

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The reasoning is the process of using existing knowledge to conclude, make predictions, or construct explanations. Three methods of reasoning are:

Deductive reasoning

Also known as relations, it starts with a general rule and proceeds a guaranteed specific conclusion. In this, if the original statements are true, the conclusion must also be true.
Each relation is uniquely defined by truth-conditions. Immediate inference provides an opportunity to understand how logic and mathematics have crossed. Apart from verbal description, diagrammatic representation also accurately describes these relations. A modern analysis helps us to understand the limitations and defects of the traditional approach which results in the rejection of several relations as invalid which were, otherwise, accepted as valid.

Inductive reasoning

It proceeds from specific generalized conclusion. Conclusions drawn by the inductive method are not logical necessities. It does not guarantee the conclusion. This is because there is no way to know that all the possible evidence has been gathered and that there exists no further bit of unobserved evidence that might invalidate my hypothesis.
For example, the newspapers may report the conclusions of scientific research as absolutes, scientific literature itself uses more cautious language.