Geography MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is Baikal Lake

Key Points

•  Baikal Lake is Located in Siberia, Russia.
• Lake Baikal is the world's deepest and oldest freshwater lake.
• It reaches a maximum depth of 1,642 meters (5,387 feet), making it not only the deepest lake on Earth but also one of the largest by volume.
• It is renowned for its crystal clear waters and unique biodiversity, including species that are found nowhere else on the planet, such as the Baikal seal.

Additional Information

•  Pulicat Lake:
  • This is the second largest brackish water lake or lagoon in India, located on the border of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu on the Coromandel Coast.
  • It is significantly shallower and smaller in comparison to Baikal Lake and is known for its bird sanctuary.
•  Victoria Lake:
  •  Also known as Lake Victoria, it is the largest lake in Africa by area, the world's largest tropical lake, and the second-largest freshwater lake by surface area.
  • Despite its size, it is relatively shallow compared to Baikal, with a maximum depth of approximately 84 meters (276 feet).
  • It is famous for its biodiversity, including the numerous species of cichlid fish.
• Superior Lake:
  •  Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes of North America and the world's largest freshwater lake by surface area.
  • However, in terms of depth, it does not compare to Baikal, as its maximum depth is about 406 meters (1,332 feet).
  • It is known for its clean, cold waters and rugged wilderness surroundings.

In summary, while Pulicat Lake, Victoria Lake, and Superior Lake are significant in terms of size, biodiversity, and ecological importance, none of them surpass Lake Baikal in terms of depth. Lake Baikal's unique characteristics of depth, age, and endemic species make it a natural wonder distinct from the other lakes mentioned.

The correct answer is Finland.

Key Points

• Finland:
  • Finland is often called the "Land of a Thousand Lakes" due to its over 180,000 lakes.
  • The presence of these many lakes is a result of glaciation during the last Ice Age.
  • The retreating glaciers left behind a landscape filled with lakes and depressions.
  • The largest lake, Lake Saimaa, is the fourth largest in Europe, emphasizing the significance of lakes in Finland's geography.

Additional Information

The Correct Answer is Libya.

Key Points

• Location of the Record: The highest temperature ever recorded in the world was in Libya. Specifically, this record was set in the town of Al 'Aziziyah, which is located northwest of the Libyan capital, Tripoli.
• Date of the Record: The record-setting temperature was measured on September 13, 1922.
• Measured Temperature: The temperature reached an astonishing 58 degrees Celsius (136.4 degrees Fahrenheit). This extreme temperature set the world record for the highest recorded temperature on Earth.
• Verification and Controversy: The temperature record in Libya has been subject to scrutiny and debate. For many years, meteorologists and climate scientists have examined the accuracy of this record due to potential issues with the measuring equipment and the method used at the time. Despite this, it remained the official highest temperature recorded for nearly 90 years.
• Subsequent Developments: In 2012, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) conducted an investigation and decided to invalidate the Libyan record due to several concerns, including problematic instrumentation and an inexperienced observer. This led to the recognition of Death Valley, California, USA, as having the highest recorded temperature of 56.7 degrees Celsius (134 degrees Fahrenheit) on July 10, 1913. However, the Libyan record remains a significant part of meteorological history.
• Importance of Record: This record is a testament to the extreme conditions our planet can produce. It serves as an important data point for understanding Earth's climate system, the variability of desert temperatures, and the potential impacts of heatwaves on human health and the environment.
• Libya's Climate: Libya's climate is characterized by its hot, dry desert conditions. The Sahara Desert, which covers much of Libya, is one of the hottest regions in the world, experiencing extreme temperatures during the summer months. This makes Libya a plausible location for such extreme temperature records.
• Global Perspective: While the Libyan record has been a point of contention, it underscores the importance of accurate, reliable weather recording practices and the need for ongoing verification by meteorological authorities. It also highlights how extreme weather conditions, including high temperatures, are of interest not only to scientists but also to the general public due to their implications for climate change and human habitation.

The correct answer is Hwang Ho.

Key Points

• The Hwang Ho River, also known as the Yellow River, is referred to as the 'grief of China' due to its frequent and devastating floods.
• It is the second longest river in China and the sixth longest in the world, with a length of about 5,464 kilometers.
• The river's basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization, making it a significant cultural and historical landmark.
• Efforts have been made to control and manage the river's flow to prevent future disasters, including the construction of dams and levees.

Additional Information

• Yangtze River
  • The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world, stretching about 6,300 kilometers.
  • It plays a crucial role in China's economy, serving as a major transportation route and providing water for agriculture and industry.
  • The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity, is located on the Yangtze River.
• Heilongjiang River
  • The Heilongjiang River, also known as the Amur River, forms part of the border between China and Russia.
  • It has a length of about 4,444 kilometers.
  • The river is significant for its biodiversity, supporting a variety of fish species and other wildlife.
• Tarim River
  • The Tarim River is the longest inland river in China, located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
  • It flows through the Taklamakan Desert, one of the largest sandy deserts in the world.
  • The river is crucial for irrigation and agriculture in the arid region it traverses.

The correct answer is: 1 is true and 2 is false

Key Points

• Statement 1: "In an active system of remote sensing, the sensing equipment emits radiation, which is reflected back from the object."  (True)
  • Active remote sensing systems emit their own radiation (e.g., radar, LiDAR).
  • This radiation interacts with the target and is reflected back to the sensor.
  • Examples: RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging), LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging).
• Statement 2: "Spectral resolution in remote sensing indicates the frequency of receiving radiations."  (False)
  • Spectral resolution refers to the number and width of spectral bands in which the sensor captures data, not the frequency of receiving radiation.
  • It defines the ability to distinguish different wavelengths (e.g., visible, infrared, microwave).
  • Higher spectral resolution means the sensor can capture finer wavelength differences.

​The boundary line between India and Pakistan is Radcliffe Line.

A border line is a dividing line that marks the territorial limits between two countries. Our country India shares land borders with seven countries including Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan and maritime borders with Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia. It has 15,106.7 kilometres of land border and a coastline of 7,516 kilometres including its island territories.

Key Points

Radcliffe Line:

• Radcliffe Line divided British India into India and Pakistan.
• It is named after the architect of this line, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who was also the chairman of the Boundary Commissions.
• The Radcliffe Line was drawn between West Pakistan (now Pakistan) and India on the western side and between India and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) on the eastern side of the subcontinent.

Additional Information

McMahon Line: 

• Named after the British Indian Army officer Lieutenant Colonel Sir Arthur Henry McMahon, who was also an administrator in British India, the McMahon line is a demarcation that separates Tibet and the north-east India. Colonel McMahon had proposed this line as the boundary between Tibet, China, and India at the Shimla Convention of 1914.

Durand Line:

• Boundary line between India and Afghanistan demarcated by Sir Mortimer Durand, a British diplomat in the year 1896 is known as the Durand Line.
• It separated British India and Afghanistan. After partition, Pakistan inherited this line.
• However, a short section of the Afghanistan border is shared with the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Line of Actual Control (LAC):

• Line of Actual Control is the demarcation line between India and China which separates the India controlled territory from the China-controlled territory in the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. 

Line of Control (LOC):

• The military controlled line between India and Pakistan in the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir is named as the Line of Control (LOC). It was originally known as the Ceasefire Line. 

​

The correct answer is 35.

Key Points

• The average salinity of seawater is about 35 grams per kilogram (g/kg) of seawater, or 35 ppt.
• Seawater generally ranges from 33 ppt to 38 ppt. Freshwater lakes, rivers, and streams contain some dissolved matter—1 ppt or less.
• Brackish water is a mixture of fresh water and seawater, below approximately 33 ppt.
• Hypersaline water, or brine, is very salty seawater, above approximately 38 ppt.

Additional Information

• Salinity, which is measured in parts per thousand (ppt), is the amount of salt in grams per kilogram of saltwater.
  • The number of parts, or grams, of salt there are per thousand parts, or kilogram (1,000 g), of seawater is known as parts per thousand.
  • The term "parts per thousand" (ppt) is frequently used. 
  • Both temperature and salinity affect density.
  • A hydrometer can be used to determine the density of a liquid by measuring the level at which the hydrometer floats in it.

Thus, the correct matching is, a - iv, b - iii, c - i, d - ii

Electoral behavior in India:

• Electoral behavior is also known as voting behavior
• It determines by various socio-economic and political factors
• The behavior of voters in the contest of election is known as electoral behavior
• According to Gordon Marshall, “ The study of voting behavior invariably focuses on the determinants of why people vote as they do and how they arrive at the decisions they make.”

• The determinants of electoral behavior can be categorized into two,

• Socio-economic factors	Political factors
  Caste Religion Language Regionalism Age-sex Family influence Economic condition at the time of election Education of the voter The economic condition of the voter etc.	The personality of the leader Money Political ideology Performance of the ruling party Personal and emotional association with the party Political events Election campaign Candidate orientation etc.

Important Points

Some important electoral behaviour:

Caste: 

• It is an important factor in Indian politics.
• Caste was actually born with the profession of one's family.
• The caste of the politician and the caste of the voter determines the voting behavior.

Religion and language: 

• Religious sentiments also influence the electoral behavior in India

• Linguistic feelings is also an important factor and it influenced by regionalism and sub-regionalism to a large extent  

Money power: Economic condition of the voter can exchange ‘votes for notes’ 

The correct answer is Rural Urban Continuum.
Important Points

Louis Wirth is best known for his work in urban sociology and his concept of "Urbanism as a Way of Life," in which he explores the effects of urban living on individuals and communities. However, of the options you've given, Wirth is most closely associated with the concept of the Rural-Urban Continuum.

• Louis Wirth defined a city to have defining characteristics that included a large population, size, a heterogeneous nature, and a defined boundary.
• A city is identified by businesses, population, and a unique cultural landscape.
• Urban locations include non-rural areas like a city and the surrounding suburbs.
• Major characteristics of cities include having downtown areas, buildings, highways, and other transportation networks.
• Businesses, a large population, and a unique cultural landscape identify a city, whereas urban locations include non-rural areas like the city and suburbs.
• Common characteristics of significant cities include having a downtown area, large buildings, and a highway and transportation network.

The correct answer is Brazil and Indonesia.
Key Points

• According to the Food and Agriculture Organization's Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015, Brazil and Indonesia were the leading countries in terms of forest depletion between 1990 to 2015.
• The report indicated that the two countries accounted for around 40% of the total global forest loss during that period.

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations conducts a periodic assessment of the state of the world's forests.

• According to the FAO's Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015, Brazil and Indonesia were among the leading countries in terms of forest depletion between 1990 and 2015.
• Brazil lost a total of 7.7 million hectares of forest during this period, while Indonesia lost 6.2 million hectares.
• These countries have experienced significant deforestation due to a range of factors, including expansion of agriculture, logging, and mining activities.
• Deforestation is a major environmental issue as it can lead to the loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, and other negative impacts.
• It can also contribute to climate change by releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC):

Key Points

History:

• The idea was first raised by Ziaur Rahman, President of Bangladesh in November 1980.
• Their first meeting was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka in April 1981.
• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established with the signing of the SAARC Charter in Dhaka on 8 December 1985.
• The Secretariat of SAARC is located in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Member Countries:

• At that time there were 8 member countries, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka
• Afghanistan joined SAARC in 2007.
• Myanmar has stated it would like to become a full member of the SAARC

• There are currently nine Observers to SAARC. Russia and Turkey are applied to become observers of SAARC

• Member Countries	Observer Countries
  Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka	1.Australia 2.China 3.The European Union 4.Iran 5.Japan 6.The Republic of Korea 7.Mauritius 8.Myanmar 9.The United States of America

SAARC in short:

• Present Secretary-General of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) H.E. Esala Ruwan Weerakoon of Sri Lanka appointed on 01 March 2020.
• The Secretariat of the Association was set up in Kathmandu on 17 January 1987

SAARC specialized bodies are

1. SAARC Development Fund (SDF)
2. South Asian University
3. South Asian Regional Standards Organization (SARSO) has its Secretariat in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
4. SAARC Arbitration Council

The correct answer is Yi-Fu-Tuan 
Important Points

• Humanistic geography is an approach to geography that emphasizes the human dimension, and it involves an interpretive, qualitative methodology.
• Among the scholars listed, Yi-Fu Tuan is particularly well-known for his work in this area.
• Tuan is a prominent geographer who has contributed significantly to the development of humanistic geography, particularly through his explorations of concepts like space, place, and landscape from a human-centric perspective.

So, the correct answer is:

Yi-Fu Tuan
Additional InformationYi-Fu Tuan, born in 1930 in China, is widely recognized as one of the founding figures of humanistic geography.

• After moving to the United States, he studied geography, anthropology, and philosophy, and he went on to teach at several universities.
• His interdisciplinary background greatly influenced his approach to geography.

Tuan is known for his contributions to the understanding of human geography, particularly in the areas of environmental perception and human spatial behavior.

• His work emphasizes the importance of personal perception and the subjective, emotional aspects of geographic space.
• He has developed and expanded on several key concepts in humanistic geography, such as "topophilia" (the affective bond between people and place) and "sense of place" (the unique, personal, and emotional attachment people have to a place).
• He has written numerous influential books, including "Space and Place:
• The Perspective of Experience," "Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values," and "Landscapes of Fear."
• These works explore various aspects of the human experience of space and place, and they have helped to define the field of humanistic geography.

So, while there are many scholars who have contributed to humanistic geography, Yi-Fu Tuan's work is particularly important and influential in this field.

• His ideas have been widely adopted and developed by other scholars, and his writings continue to be a major source of inspiration for research in humanistic geography.

Census of India defined the urban regions in two ways, census town, and statutory town.

Key Points

The definition of 'census towns' formulated by the Census of India:

All other places which satisfied the following criteria:

1. A minimum population of 5,000;
2. At least 75 percent of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and
3. A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km. 

It is known as Census Town. These were identified on the basis of Census 2001 data. 

Hence, b) and c) are correct.

Important Points

Statutory Towns:

•  These towns are notified under the law by the concerned State/UT Government and have local bodies like municipal corporations, municipalities, municipal committees, etc., irrespective of their demographic characteristics as reckoned on 31st December 2009.
• Examples: Vadodara (M Corp.), Shimla (M Corp.), etc.
• All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc.

The correct option is: A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II.Important Points