Computer Networks MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for Computer Networks - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

The correct answer is Devices with embedded hardware to communicate.

Key Points

• IoT (Internet of Things) refers to a network of physical devices that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet.
• These devices, often referred to as "smart" devices, can include anything from household appliances and wearable technology to industrial machines and city infrastructure.
• The main purpose of IoT is to collect and share data to improve efficiency, productivity, and enable new services.
• Embedded hardware in these devices typically includes sensors, actuators, and communication hardware which allow them to interact with their environment and other devices.
• Examples of IoT devices include smart thermostats, fitness trackers, smart refrigerators, and automated manufacturing equipment.
• IoT systems often use protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and cellular networks to communicate.

 Additional Information

• Computers with graphics card
  • Computers with graphics cards are primarily used for tasks requiring high-performance graphics processing, such as gaming, video editing, and 3D rendering.
  • They are not specifically designed for IoT applications, which typically require low power consumption and specialized communication capabilities.
• Routers with IP addresses
  • Routers are networking devices that forward data packets between computer networks, but they are not IoT devices themselves.
  • While routers play a crucial role in enabling communication between IoT devices, they do not have embedded hardware for sensing or interacting with their environment.
• Servers that process data
  • Servers are powerful computers designed to manage network resources and process data, often in a centralized location.
  • While they are important in the backend of IoT systems for data processing and storage, they do not constitute the IoT network of devices themselves.

The Correct answer is Star topology.

Key Points

• Star Topology:
  • ​A star topology is designed with each node (file server, workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub, switch, or concentrator.
  • Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination.
  • The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the network.
  • It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.
  • This configuration is common with twisted pair cable; however, it can also be used with coaxial cable or fiber optic cable.

Additional Information

• Ring Topology;
  • ​In ring topology each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node - a ring.
  • Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet.
  • Because a ring topology provides only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks may be disrupted by the failure of a single link.
  • A node failure or cable break might isolate every node attached to the ring.

• Bus topology:
  • Linear bus topology is a type of network topology where each device connects one after the other in a sequential chain
  • The bus topology is designed in such a way that all the stations are connected through a single cable known as a backbone cable.
  • Each node is either connected to the backbone cable by drop cable or directly connected to the backbone cable.
  • The bus topology is mainly used in 802.3 (ethernet) and 802.4 standard networks.
  • The configuration of a bus topology is quite simpler compared to other topologies.
  • The backbone cable is considered a "single lane" through which the message is broadcast to all the stations.
  • The most common access method of the bus topologies is CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access).
• Tree
  • A tree topology combines the characteristics of bus topology and star topology.
  • A tree topology is a type of structure in which all the computers are connected with each other in a hierarchical fashion.
  • The top-most node in tree topology is known as a root node, and all other nodes are the descendants of the root node.
  • There is only one path that exists between two nodes for the data transmission. Thus, it forms a parent-child hierarchy.

The Correct answer is Radio Switching;

Key Points

• A switching system is designed as an organized assembly of switching elements to establish a shared path between any two remote points.
• Its primary function is to facilitate the transfer of data packets between devices within a network or across different networks, employing specialized components known as switches.
• Three main types of switching methods are utilized in these systems: Message Switching, Circuit Switching, and Packet Switching.
• Circuit Switching
  • ​Circuit switching is a technology used in telecommunication networks in which two network nodes are connected by a dedicated communication Chanel call circuit.
  • The circuit is to be established before starting the communication of data.
  • A Circuit dedicates the full bandwidth of Chanel for the entire duration of the communication process.
  • Once the circuit is established between two nodes through many intermediary nodes it will look like the nodes are physically connected.
  • Delay in transmission is always constant in a circuit due to the dedicated Chanel.

• Packet switching
  • Packet switching​ is a method of data transmission that involves breaking down transmitted data into smaller blocks known as 'packets.'
  • Each packet is then assigned a unique number and sent across the network independently.
  • At the destination, the packets are reassembled into the original data.
  • There are two types of packet switching: connection-oriented and connectionless. 
  • Connectionless packet switching
    • ​Connectionless packet switching, known as datagram switching, involves the transmission of multiple individual packets with complete routing information.
    • Each packet includes the destination and source addresses, as well as header information about the total number of packets.
    • This technique may lead to out-of-order delivery due to different transmission paths.
    • However, the receiving device rearranges the packets upon arrival, ensuring the proper delivery of the original message.
  • Connection-oriented packet switching
    • ​Connection-oriented packet switching, often referred to as virtual circuit switching, encompasses the organization and numbering of data packets.
    • These packets are transmitted in a sequential manner along predefined paths.
    • This sequential transmission eliminates the necessity for address information.

• Message Switching:
  • Message switching, a historical data transmission method predating packet switching, involves breaking down a message into fixed-length frames.
  • These frames are independently transmitted through the network, with intermediate nodes storing them until the complete message is received.
  • Unlike packet switching, message switching employs a store-and-forward approach, where each intermediate node stores the entire message until forwarding it to the next node.
  • This method may lead to longer transmission times as the complete message can only be transmitted once all parts are received by an intermediate node.

The Correct answer is B and D.

Key Points

• Network Interface Card (NIC):
  • ​All equipment that is expected to connect to a network requires a simple connection device called NIC.
  • Generally, a PC comes out with an inbuilt NIC with a RJ45 connector.
  • Patch cords from a network device such as a hub, switch, etc. can be plugged directly into the NIC port.
  • All network equipment and NICs will have a unique physical address globally called MAC (Media Access Control) address in hexadecimal form which is basic for the Ethernet frame to locate a physical address in the segmented network. 
• Hub:
  • ​Hubs are simple network devices that work on broadcasting principles to connect segments of a LAN.
  • All nodes connected to a central hub which has multiple ports will receive signals from all nodes and the hub will then broadcast the signal to all nodes.
  • The targeted recipient will receive the packets and others will discard the packets.
  • When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
  • Each and every packet travels to all nodes irrespective of its destination.
  • This creates traffic as well as collision in the network.
  • Though a simple network can be created with hubs, reliability, and stability are very poor when using hubs.

• Switch:
  • ​The switch is a more dedicated device for the transmission of packets which filters and forwards packets between LAN segments.
  • Switches are of two types based on their working nature.
  • Simple switches operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and advanced ones work on the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI Reference Model.
  • layer 3 switches are generally managed switches and a VLAN (Virtual LAN) segmentation can be done for each network segment.
  • Though Hub and Switch look similar, the functionality is different while dealing with packet transmission.
  • Collision and heavy traffic can be managed with a switch.
  • Hub is a broadcasting device and switch is a unicasting device because switches have memory elements to store MAC address.

• Router/Gateway:
  • ​The router is an intelligent device that forwards data packets along the right network path.
  • A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP.s network.
  • Routers are required to interconnect different LAN segments located at the gateway level.
  • Routers use additional data like headers and a forwarding table to determine the best path for forwarding the packets.
  • Routers also use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts.

The correct answer is  Datagram switching.

Key Points

• Packet switching
  • Packet switching​ is a method of data transmission that involves breaking down transmitted data into smaller blocks known as 'packets.'
  • Each packet is then assigned a unique number and sent across the network independently.
  • At the destination, the packets are reassembled into the original data.
  • There are two types of packet switching: connection-oriented and connectionless. 
  • Connectionless packet switching
    • ​Connectionless packet switching, known as datagram switching, involves the transmission of multiple individual packets with complete routing information.
    • Each packet includes the destination and source addresses, as well as header information about the total number of packets.
    • This technique may lead to out-of-order delivery due to different transmission paths.
    • However, the receiving device rearranges the packets upon arrival, ensuring the proper delivery of the original message.
  • Connection-oriented packet switching
    • ​Connection-oriented packet switching, often referred to as virtual circuit switching, encompasses the organization and numbering of data packets.
    • These packets are transmitted in a sequential manner along predefined paths.
    • This sequential transmission eliminates the necessity for address information.

Additional Information

• Circuit Switching
  • ​Circuit switching is a technology used in telecommunication networks in which two network nodes are connected by a dedicated communication Chanel call circuit.
  • The circuit is to be established before starting the communication of data.
  • A Circuit dedicates the full bandwidth of Chanel for the entire duration of the communication process.
  • Once the circuit is established between two nodes through many intermediary nodes it will look like the nodes are physically connected.
  • Delay in transmission is always constant in a circuit due to the dedicated Chanel.

• Cell Switching
  • ​Cell switching is high-speed switching technology to overcome the speed problem faced in circuit and packet switching.
  • Cell switching uses a connection-oriented packet-switched network.
  • Fixed-sized cell (53 bytes in ATM) is used in cell switching.
  • While packet-switching technology is used for variable-linked packets. This technique is also used in DSL and ISDN.
  • The disadvantage is there is no flow control or error control.
  • Cell switching can handle multiple data types such as voice, video, and data.
  • Cell switching combines the best features of circuit switching for guaranteed delivery and packet switching for efficiency. 

The Correct answer is A, C, and D.

Key Points

• Star Topology:
  • ​A star topology is designed with each node (file server, workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub, switch, or concentrator.
  • Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination.
  • The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the network.
  • It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.
  • This configuration is common with twisted pair cable; however, it can also be used with coaxial cable or fiber optic cable.

• Ring Topology;
  • ​In ring topology each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node - a ring.
  • Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet.
  • Because a ring topology provides only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks may be disrupted by the failure of a single link.
  • A node failure or cable break might isolate every node attached to the ring.

• Tree or Expanded Star Topology:
  • ​A tree topology combines characteristics of linear bus and star topologies.
  • It consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable.
  • Tree topologies allow for the expansion of an existing network, and enable schools to configure a network to meet their needs.​

• internetworking:
  • Internetworking refers to the process of establishing communication and data exchange between different computer networks.
  • It involves connecting multiple networks, often using different communication protocols or technologies, to create a larger, more extensive network.
  • The main goal of internetworking is to facilitate seamless and efficient data transfer between various interconnected networks, enabling users to access resources and services across different networks as if they were part of a single, unified network.​

The correct answer is Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.

Explanation:

• Statement (I): In a peer-to-peer networking environment, users can directly share resources and files stored on their own computers and access shared resources on other computers in the network. 
  • ​Peer-to-Peer Software:
    • ​In a peer-to-peer networking environment, users can directly share resources and files stored on their own computers and access shared resources on other computers in the network.
    • There is no central server in this type of network, and all computers are considered equal.
    • Users have similar capabilities and resources, and there is no centralized control.
    • Each machine's user also serves as the machine's administrator.
    • Windows 98 and workgroups are examples of peer-to-peer network software.
• Statement (II):  In Client-Server Based (Two-Tier), The first part is known as the server and the second part is known as the client.
  • ​Client-Server Based (Two-Tier):
    • This type of software operates in two parts.
    • The first part, known as the server, resides on one or more dedicated computers and provides functions and services along with security and access to resources.
    • The second part, known as the client, is installed on other computers (client nodes) and enables access to the resources on the server.
    • Examples of server-based networking software include Novell Netware, Windows NT, UNIX, and Windows 2000.

The Correct answer is Guided media.

Key Points

• Guided media:
  • Guided media refers to the transmission of data through physical paths, such as cables.
  • Various types of cables, including coaxial cables, twisted pair copper wires, and optical fiber cables, are used based on factors like network topology, protocol, and size.
  • Coaxial cables resemble those used for transmitting cable TV signals, while twisted pair copper wires are similar to phone cables, available in shielded and unshielded varieties.
  • Optical fiber cables are also utilized for their high-speed data transmission capabilities.

Additional Information

• Unguided media:
  • Unguided media does not involve the installation of wires.
  • Instead, data communication is primarily facilitated through radio waves and microwaves.
  • This form of transmission is wireless and enables data transfer over long distances without the need for physical connections.
• Transmission Medium:
  • ​A transmission medium, also known as a communication channel, is the physical pathway used to transmit data signals from one point to another.
  • It can be a physical or virtual path, guiding the transmission of data between devices.
  • The choice of a transmission medium is determined by various factors including the network's topology, the communication protocol being used, the size of the network, and environmental considerations.
  • Different transmission media have their own advantages and limitations, influencing the overall performance and capabilities of the network.
• Modulation:
  • ​Modulation refers to the process of varying a carrier signal's properties, typically a high-frequency wave, to encode information for transmission.
  • This encoding allows the transfer of information through a communication channel, such as a wired or wireless medium, without interference or overlapping with other signals in the same medium.

The Correct answer is Linear Bus topology:

Key Points 

• Bus topology:
  • Linear bus topology is a type of network topology where each device connects one after the other in a sequential chain
  • The bus topology is designed in such a way that all the stations are connected through a single cable known as a backbone cable.
  • Each node is either connected to the backbone cable by drop cable or directly connected to the backbone cable.
  • The bus topology is mainly used in 802.3 (ethernet) and 802.4 standard networks.
  • The configuration of a bus topology is quite simpler compared to other topologies.
  • The backbone cable is considered a "single lane" through which the message is broadcast to all the stations.
  • The most common access method of the bus topologies is CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access).

Additional Information

• Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components are interconnected to each other.
• There are two types of topology: physical and logical topology.
• Physical topology is the geometric representation of all the nodes in a network.
• The different types of physical topologies are Bus, Mesh, Ring, Star, and Tree.
  • Star
    • Star topology is an arrangement of the network in which every node is connected to the central hub, switch, or central computer.
    • The central computer is known as a server, and the peripheral devices attached to the server are known as clients.
    • Coaxial cables or RJ-45 cables are used to connect the computers.
    • Hubs or Switches are mainly used as connected devices in a physical star topology.
    • Star topology is the most popular topology in network implementation.
• Mesh
  • Mesh technology is an arrangement of the network in which computers are interconnected with each other through various redundant connections.
  • There are multiple paths from one computer to another computer.
  • It does not contain the switch, hub, or any central computer which acts as a central point of communication.
  • The Internet is an example of mesh topology.
  • Mesh topology is mainly used for WAN implementations where communication failures are a critical concern.
  • Mesh topology is mainly used for wireless networks.
• Ring
  • Ring topology is like a bus topology, but with connected ends.
  • The node that receives the message from the previous computer will retransmit it to the next node.
  • The data flows in one direction, i.e., it is unidirectional.
  • The data flows in a single loop continuously known as an endless loop.
  • It has no terminated ends, i.e., each node is connected to another node and has no termination point.
  • The data in a ring topology flow in a clockwise direction.
  • The most common access method of the ring topology is token passing.​
• Tree
  • A tree topology combines the characteristics of bus topology and star topology.
  • A tree topology is a type of structure in which all the computers are connected with each other in a hierarchical fashion.
  • The top-most node in tree topology is known as a root node, and all other nodes are the descendants of the root node.
  • There is only one path that exists between two nodes for the data transmission. Thus, it forms a parent-child hierarchy.

The correct answer is Star topology

Key Points

•  Star Topology:
  • In star topology, all nodes are connected to a single, central hub.
  • Each node is indirectly connected through that hub.

​

Important Points

• Ring Topology:
  • In this Topology Nodes are connected in a loop, so each device has exactly two neighbors.
• Bus Topology:
  • In this, Every Network node is directly connected to the main cable.
• Mesh Topology
  • It is defined by overlapping connections between nodes.
  • it has two types:
  • Full mesh Topology: where every node is connected to every other node.
  • Partial Mesh: where only some nodes are connected to each other and some are connected to the nodes with which they exchange the most data.

Additional Information 

• Network Topology Refers to how nodes and links in a network are arranged.
• A network node is a device that can send, retrieve, store and forward data.