Computer Networks MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for Computer Networks - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

The Correct answer is A, B and C.

Key Points

• Star Topology:
  • ​A star topology is designed with each node (file server, workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub, switch, or concentrator.
  • Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination.
  • The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the network.
  • It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.
  • This configuration is common with twisted pair cable; however, it can also be used with coaxial cable or fiber optic cable.

• Ring Topology;
  • ​In ring topology each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node - a ring.
  • Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet.
  • Because a ring topology provides only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks may be disrupted by the failure of a single link.
  • A node failure or cable break might isolate every node attached to the ring.

• Tree or Expanded Star Topology:
  • ​A tree topology combines characteristics of linear bus and star topologies.
  • It consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable.
  • Tree topologies allow for the expansion of an existing network, and enable schools to configure a network to meet their needs.​

• internetworking:
  • Internetworking refers to the process of establishing communication and data exchange between different computer networks.
  • It involves connecting multiple networks, often using different communication protocols or technologies, to create a larger, more extensive network.
  • The main goal of internetworking is to facilitate seamless and efficient data transfer between various interconnected networks, enabling users to access resources and services across different networks as if they were part of a single, unified network.

The Correct answer is Peer-to-peer software.

Key Points

• Network Operating Software (NOS):
  • ​Network Operating Software (NOS) encompasses software and protocols that enable interconnected computers to function cooperatively and efficiently.
  • Unlike traditional operating systems like Windows or DOS, NOS operates across multiple computers, managing the operation of a network by controlling user access, resource allocation, and security.
  • It facilitates the sharing of files and peripherals (disks, printers) and ensures data integrity and security.
  • Examples of NOS include NetWare, LAN Manager, Solaris, and Windows 2000.
• Main Categories of NOS:
  • Peer-to-Peer Software
    • Description: Allows users to share resources and files directly between computers without a central server. Each computer has equal status and capabilities, and users manage their own machines.
    • Example: Windows 98 environments and workgroups.
  • Client-Server Based (Two-Tier):
    • ​​Description: Divides the software into two parts - server and client. The server part, residing on dedicated computers, handles functions and services, ensuring security and resource access. The client part is on other computers, accessing server resources.
    • Examples: Novell NetWare, Windows NT, UNIX, Windows 2000.
  • Client-Server Based (Three-Tier):
    • Description: Extends the two-tier architecture by splitting the client software into the user interface (thin client) and logic.
    • The logic part moves to a new server, managing access and data processing, while the original server functions continue unchanged.

The Correct answer is LANs cover a smaller geographic area, typically within a single building or campus.

Key Points

• A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
•  LANs are typically configured in a star, bus, or ring.
• Features of LAN:
  • Limited Geographic Limits.
  • A limited number of users
  • Reliability and Stability
  • Flexibility
  • Security and Administration.

Additional Information

• WAN (Wide Area Network):
  • ​Wide Area Network is a computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local area networks (LANs),
  • They can connect networks across cities, states, or even countries.
  • Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as telephone systems.
  • Types of WAN:
    • Enterprise WAN − These computers are located in different geographical regions that belong to one organization. It is for authorized persons only.

Global WAN − It belongs to a different group of organizations. It is accessible to everyone.

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):
  • Metropolitan Area Network is a Computer network designed for a town or city.
  • In terms of geographic area, MANs are larger than local-area networks (LANs) but smaller than wide-area networks (WANs).
  • MANs are usually characterized by very high-speed connections using fiber optical cable or other digital media.
  • The Typical Characteristics of a MAN are: 
    • Confined to a larger area than a LAN and can range from 10km to a few 100km in length.
    • Slower than a LAN but faster than a WAN.
    • Operates at a speed of 1.5 to 150 Mbps.
    • Expensive equipment. 
    • Moderate error rates.

• Gateways:
  • ​Gateways consist of software and hardware that are required to interconnect networks amongst them.
  • Gateways contend with any differences in packet sizes, protocols, and addressing methods between the two networks it connects.
  • Gateways are also used to connect LANs to WANs and WANs,

The Correct answer is A, B and D.

Key Points

Basic Components of Computer Networks:

• Network Hardware:
  • ​Servers: These are high-performance computers responsible for managing network resources. They typically come with higher power and speed compared to other computers.
  • Clients/Nodes: These are the computers that access resources managed by the server. In a peer-to-peer network, there are no centralized servers; all computers are equal.
• Transmission Media:
  • ​Guided Media: Data is transmitted through physical paths such as cables.
    • Coaxial Cable: Similar to television cables.
    • Twisted Pair Copper Wire: Looks like phone cables and comes in shielded and unshielded varieties.
    • Optical Fiber Cable: Uses light to transmit data, offering high-speed connections.
  • Unguided Media: Data is sent using radio waves and microwaves, requiring no physical wire.
• Network Operating Software (NOS):
  • ​Network operating software manages autonomous computer systems interconnected by a network, allowing them to operate together efficiently. It controls access, resource sharing, and security.
  • Types of NOS:
    • Peer-to-Peer Software: All computers in the network have equal capabilities, with no central server. An example is the Windows 98 environment.
    • Client-Server Based (Two Tier): The software is divided into two parts—server and client. The server part ensures resource security and accessibility, while the client part, residing on other nodes, accesses these resources. Examples include Novell NetWare and Windows NT.
    • Client-Server Based (Three Tier): Adds an additional server layer, dividing the client software into a user-interface (thin client) and logic part, making the architecture more scalable.

The correct answer is Devices with embedded hardware to communicate.

Key Points

• IoT (Internet of Things) refers to a network of physical devices that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet.
• These devices, often referred to as "smart" devices, can include anything from household appliances and wearable technology to industrial machines and city infrastructure.
• The main purpose of IoT is to collect and share data to improve efficiency, productivity, and enable new services.
• Embedded hardware in these devices typically includes sensors, actuators, and communication hardware which allow them to interact with their environment and other devices.
• Examples of IoT devices include smart thermostats, fitness trackers, smart refrigerators, and automated manufacturing equipment.
• IoT systems often use protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and cellular networks to communicate.

 Additional Information

• Computers with graphics card
  • Computers with graphics cards are primarily used for tasks requiring high-performance graphics processing, such as gaming, video editing, and 3D rendering.
  • They are not specifically designed for IoT applications, which typically require low power consumption and specialized communication capabilities.
• Routers with IP addresses
  • Routers are networking devices that forward data packets between computer networks, but they are not IoT devices themselves.
  • While routers play a crucial role in enabling communication between IoT devices, they do not have embedded hardware for sensing or interacting with their environment.
• Servers that process data
  • Servers are powerful computers designed to manage network resources and process data, often in a centralized location.
  • While they are important in the backend of IoT systems for data processing and storage, they do not constitute the IoT network of devices themselves.

The Correct answer is Regional Area Network (RAN).

Key Points

WAN:

• A wide area network(WAN) connects computers in different cities or countries.
• The network to connect computers that are thousands of miles apart is not built by an organization. Instead, the organization uses leased telephone lines.
• It is owned and managed collectively by many cooperating organizations. 

LAN:

• A local area network(LAN) connects computers that are in the same building.
• A network spread over a few kilometers also comes under LAN.
• The LAN is usually realized using Ethernet technology or token ring technology. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is also becoming popular.
• LAN or Local Area Network connects network devices in such a way that personal computers and workstations can share data, tools, and programs.
• Usually, LAN is under the control of a single organization.
• The prime objective of LAN is to facilitate information and resource sharing within an organization. 

MAN:

• It stands for the "Metropolitan Area Network."
• A MAN is a network that spans a large area, such as a town or city.
• MAN network covers a larger area by connecting LANs to a larger network of computers.
• It is larger than a campus area network (CAN) but smaller than a wide area network (WAN).
• An example of a MAN is a series of wireless routers distributed across a city.

The Correct answer is Radio Switching;

Key Points

• A switching system is designed as an organized assembly of switching elements to establish a shared path between any two remote points.
• Its primary function is to facilitate the transfer of data packets between devices within a network or across different networks, employing specialized components known as switches.
• Three main types of switching methods are utilized in these systems: Message Switching, Circuit Switching, and Packet Switching.
• Circuit Switching
  • ​Circuit switching is a technology used in telecommunication networks in which two network nodes are connected by a dedicated communication Chanel call circuit.
  • The circuit is to be established before starting the communication of data.
  • A Circuit dedicates the full bandwidth of Chanel for the entire duration of the communication process.
  • Once the circuit is established between two nodes through many intermediary nodes it will look like the nodes are physically connected.
  • Delay in transmission is always constant in a circuit due to the dedicated Chanel.

• Packet switching
  • Packet switching​ is a method of data transmission that involves breaking down transmitted data into smaller blocks known as 'packets.'
  • Each packet is then assigned a unique number and sent across the network independently.
  • At the destination, the packets are reassembled into the original data.
  • There are two types of packet switching: connection-oriented and connectionless. 
  • Connectionless packet switching
    • ​Connectionless packet switching, known as datagram switching, involves the transmission of multiple individual packets with complete routing information.
    • Each packet includes the destination and source addresses, as well as header information about the total number of packets.
    • This technique may lead to out-of-order delivery due to different transmission paths.
    • However, the receiving device rearranges the packets upon arrival, ensuring the proper delivery of the original message.
  • Connection-oriented packet switching
    • ​Connection-oriented packet switching, often referred to as virtual circuit switching, encompasses the organization and numbering of data packets.
    • These packets are transmitted in a sequential manner along predefined paths.
    • This sequential transmission eliminates the necessity for address information.

• Message Switching:
  • Message switching, a historical data transmission method predating packet switching, involves breaking down a message into fixed-length frames.
  • These frames are independently transmitted through the network, with intermediate nodes storing them until the complete message is received.
  • Unlike packet switching, message switching employs a store-and-forward approach, where each intermediate node stores the entire message until forwarding it to the next node.
  • This method may lead to longer transmission times as the complete message can only be transmitted once all parts are received by an intermediate node.

The Correct answer is Between LAN and WAN.

 Key Points

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):
  • ​A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a computer network that links users to computer resources within a geographic area, typically the size of a metropolitan region.
  • It involves connecting local area networks (LANs) in a city to create a larger network, enabling efficient connectivity to a wide area network (WAN).
  • Additionally, the term MAN is used to depict the linking of multiple LANs in a metropolitan area through point-to-point connections.
  • MANs typically span a city or a large campus, connecting multiple LANs within that specific metropolitan area.
  • They offer higher data transfer rates compared to WANs and are often used to interconnect various LANs in different buildings or locations within the same city.

Additional Information

• Local Area Network (LAN):
  • ​LAN is a network that is limited to a small geographic area, such as a single building or a campus.
  • It provides high data transfer rates within a confined area and is typically used for connecting computers, printers, and other devices within an organization.
• Wide Area Network (WAN):
  • WAN is a network that spans a large geographic area, such as a country, continent, or even globally.
  • WANs use various communication technologies, including leased lines, satellites, and public networks, to connect LANs and MANs across different locations.
  • Due to the broader coverage, WANs may experience lower data transfer rates compared to LANs and MANs.

The Correct answer is B and D.

Key Points

• Network Interface Card (NIC):
  • ​All equipment that is expected to connect to a network requires a simple connection device called NIC.
  • Generally, a PC comes out with an inbuilt NIC with a RJ45 connector.
  • Patch cords from a network device such as a hub, switch, etc. can be plugged directly into the NIC port.
  • All network equipment and NICs will have a unique physical address globally called MAC (Media Access Control) address in hexadecimal form which is basic for the Ethernet frame to locate a physical address in the segmented network. 
• Hub:
  • ​Hubs are simple network devices that work on broadcasting principles to connect segments of a LAN.
  • All nodes connected to a central hub which has multiple ports will receive signals from all nodes and the hub will then broadcast the signal to all nodes.
  • The targeted recipient will receive the packets and others will discard the packets.
  • When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
  • Each and every packet travels to all nodes irrespective of its destination.
  • This creates traffic as well as collision in the network.
  • Though a simple network can be created with hubs, reliability, and stability are very poor when using hubs.

• Switch:
  • ​The switch is a more dedicated device for the transmission of packets which filters and forwards packets between LAN segments.
  • Switches are of two types based on their working nature.
  • Simple switches operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and advanced ones work on the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI Reference Model.
  • layer 3 switches are generally managed switches and a VLAN (Virtual LAN) segmentation can be done for each network segment.
  • Though Hub and Switch look similar, the functionality is different while dealing with packet transmission.
  • Collision and heavy traffic can be managed with a switch.
  • Hub is a broadcasting device and switch is a unicasting device because switches have memory elements to store MAC address.

• Router/Gateway:
  • ​The router is an intelligent device that forwards data packets along the right network path.
  • A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP.s network.
  • Routers are required to interconnect different LAN segments located at the gateway level.
  • Routers use additional data like headers and a forwarding table to determine the best path for forwarding the packets.
  • Routers also use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts.

The correct answer is  Datagram switching.

Key Points

• Packet switching
  • Packet switching​ is a method of data transmission that involves breaking down transmitted data into smaller blocks known as 'packets.'
  • Each packet is then assigned a unique number and sent across the network independently.
  • At the destination, the packets are reassembled into the original data.
  • There are two types of packet switching: connection-oriented and connectionless. 
  • Connectionless packet switching
    • ​Connectionless packet switching, known as datagram switching, involves the transmission of multiple individual packets with complete routing information.
    • Each packet includes the destination and source addresses, as well as header information about the total number of packets.
    • This technique may lead to out-of-order delivery due to different transmission paths.
    • However, the receiving device rearranges the packets upon arrival, ensuring the proper delivery of the original message.
  • Connection-oriented packet switching
    • ​Connection-oriented packet switching, often referred to as virtual circuit switching, encompasses the organization and numbering of data packets.
    • These packets are transmitted in a sequential manner along predefined paths.
    • This sequential transmission eliminates the necessity for address information.

Additional Information

• Circuit Switching
  • ​Circuit switching is a technology used in telecommunication networks in which two network nodes are connected by a dedicated communication Chanel call circuit.
  • The circuit is to be established before starting the communication of data.
  • A Circuit dedicates the full bandwidth of Chanel for the entire duration of the communication process.
  • Once the circuit is established between two nodes through many intermediary nodes it will look like the nodes are physically connected.
  • Delay in transmission is always constant in a circuit due to the dedicated Chanel.

• Cell Switching
  • ​Cell switching is high-speed switching technology to overcome the speed problem faced in circuit and packet switching.
  • Cell switching uses a connection-oriented packet-switched network.
  • Fixed-sized cell (53 bytes in ATM) is used in cell switching.
  • While packet-switching technology is used for variable-linked packets. This technique is also used in DSL and ISDN.
  • The disadvantage is there is no flow control or error control.
  • Cell switching can handle multiple data types such as voice, video, and data.
  • Cell switching combines the best features of circuit switching for guaranteed delivery and packet switching for efficiency.