Software Development Models MCQ Quiz in తెలుగు - Objective Question with Answer for Software Development Models - ముఫ్త్ [PDF] డౌన్‌లోడ్ కరెన్

The spiral model was originally proposed by Barry Boehm. The spiral model is a risk-driven process model generator for software projects. Based on the unique risk patterns of a given project, the spiral model guides a team to adopt elements of one or more process models, such as incremental, waterfall, or evolutionary prototyping. This model was first described by Barry Boehm in his 1986 paper "A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement".

Concept:

The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is a methodology used to develop and refine an organization's software development process. The model describes a five-level evolutionary path of increasingly organized and systematically more mature processes.

The Waterfall model is a breakdown of project activities into linear sequential phases, where each phase depends on the deliverables of the previous one and corresponds to a specialization of tasks.

The Prototyping model is a systems development method in which a prototype is built, tested, and then reworked as necessary until an acceptable outcome is achieved from which the complete system or product can be developed.

Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a form of agile software development methodology that prioritizes rapid prototype releases and iterations. Unlike the Waterfall method, RAD emphasizes the use of software and user feedback over strict planning and requirements recording.

Hence Option 1 is correct

Answer: Option 1

Concept: 

Spiral Model: 

The spiral model, initially proposed by Boehm, is an evolutionary software process model that couples the iterative feature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the linear sequential model.

Determining Objective: Each cycle in the spiral starts with the identification of purpose for that cycle, the various alternatives that are possible for achieving the targets, and the constraints that exist.

Risk Assessment and reduction: The next phase in the cycle is to calculate these various alternatives based on the goals and constraints. The focus of evaluation in this stage is located on the risk perception for the project.

Development and validation: The next phase is to develop strategies that resolve uncertainties and risks. This process may include activities such as benchmarking, simulation, and prototyping.

Planning: Finally, the next step is planned. The project is reviewed, and a choice made whether to continue with a further period of the spiral. If it is determined to keep, plans are drawn up for the next step of the project.

Explanation:

The spiral of software development remains operative until the software is retired. Hence Option 1 is the correct answer.

In Waterfall model software development begins at the system level and progresses through analysis, design, coding, testing, and support.

Software design is actually a multistep process that focuses on four distinct attributes of a program: data structure, software architecture, interface representations, and procedural detail. Like requirements, the design is documented and becomes part of the software configuration.

The correct answer is option 3.

Concept:

 Waterfall Methodology:

One of the most widely used software development approaches is the Waterfall Methodology. This life cycle model is considered a traditional approach to software development by most firms. In a linear sequential flow, this model simplifies the software development process.

• We should always double-check that the previous step of the development cycle is complete before moving on to the next.
• This is a stiff linear model used in conventional software development.
• This method of development does not specify how to return to a prior phase to address changes in requirements.

Explanation:

The waterfall approach is unsuitable for projects that require ongoing maintenance. The biggest disadvantage of this strategy is that once an application has been tested, it is not advised to go back and make any modifications to the final program because this might cause a lot of issues. 

Hence the correct answer is Waterfall development methodology.

The correct answer is option 3.

Concept:

Scrum is an agile software development approach that is built on iterative and incremental procedures. Scrum is an agile framework that is adaptive, rapid, flexible, and successful in delivering value to the client throughout the project's development.

• The primary purpose of Scrum is to meet the needs of the customer through an atmosphere of communication transparency, collaborative accountability, and continual improvement.
• The development process begins with a rough understanding of what needs to be produced, followed by the creation of a list of characteristics ordered by priority (product backlog) that the product's owner desires.
• Scrum is a natural progression of Agile Management. Scrum methodology is founded on a set of extremely specific procedures and responsibilities that must be followed during the software development process.
• Scrum is implemented in short, periodic chunks called sprints, which typically last 2 to 4 weeks and are used for feedback and reflection.

Hence the correct answer is Agile development methodology.

The correct answer is option 4. 

Solution :

• The waterfall model is best suited if requirements are easily understandable & defined.
• The spiral model is similar to the incremental development for a system, with more emphasis placed on risk analysis. The spiral model has four phases: Planning, Design, Construct, and Evaluation.

The correct answer is option 1.

Concept:

Structured design is the breakdown of a problem into a number of well-organized solution components. It is primarily concerned with the design of the solution.

• A structure chart is a fundamental tool used in the structured design.
• Structured design has the advantage of providing a clearer knowledge of how the problem is being solved.
• The structured design also makes it easier for the designer to focus more precisely on the challenge..

Hence the correct answer is a structure chart.

Additional Information

•  A module is a software component or portion of a program that contains one or more procedures. A program is made up of one or more modules that were built independently.
• A program flowchart is a data flow diagram that depicts the data flow when creating a program or algorithm. It enables the user to easily describe the process as they work with others.

Data

LOC = lines of code 

Let L1  = x and L2 = 2x

Calculation:

Total cost of the project:

100x + 500000 = 150x + 250000

∴ 50x = 500000 – 250000

∴ x = 

∴ L1 = x = 5000

There are several models to ensure secure development. One model is secure software development lifecycle model of Microsoft based on waterfall SDLC model. It consists of seven phases which are:

1^st Training:

It emphasizes on how important it is that programmers and other team members have acquired adequate skills for their job.

2^nd Requirements:

Analyzes security and privacy risk and define quality gates.

3^rd Design:

Includes threat modelling and attack surface analysis

4^th Implementation:

Implement the specific design.

5^th Verification:

Verify attack model/ threat surface.

6^th Release:

Includes response plan and final security review.

7^th Response:

Response execution in this phase.